Rammenau

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 51 ° 9 ′  N , 14 ° 8 ′  E
Basic data
State :	Saxony
County :	Bautzen
Management Community :	Bischofswerda
Height :	296 m above sea level NHN
Area :	10.76 km 2
Residents:	1338 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	124 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	01877
Area code :	03594
License plate :	BZ, BIW, HY, KM
Community key :	14 6 25 510
Community structure:	8 districts
Address of the municipal administration:	Hauptstrasse 16 01877 Rammenau
Website :	www.rammenau.de
Mayor :	Andreas Langhammer (independent)
Location of the municipality of Rammenau in the district of Bautzen

Rammenau ( Upper Sorbian Ramnou or Ramnow ; Upper Lusatian Roamm ) is a place and the associated municipality in the district of Bautzen . Together with the neighboring town of Bischofswerda , Rammenau forms the Bischofswerda administrative community .

The village is known for its spacious baroque country palace , the Baroque Rammenau Palace , and as the birthplace of the philosopher Johann Gottlieb Fichte .

geography

Geographical location

Rammenau is located about 4 km northwest of the large district town of Bischofswerda am Grunabach near the federal highway 4 . The Große Röder rises in the wooded northern part of the municipality .

Community structure

In addition to the core town, belong to the community

• Kurzcke ("The short fields", development from around 1150)
• Floodplain (1810)

the following districts:

• Schaudorf (1769) with
  • Niederschaudorf (1792)
• Oberrammenau (1793)
• Niederdorf with
  • Beigut (1796)
  • Randsiedlung (1930)
• Roederbrunn (1823)
• Forest Disc (1833)
• Tanneberg (1835)
• Settlement (1925)

Neighboring places

The place is bordered by Burkau in the northeast, Bischofswerda in the southeast, Frankenthal in the southwest, Großröhrsdorf in the west and Ohorn and Elstra in the north.

history

Origin of name

The place name is derived either from Ramm (ram, ram), Ramo or Ramjen (proper name) or a word that means something like swampy or damp land. Another interpretation leads the name back to the Old Sorbian word rame (n) (arm), in the figurative sense, "village on the arm of the water".

historical development

Rammenau, a forest hoof village , was founded around 1150 in swampy terrain by Thuringian-Franconian settlers and was first mentioned as a manor in 1213/1228 in the Upper Lusatian border document under the name Ramnou or Ramnow . It was a western border village of the Six Cities Association .

Until the 15th century, Rammenau belonged to the possessions of the Lords of Kamenz, in 1395 a manor was built from simple half-timbered buildings. Other owner families until 1717 were von Ponickau , von Staupitz and von Seydewitz . In the early 17th century, several ponds were created in the village from swampy alder quarries.

In 1642, during the Thirty Years' War , the church and the rectory were burned down by looting Swedish soldiers, and irretrievable historical information in the church records was lost. After a slow construction time, the new, today's church was finally consecrated in 1749.

Rammenau Castle , park side

After Heinrich von Seydewitz went bankrupt, Ferdinand von Knoch acquired the old manor in 1717, had it demolished and began building a new castle in the same place in 1721. The fate of his predecessor also overtook von Knoch, so in 1744 the manor and palace came to the von Hoffmanns , who tried to establish agriculture as a source of income. They owned the estate until 1880, interrupted by the interim ownership from 1794 to 1820 by the Prussian Rittmeister Friedrich von Kleist. In the 18th century, after the Seven Years' War , the weaving mill and population grew and needed space, the rulers in turn needed new subjects and tax money: Settlers were attracted by land sales and clearing and the division into many districts that is characteristic of Rammenau began.

During this time of serfdom and total dependence on the rulership of the castle, the most famous son of the village, the later philosopher Johann Gottlieb Fichte , was born in 1762, but was able to leave this milieu and get a higher education through fortunate circumstances and the support of a relative of the landlord.

After final abolition of forced labor in 1835 another castle owners were the families of posers and of Helldorff (until 1945). House weaving, inns, general stores, butchers and bakeries developed here too, favored by a law on freedom of trade. In the middle of the 19th century Rammenau had become a weaving village, in 1861 there were 148 linen weavers and 3 ribbon weavers (in addition to 18 farmers, 24 farms with 86 male and female servants and 70 day laborers).

Around 1900 the rulers of the castle prevented the route planned for the Kamenz – Bischofswerda railway via Rammenau , so the great industrial development passed Rammenau and it remained a village of small farmers, farmers, house weavers, bricklayers and stone workers. Even after the end of linen weaving after the First World War , two new settlements were built in difficult economic times.

politics

Municipal council

In the municipal elections on May 26, 2019, 10 of the 12 seats in the municipal council went to candidates from the initiative for Rammenau , the other 2 to associations for Rammenau . The traditional parties that otherwise operate in the region do not play a role in Rammenau.

mayor

Andreas Langhammer (Initiative for Rammenau) has been honorary mayor of the community since 2017.

Previously, Hiltrud Snelinski was (independent) mayor of the community from 1986 to 2017, making it one of the longest serving in the district.

Attractions

Baroque castle Rammenau , courtyard

Castle Park

The baroque castle Rammenau is one of the most beautiful baroque country castles in Saxony. It was built by Johann Christoph Knöffel from 1721 to 1731 and served the botanist and entomologist Johann Centurius Graf von Hoffmannsegg as a retirement home. Behind the castle is the five-hectare park , which has been transformed into an English landscape garden, with the old Johann Gottlieb Fichte monument from 1862. In 1972 the DEFA film From the life of a good-for-nothing with Dean Reed was shot here.

The new spruce monument was donated in 1912 by the Saxon Art Association . The bronze bust in a round bench made of sandstone was created by the sculptor Walter Sintenis from Dresden.

The old forge has been open to visitors in the village center since August 2010. The block room, the community library and the tourist information with blacksmith shop are in the building.

The old prison was built in 1774 as the second school in Rammenau. Up to 200 students were registered here around 1800, but they were often absent. Compulsory schooling was not introduced until 1835. The stone building of the second school was partially demolished in 1851 and converted into a school barn. The night watchman Rammenaus occasionally locked lawbreakers and drunkards here overnight to sober up, which earned the building the name “Old Prison”. Around 1920/1930 it was popularly known as the "dog hole". In the building there is an exhibition on local history and changing exhibitions in the attic, next to it there is a farmer's and herb garden.

The war memorial was erected on a grove of honor on the former school pond meadows on Johann-Gottlieb-Fichte-Straße. The granite memorial commemorates the 72 soldiers who died in the First World War. Two granite reliefs show a “dying warrior as passing life” and a “nursing mother as developing life”.

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  Johann Gottlieb Fichte monument in Friedrich Rentsch's palace gardens

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  New spruce monument by Walter Sintenis

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  Old Forge

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  Old prison

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  War memorial

See also : List of cultural monuments in Rammenau  and List of natural monuments in Rammenau

economy

Numerous craft and commercial enterprises are based in Rammenau, including a window and door manufacturer. The place has an industrial park.

Others

In July 2012, the municipality of Rammenau won the 8th Saxon state competition Our village has a future and thus represented the Free State in the national competition the following year. According to Environment Minister Frank Kupfer , the place scored above all with “a diverse and long-term village development”.

In June 2013, Rammenau and eight other villages also won the gold medal in the national competition and was awarded for it in January 2014 at the International Green Week in Berlin.

societies

The following clubs shape the cultural and sporting life of the place in particular:

• Rammenauer Heimatverein eV
• Sports club 1910 Edelweiß Rammenau eV
• Judo and sports club Rammenau 1985 eV
• Mixed choir Rammenau eV
• Rammenauer Faschingsclub eV

Personalities

Sons and daughters

Johann Gottlieb Fichte

• Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762–1814), philosopher
• Johann Centurius Graf von Hoffmannsegg (1766–1849), entomologist, botanist and naturalist
• Karl Wilhelm Mittag (1813–1864), teacher and organist, town chronicler of Bischofswerda
• Friedrich August Emil Heuer (1857–1934), blacksmith, Saxon court wagon builder and pioneer of body construction
• Siegmar Wätzlich (1947–2019), national soccer player of the GDR
• Jörg Bär (* 1956), soccer player and coach

Honorary citizen

• 2018: Hiltrud Snelinski (* 1951), long-time mayor of the municipality

literature

• Rammenau. In: Lausitzer Bergland around Pulsnitz and Bischofswerda (= values ​​of our homeland . Volume 40). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1983.
• Rammenau . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 8th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1821, p. 747 f.
• Roswitha Förster: Baroque Castle Rammenau , Edition Leipzig 2002, ISBN 3-361-00551-5
• Gottfried Nitzsche: Legends and stories of the masses , Oberlausitzer Verlag, ISBN 3-933827-25-6
• Helmut Petzold: No onser Gusche - Geschichtn 'm eäberlausitzer dialect , ISBN 3-7444-0106-5 , Zentralhaus publications, Leipzig 1989 ( dialect book )
• Helmut Petzold: Memories of my green village , 1988, Museum Barockschloss Rammenau in collaboration with the Fichte Circle of Friends
• Helmut Petzold: The Rammenauer Breviary , 1988, Museum Barockschloss Rammenau in collaboration with the Fichte Circle of Friends
• Rammenau Castle Archive
• Cornelius Gurlitt : Rammenau. In:  Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 32nd issue: Bautzen Official Authority (Part II) . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1908, p. 253.

Web links

Commons : Rammenau  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Manors and castles in the kingdom of Saxony: Rammenau  - sources and full texts

• Official website of the municipality of Rammenau
• Rammenau in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
• Explanatory report on the zoning plan for the large district town of Bischofswerda and the municipality of Rammenau (2006; PDF file; 1.27 MB)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Population of the Free State of Saxony by municipalities on December 31, 2019  ( help on this ).
2. ^ Hans Klecker: Upper Lusatian dictionary. Oberlausitzer Verlag, Spitzkunnersdorf 2003.
3. ↑ Helmut Petzold: scrolled through the chronicle in Das Rammenauer Brevier , 1988, Museum Barockschloss Rammenau in collaboration with the Fichte-Freundeskreis, p. 3
4. ↑ Rammenau. In: Lausitzer Bergland around Pulsnitz and Bischofswerda (= values ​​of our homeland . Volume 40). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1983, p. 103.
5. ↑ Text on the information board at the New Fichte Memorial: Photo at Wikimedia Commons
6. ^ Text from an information board for the exhibition
7. ↑ Text on the information board on the war memorial: Photo at Wikimedia Commons
8. ^ Sächsische Zeitung - Rammenau is Saxony's best village. July 18, 2012, accessed May 19, 2013 . 
9. ↑ National winners in the competition “Our village has a future” have been determined. (PDF; 41 kB) June 26, 2013, accessed June 26, 2013 .