Nováky
| Nováky | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| coat of arms | map | ||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Slovakia | ||
| Kraj : | Trenčiansky kraj | ||
| Okres : | Prievidza | ||
| Region : | Horná Nitra | ||
| Area : | 19.293 km² | ||
| Residents : | 4,203 (Dec. 31, 2019) | ||
| Population density : | 218 inhabitants per km² | ||
| Height : | 244 m nm | ||
| Postal code : | 972 71 | ||
| Telephone code : | 0 46 | ||
| Geographic location : | 48 ° 43 ' N , 18 ° 32' E | ||
| License plate : | PD | ||
| Kód obce : | 514268 | ||
| structure | |||
| Community type : | city | ||
| Urban area structure: | 3 districts | ||
| Administration (as of November 2018) | |||
| Mayor : | Dušan Šimka | ||
| Address: | Mestský úrad Nováky námestie SNP 349/10 97271 Nováky |
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| Website: | www.novaky.sk | ||
| Statistics information on statistics.sk | |||
Nováky (Hungarian Nyitranovák - until 1882 Novák ) is a city in the west of Slovakia , with a population of 4203 (December 31, 2019). It belongs to the Okres Prievidza , a district of the Trenčiansky kraj and is one of the centers of the Slovak lignite mining as well as the location of a coal power station.
geography
The city is located in the Hornonitrianska kotlina (German Oberneutraer Basin) on the left bank of the Nitra River , between the Vogelgebirge in the southeast and the foothills of the Strážovské vrchy in the northeast. The town center, at an altitude of 244 m nm , is 10 kilometers from Prievidza , 55 kilometers from Trenčín and 74 kilometers from Nitra .
Administratively, the city consists of the municipality parts:
- Horné Lelovce (incorporated in 1944; German Oberlelotz , Hungarian Felsőlelőc )
- Laskár (incorporated in 1944; Nyitralaszkár in Hungarian )
- Nováky
history
Nováky was first mentioned in writing as Nuovac in 1113 in a letter of foundation of the Benedictine abbey of St. Hyppolyt in Zobor by King Koloman .
According to the archives of the Archdiocese of Gran , the parish of Nováky was founded before 1149. Between 1387 and 1395 the village belonged to the Hungarian crown. Emperor Sigismund of Luxemburg enfeoffed one of his followers with Nováky. Since 1434 the village belonged to the Majthényi family.
In 1560 the teachings of the Reformation came to Nováky. There were disputes between the clergy, who had converted to Protestantism, and the Majthényi family, who had remained Catholic. In 1601 Stephan Bocskai's troops occupied the village, over 100 farmers were slain during that time, which meant an economic decline of the village. In 1608 only 6 families lived in Nováky. Protestant mercenaries destroyed the village in 1626 , and Turkish troops of the Ottoman Empire did the same in 1631 and 1663 .
Between 1700 and 1703 the place received a new church in the classical style instead of the old destroyed Romanesque church . As a result of the anti-Habsburg wars between the Imperial ( Labanzen ) and the Kurutz , parts of the place were destroyed again in 1708.
In 1812 the place got its own school .
In 1831 Nováky had 673 inhabitants, Oberlelotz 232 and Laskar 159 inhabitants. In 1890 Unterlelotz was incorporated.
At the beginning of the 19th century, Jews began to settle in Nováky. The first synagogue was built as early as 1830 . As the Jewish community grew rapidly, a new synagogue was built in 1870. In 1875, Salomon Weinreb leased over 75% of Majthény’s large estates. As a result of further immigration, the Jews in Nováky achieved a dominant position and played an important role in the local community. In 1896 a Jewish school ( dwarf school ) was founded.
After the First World War , Nováky was occupied by Czechoslovak legions on December 10, 1918 . According to the Treaty of Trianon , Nováky was separated from the Kingdom of Hungary and part of the newly founded Czechoslovakia . The Hungarian and Jewish schools were dissolved in 1919.
During the period of the First Slovak Republic from 1941 to 1944 there was a concentration camp for Slovak Jews near the place (in the Laskár district) , where they were gathered before their deportation to the German extermination camps in Poland . The camp - which, according to conservative estimates, lived between 1200 and 1800 prisoners - was monitored by the Hlinka Guard .
On April 5, 1945 Nováky was occupied by the Red Army .
In the former concentration camp for Jews in the Laskár district, from August 1945, the Germans from the surrounding villages were arrested and imprisoned, who (together with the Hungarians ) had been deprived of their Czechoslovak citizenship based on the Beneš Decrees (No. 33) and who had moved to Germany or Austria should be expelled . In 1950 the Catholic Sisters of the Order of Notre Dame (who acquired the Rakovszky Curia in Nováky in order to run a girls' school there) were subjected to massive reprisals by the communist rulers. The order was dissolved and the nuns expelled. In the former concentration camp (for Jews and later Germans) in Laskár, a "re-education camp" was set up for politically "unreliable elements" and "enemies" of the (Stalinist) regime.
In 1961 Nováky received city rights.
On August 15, 2018, on the day of the Assumption , the victims of the Germans who perished in the Nováky-Laskár internment camp between 1945 and 1946 were given a memorial in a ceremony. Representatives of the churches and public life took part in the celebration. The ambassador, Mr. Joachim Bleicker, laid a wreath for the Federal Republic of Germany .
The memorial, which stands on the hill of the mass grave of the former Nováky camp in the district of Koš , the former Andreasdorf, has a bilingual inscription (German and Slovak), the German text reads:
In the / post-war years / Carpathian Germans from all over / Slovakia were housed in the wooden barracks of the / internment camp / Nováky-Laskár under inhumane / conditions. / They lived / with the Slovaks on friendly terms for several centuries. / Rest in the mass grave, / whose life in the years / 1945-1946 / died out much too early /.
Koš, June 2018
Attractions
See: List of listed objects in Nováky
Sports
The water polo players of the KVP Nováky have been Slovak champions several times and in 1996 they made it into the top eight in the Champions League, which was played for the first time . The local swimming pool is also the national performance center for the sport and a regular venue for international tournaments.
economy
- Nováky power plant
- Fortischem ( Energochemica Group)
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ The letter of foundation of the Benedictine Abbey of St. Hyppolyt in Zobor, written on parchment , is one of the oldest written documents in today's Slovakia. It lists the names of over two hundred localities. For research, the foundation letter offers valuable information about the names and locations of the individual localities in the area. The document is relatively well preserved and is now in the archives of the Diocese of Neutra ( Slov. Nitra ).
- ↑ Hisotória mesta Nováky, novaky.sk, accessed on July 19, 2011
- ↑ On the territory of today's Slovakia, assembly camps for the evacuation of the Germans were set up at three locations (in Pressburg at three locations, then in Nováky and Krickerhau ). See also: Anton Klipp: Preßburg, Karlsruhe 2010, ISBN 978-3-927020-15-3 , p. 37f
- ↑ European Commission : State aid: Commission orders recovery of illegal Slovak aid from NCHZ and Fortischem , October 15, 2014
