Noschkowitz Castle

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Noschkowitz Castle (2014)
Ground floor plan of Noschkowitz Palace around 1903
Noschkowitz Castle, Hof (2006)

The Noschkowitz Castle is a Renaissance -Schloss from the 16th century in Noschkowitz in Saxony and one of the last closed in all manors of Saxony.

Location description

Noschkowitz is part of the municipality of Ostrau and is one of the foothills of the Lommatzscher care and is 16 km of road from Lommatzsch . Noschkowitz is located in the valley of the Rittmitzer brook, which flows into the Kleine Jahna behind the 180 m high Krötenberg near Oberwutzschwitz . Dresden is 54 km away and Leipzig is 69 km away. The area, formed as Niederaue by the water, is used exclusively for agriculture and is surrounded by fields and meadows . Only in the southeast has older trees, known as Noschkowitz wood , been preserved . The settlement structure has developed around the castle area in two directions. In a westerly direction, following the course of the Rittmitzer brook, there are Gewanne , bounded by the connecting road to Zschaitz . To the north, the settlement consists of several original manor blocks, which have been repeatedly divided and thus reduced in size.

Name meaning

In order to grasp the meaning of the word Noschkowitz, the morpheme must be examined. While the gradation from ü to o indicates irritation, the consonants -ss-, -z-, -ß-, -sch- indicate a longstanding problem, which orthographers are still dealing with today . When Kyrillos I (Antioch) and Methodius of Olympos Christianized the Eastern Slavs , they came across the sound sh ; they invented the ж. The Western Slavs did not use the Greek but the Latin alphabet and instead of ж = ž. And the Germans have, to this day, no sign of this voiced sound that arises between the upper palate and the arched tongue as a result of the internal pressure of breathing air. They withdrew to -sch-. So: noschka little feet, little legs (e.g. in Polish nóżka ). In connection with the history of culture and settlement, this nosch, nusch, nusche is related in various ways , here in the Mulde - Elbe - Elster area as an old blunt knife, you can't cut brood with the ahln nusch , also as a clasp, buckle , in short: there the Slavs named their localities according to conspicuous terrain (like Leipzig from Polish lipa = linden tree, i.e. linden grove), braces or fibulae may have been made here. The k between the two syllables could be unsettling, but the diminutive nożyk to noschka proves that the k was and is only a supporting sound. The surrounding location names are indications of such uses. Southwest of Noschkowitz, for example, there is the 221.4 m high Goldberg and northwest of the 183.6 m high Schmiedeberg.

Building description

Noschkowitz Castle, gatehouse (2006)
Noschkowitz Castle: Double coat of arms from 1754 on the gatehouse. Hans von Taubenheim and his wife Sophia, b. from Zaschnitz
Noschkowitz: View from the castle tower into the manor

The east facing castle consists of a rectangular courtyard. The view of the castle from the south meets the mannerist arch of the main entrance. The embossed stone blocks protrude from the smooth surface of the wall, their outer roundings follow the arched form of the portal. Above it is an alliance coat of arms of Hans von Taubenheim and his wife Sophie von Zaschnitz from 1574. The presumed evidence of a previous building is currently not proven. The gatehouse also dates from this construction period. On the left in the gateway there is a walled-up door that leads into the former black kitchen with direct access to the Wendelstein. The palace chapel was probably located to the right of the entrance. This is supported by the east direction, a walled up sacral niche, and the documentary mention of a pastor. The east wing is the oldest part of the complex, several Gothic rectangular windows refer this part of the castle to the 15th century and to a previous building. In this part, right next to the Wendelstein , is a hall with a column on which four cross vaults rest. The simple bay window on the courtyard side of this building was built later than the actual east wing, presumably together with the round Wendelstein. Its tip is visible from afar today and dates from the 19th century. The tower located centrally above this actual entrance hall was built around 1574. In 2007, a wooden beam ceiling with a herringbone pattern from 1574 was uncovered during construction work on the upper floor. The castle is now partially surrounded by water. Whether it was once completely surrounded by water must be highly doubted, at least for the Renaissance building that is visible today . Apparently there is no extended Bühl either. The building and its surroundings lack all fortification features. The buildings symmetrically opposite the north-east wing are called cavalier houses and are plastered timber-framed timber framing from the 17th century. A farmyard closed on three sides is directly adjacent to the castle. The farm buildings show interesting mansard roof shapes with three roof levels. This design of the roofs with trained gables allowed maximum storage space for grain and fodder. The western farm building still has Renaissance features in the cross vault and roof design.

The oldest representation of Noschkowitz Castle

The oldest recorded representation

The oldest surviving image of the castle is visible in the so-called Ur-Oeder . The earliest large-scale recording was made by Matthias Oeder (around 1540-1614) during the first Saxon land survey. This was carried out on a scale of 1: 45,000. There is a reduction to 1: 53.333 from Oeder's successor, Balthasar Zimmermann (died around 1633), which is referred to as Oeder / Zimmermann. The red lines are survey lines and the curvy black lines represent the course of the stream. Roads are not shown. The straight lines are meridians. Like other Oeder maps, the map faces south. The illustration shows Noschkowitz in the years of Dr. Johann Lauterbach (between 1586 and 1616). At that time Noschkowitz had six estates, seven houses and a mill. The stone mill a little above the castle is already drawn. The castle with the Wendelstein and a farm building can be clearly recognized.

Noschkowitz Castle mural painting

Murals

To the right of the main gate there is a room on the ground floor that was used in history as a coal store and dog kennel. On the walls there are lay drawings, which Cornelius Gurlitt suspects to depict scenes from the Wars of Liberation . But possibly also the tragic story of Sophia von Taubenheim, née. from Zaschnitz.

Magic process of Sophia von Zaschnitz

Sophia von Taubenheim, also the wife Taubenhaimin (* unknown; † July 23, 1585 in Dresden ), born. von Zaschnitz, was the wife of Hans von Taubenheim , who had owned the Noschkowitz estate since 1568. Sophia was convicted in a witch trial and was executed by the sword on July 23, 1585 in the market in Dresden .

Accusations

On April 19, 1585, Elector August received a letter from Doctors Andreas Paul, Hartmann Pistoris , David Peifer and Nikolaus Krell with the following content: A Balthasar Stübler had informed Duke Christian, the son of Elector August, that a farmer named Paul Rüdiger was resident at Gut Noschkowitz, which belongs to Taubenheim, and asked him to inform the Elector of his accusation of the Taubenheim's wife as a sorceress. The investigations into the accusation then showed that the accusation of Sophia von Taubenheim originated from last year, in which a petty criminal, a thief named Gregor Keller, who was captured by Taubenheim, said that Taubenheim had because of this The fact that his execution was postponed. Paul Rüdiger, on the other hand, has rumors of a Brosius Heintzschel, who was Gregor Keller's guard at the time. The witness Heintzschel later committed suicide.

Elector August

After these investigations, on April 20 the elector issued an order to the liege secretary Elias Vogel that it was “... H. v. T. can embroider himself in his house on our hand, but his wife sucks her servants and vf wehn the local dearest more I suppose what is said, and conceived is under arrest kegen Leißnig [to] [to] keep her differently … “The real reasons for this radical arrest of all those involved by the order of the elector are that Sophia the elector's accusation of magic touched on herself. Kilian Keller, the son of the thief Keller, then testified, "Frau Taubenhaimin would have said that Ir Junkers were des Churf (ürsten) next wheel, the Churf (ürst) wanted Inen no longer to have a court who the Churf (ürst) Inen no longer wants to hope so the Churf (ürst) should not keep his life, you want to cook Inen to death. ”In fact, Elector August was ill at the time of the trial of Sophia, as from his letter to Margrave Georg Friedrich of Brandenburg from July 1585.

Sophia von Zaschnitz

The von Zaschnitz people lived at Schnaditz Castle , a current district of Bad Düben , near the Wellaune plant , which was the historical focus of the then notorious Kohlhase terror. It was a Sophia von Zaschnitz who won the first trial against Hans Kohlhase in 1532. In 1536 her husband, the Junker von Zaschnitz, died, whose arbitrariness had triggered the Kohlhase'schen Handel. Sophia brought the trial to an end after her husband's death. The main witness Rüdiger first moved to Noschkowitz and bought a house from Taubenheim there. Since then he has been in a dispute with Taubenheim, who described him as "so resilient and stubborn again me". But other lawsuits from farmers also show that Taubenheim cracked down on them. They were in debt and lost their farms, which Taubenheim then took over. A clear case of peasant laying , which Elector August 1563 had banned. In any case, Taubenheim tried to keep Paul Rüdiger from giving testimony against his wife by taking his cows away, but he did not succeed, because the Elector's immediate return order was issued. On April 30th and between May 24th and 27th Paul Rüdiger and other people gave their testimonies.

Indictment against Sophia von Zaschnitz and Heidine Wiedemann

Sophia and her accomplice, named Heidine Wiedemann , were accused: Both of them had cooked a piece of cloth or leather from the Elector's trousers together with herbs in a pot, with Heidine muttering incomprehensible words. Sophia was further accused of harboring thieves, stealing stolen goods and of having committed fornication with Gregor Keller, one of the thieves, and various nobles. In the course of the investigation, however, these accessory charges only take an alternative position. On May 24th, Sophia made the first amicable statement at the Meissen Castle . She confessed nothing, just like in the second amicable interrogation on June 30th in Dresden . When the Leipzig Schöppenstuhl received a judgment on July 1 that contained the embarrassing questioning, the first testimony was made on the same day as torture . The resulting statement immediately resulted in the death sentence of the Schöppengericht. But Sophia revoked it. But the evidence from the confession of the co-defendant Heidine Wiedemann was overwhelming. Even the ruse, a faked pregnancy that Taubenheim had invented, did not save her from further torture, which Elector August personally instructed that it should be carried out sharply . The torture carried out afterwards is described in the following excerpt from a letter dated July 13th, which deals with the time of the execution: “... but as far as the captive sorceress is concerned, tomorrow it should be very bright because she is starting to rot while she is alive will. ”Sophia incriminated the numerous witnesses, of whom Taubenheim informed August in a petition on June 19 that they were“ those much frivolous loose people ”, among whom he emphasized Kilian Keller by name.

Verdict and execution

A petition to refuse their statements was not granted. The Leipziger Schöppen again decided on the death penalty by the sword. Neither the attempts of the relatives, who wrote petitions to the Electress Mother Anna , nor Taubenheim's desperate attempts to soften the sentence were heard. On the contrary, the elector personally urged that the execution be carried out as quickly as possible. On July 23, 1585 Sophia was executed on the market in Dresden , one day later as Heidine Wiedemann, but she was executed by fire, by the sword. A will from Sophia about her clothes, jewelry and money was sent to the elector. At the end of August 1585, von Taubenheim tried to get this will back from the elector in order to fulfill the last will of his dearly beloved wife, as some letters during the time of her imprisonment show.

prehistory

The area in and around Noschkowitz is ancient cultivated land. Neolithic finds from the time of band ceramics were found mainly in Rittmitz, including shoe last wedges , flint blades , drill cores and the foot of a vessel. East of the Noschkowitz wood in the direction of Kattnitz, the cut part of a Neolithic cleaver was found at Vogelherd in 1994 . This is currently the oldest evidence of human activity in this region. On parcel 179 of the Noschkowitz district between Rittmitz and Kattnitz, several vessels and small remains of bones were discovered in 1958 during earthworks at the local quarry, which were dated to the Bronze Age as a cremation cemetery . Following the Rittmitzer Bachlauf, further west there are indications of a settlement from the Young Bronze Age and the ceramic finds excavated in the area between the Kattnitz - Noschkowitz road and west-northwest of the stone barn in 1994 suggest an Iron Age settlement.

Albertus de Nussacuwiz (1239)

In 1239, Albertus de Nussacuwitz was the first to mention the manor house.

From Honsberg (1264)

In 1350 the manor Noschkowitz belongs to the fief of the Meissen diocese . The owners of the fief were the Lords of Honsberg. The Honsbergs came from Freiberg , had risen to the minor nobility and were in the service of the Saxon sovereign, which allowed them to claim the right to be buried in the Meissen Cathedral .

By Kertzsch (1370–1568)

The noble von Kertzsch family came from the lower nobility and had their hereditary burial in the Buch monastery . Gotzsch von Kertzsch was the governor of Oschatz and Leisnig .

History of use of the castle

Coat of arms of the von Taubenheim family

From Taubenheim (1568–1587)

Hans von Taubenheim was the owner of the north-east wing that is visible today . His father studied in Leipzig, where he was initiated in the summer semester of 1504; as a member of the visitation commission, he was given the task of checking the church accounts. Hans von Taubenheim was related to Katharina von Bora and friends with Luther . As a result, he was particularly qualified as electoral state rent master for accounting. In 1532 he appears in the documents as a bailiff at Leisnig . Von Taubenheim held the office of state rentmaster together with that of an electoral council in 1541. Margaretha is named as his wife in 1538 and Sabina in 1541. Presumably it was his son Hans who bought Noschkowitz. In 1574 , a pastor Wolfgang Schlitterlau from Lommatzsch worked on Noschkowitz due to a special permit from Elector August . Schlitterlau was ordained by D. Caspar Eberhardt zu Wittenberg . The alliance coat of arms at the entrance to the castle contains the following inscription: “ Hans von Taubenheim Churfürstlicher Hofrat & Sophia von Taubenheim born. v. Zaschnitz 1574 ". Another alliance coat of arms with the same content is attached to the Wendelstein. The left coat of arms represents the family coat of arms of the von Taubenheim family. On the left part of the split coat of arms, a lion can be seen in the upper part of the crest. This lion embodies the Miles Christi . The coat of arms on the right is the coat of arms of the von Zaschnitz crowned with gold and a helmet decorated with a cock's plume. This helmet should be a Spangenhelm . A two-headed roch (springer) is visible on the shield , angled with three stalked clover leaves. The Rocher von Zaschnitz is said to point to astute thinkers and bold strategists. Both sides of the coat of arms are framed by the leaves of the acanthus plant's thistle-like leaves . Taubenheim did not play a decisive role in the events surrounding the crypto-calvinists . Nevertheless, the suspicion of tensions between the untouched councilors and the cryptocalvinists around Elector August remains , as the later Chancellor Nikolaus Krell was a co-signatory of the complaint against von Taubenheim and religious connections between the Taubenheim and Wittenberg existed in the form of Ordinarius Eberhardt. Philipp Melanchthon's son-in-law Caspar Peucer , also based in Wittenberg, was instrumental in uncovering the deviations in the sacramental rite of the church services changed by the cryptocalvinists. After the tragedy surrounding the execution of his wife Sophia (see above) and the loss of his position as state rent master, he sold the castle to Johann Lauterbach.

From Lauterbach (1587–1604)

In 1587, the Heldrungen governor Johann Lauterbach (* 1550; † around 1616), son of the Saxon state rent master Barthel Lauterbach , Schosser zu Chemnitz and bailiff zu Nossen (* 1515 from Löbau ; † October 1, 1578 Gersdorf) acquired the property. Lauterbach was considered an excellent lawyer and poet. In his writings he equated the fight against the Turks with the confrontation with the papacy. He was a pupil of Philipp Melanchthon and Caspar Peucer , experienced St. Bartholomew's Night in 1572 and fled with Franciscus Hotomanus and Hugo Donellus via Heidelberg to Padua . After returning from Italy he lived lonely on Noschkowitz until his death, where he wrote poems that first appeared in 1591.

From the Sahla (1604–1667)

In 1622 two generations of the ancient Saxon nobility followed with Hans Leupold von der Sahla (* 1570) as owner (Heinrich zu Sahla first mentioned in 989). Hans Leupold von der Sahla came from Upper Lusatia and was married to Dorothea von Schleinitz . The von Sahla family died out in the 19th century.

Coat of arms of those of Lüttichau

of Liège (1667–1775)

The von Lüttichau , Stauchitzer line followed as owners from 1667 to 1775 . The von Lüttichau were predominantly chamberlains. The penultimate descendant, Hans Heinrich, shot himself on April 13, 1762 after 6 p.m. on Noschkowitz in the evening due to depression and enormous losses in the war. In his farewell letter to Zedel , he wished that his body would be buried under a fruit tree in the garden of Noschkowitz Palace, which then happened. With the later death of his brother Wolfgang Benjamin on May 23, 1796 in Wermsdorf, the Stauchitz line of those from Lüttichau died out.

Meeting of the “Fruitful Society”; Engraving by Peter Isselburg .

From Weidenbach (1775–1805)

In 1775, Noschkowitz sold the last Stauchitzer from Lüttichau to Wolf Abraham Leberecht von Weidenbach, who was also a royal chamberlain. Weidenbach was a member of the Fruit Bringing Society (societas fructifera), the largest literary group in the Baroque era. On September 22nd, 1778 his son Hans August Wilhelm was born to him and his wife Rahel Eleonore, daughter of Mr. Michael Glob Buchern, Electoral Saxon Chamber Commissioner in Dresden , who later lost his father's property due to inability and mismanagement and was confused in Dresden in 1805 died.

Krause - Ruppold (1813–1844)

Next, a bourgeois, Johann Christian Gottlob Kopp from Schweta, bought the goods in 1805, but soon sold them in 1814 to Christian Gottlieb Krause, a businessman in Mittweida , who in turn bought them to his stepson, Carl Gustav Adolf Ruppoldt, also a businessman in Mittweida , left. He and his wife died childless in November 1836.

Monument to the majorate owner Albert von König on Noschkowitzer Holz

von König (1844–1913)

On his deathbed, Carl Gustav Adolf Ruppoldt had the goods his sister Miss Amalie Augusta writers from my Testament Oschatz bequeathed which is Saxon Royal in 1844 with the Appelationsrat , Gustav Friedrich Theodor King to Leipzig married and the same after leaving their inherited estates. Von König was a member of the Competence Commission and the Saxon Ministry of Culture as a member of the Higher Appeal Council and revised the draft of a civil code in Saxony . In the years 1844–1913 Albert was from King Major a. D. Majority owner . Some keystones on the cavalier houses bear his initials. Albert von König had the Noschkowitz wood converted into an English landscape park . At the most beautiful spot, far from the estate, he had a small chapel built shortly before his death , in which he was buried in 1913.

Von Dittrich (1913–1932)

In 1913 Albert von König's nephew, Werner von Dittrich, inherited the majorate . At that time the manor Noschkowitz was under the administration of Mr. Hans von Lüders, who lived in the castle on the second floor above the castle entrance. Economy and buildings were run down by this owner. In the stables there was only a cow, which was milked by a housekeeper living in the cavalier's house, and two horses spared by the bailiff to ensure that the fire truck with hand pump operation in front of the gate could be pulled out and used in the event of a fire.

Ilse and Walter Uhlemann in the garden of Noschkowitz Castle around 1933

Uhlemann (1932–1945)

The last civil manor and castle owner - before the Second World War - was Walter Uhlemann. The Uhlemann's were a well-known farmer family in Saxony, which through their blood connection to the important Oschatz family Gadegast and above all through the agricultural and political work of their great-grandfather Magnus Guido Uhlemann , who decisively shaped the face of the region from Oschatz to Mügeln to Döbeln . The grandfather owned the family estate as well as a lime works in Görlitz near Schrebitz , which he and his wife Clara Auguste, née Hanns in Pulsitz near Ostrau , developed into a model agricultural economy. Walther Uhlemann was born on May 17, 1898 in the Niedergrauschwitz manor near Mügeln. From July 1898, his father, economist Arndt Uhlemann (* 1862 in Görlitz, † 1933 in Mügeln) leased the chamber property with Ruhethal Castle in Mügeln. Here Uhlemann and his older brothers Arndt jr. and Werner a carefree childhood and youth. After his release from the First World War and following the agricultural tradition of the Uhlemann family, he worked as a scholar on various manors in Saxony and Anhalt until 1922 . In 1924 he married Ilse Teschner, daughter of the board and director of the chemical factory Lipsia Mügeln . As early as 1923 he leased the Staucha manor in the Meissen district (retained until the land was expropriated in 1945), which he lived and managed with his wife Ilse and his three children until they moved to Noschkowitz in autumn 1933. Uhlemann acquired the manor Noschkowitz and the associated Kattnitz on May 25, 1932 at an auction in Döbeln from the then owner Werner von Dittrich. Uhlemann began a two-year comprehensive renovation of the property immediately after the auction. First the agricultural areas were made arable, because after all, 260  hectares of fields belonged to the manor. The forester Arno Koch, who lived in the half-timbered house in front of the farm buildings and was also employed as a gardener, took care of the 32 hectares of forest, primarily on the Noschkowitzer and Kattnitzer Flur. After the agriculture was up and running again, the last renovation of the ruinous structure started. All roofs were re-covered and central heating was installed. At the time of the auction, there was no chair left from the old interior. The Uhlemann family from Staucha brought the associated interior and equipment with them or acquired them. The daughter Sybille was born on July 13, 1934. The Zschaitz pastor Zacharias said at Sybille's house baptism in Noschkowitz on October 21, 1934 (mother's birthday) that she was the first girl to have been born in Noschkowitz Castle for 200 years and the first child for 100 years. With the advent of Uhlemann family founded by the father Ökonomierat Arndt and Kammergut Mügeln was cold-blood horse breeding with its own stallions introduced in Noschkowitz. Two stallion boxes were set up, one in the large farm building with stables and multi-storey feed floor, and one in the castle courtyard. A total of 38 horses with mares, 17 foals, two stallions and a pony were kept on average over the years . Furthermore 130 domestic cattle , 70 of them cows, the breed black and white dairy cattle , which was listed in the Dresden cattle herd book . The livestock with 200 sheep in the Kattnitzer sheep farm, 180 pigs , 15 of them breeding sows and 70 fattening pigs, 140 laying hens, 25 ducks and turkeys were also significant . And that with only 20 hectares of pasture area. In some of the fields, seeds were propagated, especially Ebersbacher Weißweizen and Svalöf's golden oats. The Uhlemann family lived in the entire palace building. Today's anteroom to the ballroom was the master's room with two seating niches, the vaulted ceiling of which was painted with symbolic oak leaves and iron crosses based on motifs from the anteroom of the chapel. Next to the master's room on the pond side there was a hall with a concert grand piano, next to it the Biedermeier room with appropriate furnishings. The life of the domestic servants was mostly played out on the ground floor in the kitchen next to the entrance hall as well as the adjacent small lounge with corner benches, also for outside drivers and coachmen to stay and warm up. Food was consumed in the garden room. From here the family looked across the terrace into the garden to the large pond. A sure sign of progressive thinking at the Uhlemanns was their openness to modern technology. For example, on the cemented manure yard with a three-chamber manure pit underneath, a huge steel manure crane from Beck and Henkel, Kassel, with an electric drive, was set up in an exemplary manner to stack the manure that arises in the individual cattle sheds and to load it more easily when it is exported to the fields to be able to. Newly purchased mower binders , pulled by the tractor, were used during the harvest, which made the heavy field work much easier. The team leaders and helpers came from the region. The Uhlemanns' smart and forward-looking economy generated income that no one in Noschkowitz had seen before. The regulatory influence of the agricultural administration of the "Third Reich" with the Reichsnährstand , local farmer leaders and district authorities often made the private business management more difficult. When the Second World War began and Rittmeister a. D. Uhlemann, who was drafted to France for military service , took full responsibility for the housewife Ilse, who, in addition to her four children, now had to run the entire business with the administrator and the workforce. The war and forced economy required new measures to maintain good yields in the barn and in the fields, as well as to meet the tax target. To improve the feed supply, due to the failure of imported protein feed such as fish meal and soy meal , a large machine beet leaf washer was purchased and set up in autumn next to the horse trough (a walled basin with water flow) on the large farm. Most of the beet leaves washed with it were placed in drivable cement silos behind the cowshed to prepare silage for winter feeding. Some of them were driven by horse and cart to the cooperative potato flake factory in Mügeln, founded by economist Arndt Uhlemann at the end of the 1920s, where they were dried, chopped and then driven back to Noschkowitz. The chaff was stored on the fodder floor and then mixed with the crushed fodder grain. The same procedure was used for young green alfalfa and protein-rich potato varieties. Prisoners of war were assigned to the farms as replacements for harness handlers and male assistants who were called up for military service. First came French, then Poles and Serbs. One of these Serbs stayed in Noschkowitz for a long time and only returned home to what was then Yugoslavia well after the end of the war . In March 1945, a group of 18 Hungarian and Romanian Jewish women who had escaped from a concentration camp , including doctors, teachers and a young Dutchman, completely exhausted and ragged, asked for help in the castle. Ms. Ilse Uhlemann, disregarding her own risk in the Nazis' state system, which was still functioning, put them in a makeshift wooden barn on the potato rental space behind Koch's apartment. They were fed, initially hidden and taken to the fields as workers to plant potatoes at the end of April. The whole farm was full of horse rides with families from Silesia and the Noschkowitz residents, at that time all busy with themselves, could not or would not take in the refugees. Uhlemann survived the American captivity and returned home in April 1945. But the Soviets again took him to Russian camps. The Communist Party of Germany (KPD) made an appeal on June 11, 1945 under the motto: Junkerland in peasant hands - Now we are going to root out the weeds! . This was followed by the looting of the castle, as everywhere in the region. The Uhlemann family was expropriated on the basis of the ordinance issued by the Province of Saxony on September 3, 1945 . Not only the land with the real estate on it was expropriated, but also the entire inventory, including the cattle that were still there. The land registers and real estate entries showing the family as the owner were blackened out in the summer and autumn of 1946 by order of the central authorities. Fortunately, Uhlemann survived the Soviet imprisonment, which he had to survive after several months of imprisonment in the notorious prison camp in Mühlberg / Elbe , in various camps near Moscow as far as the Crimea , and came home completely exhausted via Frankfurt (Oder) on November 27, 1949 . Due to the expulsion from the district , he was not allowed to return to Noschkowitz. The family had settled down in the in-laws' house in Mügeln since December 1945. Uhlemann then made his way through life as a beet cultivation advisor at the Oschatz sugar factory and as a taxi driver. He ran horticulture and small animal breeding with the family on the property there, selling strawberries to Chemnitz . His wife Ilse had already taken care of the family with energy and prudence with a business license for embroidery and taxi operations. Ilse Uhlemann died on January 6, 1988 at the age of 85 in Mügeln. Her husband Walther Uhlemann died at the age of 95 ½ on November 20, 1993 in Mügeln. He had never set foot in Noschkowitz again.

A series of stamps from the Soviet occupation zone dated December 8, 1945 and the imprint: Junkerland in peasant hands

Public property

116 hectares of the former private property of the Uhlemann family were distributed to so-called new farmers. 140 hectares remained with the newly founded nationally owned Gutes Noschkowitz, which merged with the nationally owned Gut Beicha in 1970. The Volksgut continued the horse and pig breeding that Uhlemann had started. In 1990 the state-owned estate was dissolved and the Treuhandanstalt took over the agricultural land and leased it to external companies and contractors.

Bachmann

The Austrian family around Raimund and Sylvia Bachmann acquired the castle from the Treuhand in 1999 as part of an auction, without the associated agricultural land.

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literature

  • Cornelius Gurlitt : Noschkowitz. In:  Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 25th booklet: Office governance Döbeln . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1903, pp. 172-174.
  • Sylvia Mühlberg: Noschkowitz Castle. In: Monument in the district of Döbeln. Issue 3, Döbeln 2001.
  • Melanie Mai: A witchcraft trial in the courtly environment. The case of Sophia von Taubenheim (1585) in the context of the witch hunt in Electoral Saxony. In: Dresdner Hefte. Contributions to cultural history, No. 107, Dresden 2011, pp. 14–23.

Web links

Commons : Schloss Noschkowitz  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gunter Bergmann: Small Saxon Dictionary. Reclam, Leipzig, 1995, ISBN 3-15-021520-X .
  2. ↑ Cornelius Gurlitt: Noschkowitz. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. Meinhold & Sons, Dresden 1903, p. 172.
  3. ^ A b Sylvia Mende: Noschkowitz. Old walls are a mystery. In: Sächsische Zeitung, Döbelner Anzeiger. Döbeln, February 15, 2007, p. 16.
  4. ^ Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden, Oeder sheet 229.
  5. ↑ a b Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden (SächsHSTA DD), LOC 9690, Sophien von Taubenheimin committed violations. This was followed by a judgment and the execution of 1584/85 .
  6. ↑ Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden (SächsHSTA DD), LOC 9718/7, had asked him where the pigeon home, the whore, was, he knew that he had been stolen by her .
  7. ↑ Saxon Central State Archive Dresden (SächsHSTA DD), LOC 9690, letter Geheime- and councilors Dr. Pistoris and Krell of June 29, 1585.
  8. ↑ Saxon Central State Archive Dresden (SächsHSTA DD), LOC 9690, Elector August letter to the Lehnsekretär Elias Vogel of 20 April 1585th
  9. ↑ Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden (SächsHSTA DD), LOC 9691, customers and testimony, Hansen's wife captured by Taubenheim zu Noschkowitz. 1585 , testimony of other people from May 24th to 27th, 1585.
  10. ↑ Saxon Central State Archive Dresden (SächsHSTA DD), LOC 9690, Inquisition contra of Taubenheim , pigeons home to Duke Christian of 11 May 1585th
  11. ↑ Saxon Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden (SächsHSTA DD), LOC 9690/10, Articul which Sophia v. Taubenheim zu Meissen was held for May 24th, 1585 ... thievery, fornication, magic ... in all a hundred devil's name ... so that the heart burns in the body.
  12. ↑ Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden (SächsHSTA DD), LOC 9691/1, Sophien v. Taubenheim amicable statement.
  13. ↑ Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden (SächsHSTA DD), LOC 9690/6, when reading the heathen statement to her, she says the devil should fetch her if she knew about it.
  14. ↑ Saxon Central State Archive Dresden (SächsHSTA DD), LOC 9690/6, letter Geheime- and councilors to Elector August from July 1, 1585th
  15. ↑ a b Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden (SächsHSTA DD), LOC 9691, customers and testimony….
  16. ↑ Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden (SächsHSTA DD), LOC 9691/3 Indica of the accused cooking of the old heidine statement.
  17. ↑ Saxon Central State Archive Dresden (SächsHSTA DD), LOC 9690, Sophia of Taubenheimin begangne ....
  18. ↑ Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden (SächsHSTA DD), LOC 9690/9 when she was dressed hard and ... hung, she admits.
  19. ↑ Saxon Central State Archive Dresden (SächsHSTA DD), LOC 9690, Inquisition contra ... , letter Dresdner Office Schösser of pigeons home on August 25, 1585, letters pigeons home to counts, governors and councilors to Dresden from 27 August 1585th
  20. ↑ Manfred Wilde: The sorcery and witch trials in Saxony. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2003, ISBN 3-412-10602-X , p. 303, ( books.google.de )
  21. ↑ State Office for Archeology Dresen, Findkartei DD TK 1208-134, Kattnitz district.
  22. ↑ State Office for Archeology Dresen, DD index card index monuments No. 3, Noschkowitz district.
  23. ↑ State Office for Archeology Dresen, Findkartei DD Findkartei monuments No. 2, district Noschkowitz.
  24. ↑ Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden (SächsHSTA DD), document requests (Volume I: 948–1300), No. 800, document requests (Volume I: 948–1300), No. 804 Transfer of the property "Mylenkwitz".
  25. ↑ Karlheinz Blaschke , Susanne Baudisch: Historical place directory of Saxony. Leipziger Universitätsverlag, 2006, ISBN 3-937209-15-8 .
  26. ^ Matthias Donath: The grave monuments in the cathedral to Meissen. Leipziger Universitätsverlag, Leipzig 2004, ISBN 3-937209-45-X , p. 39 ff. ( Books.google.de ).
  27. ↑ Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden (SächsHSTA DD), CD Sax. Reg., Hochstift Meißen p. 445 Kertezsch, Kertsch, Benisch (1453) III. 115 - Christoff, Cristoffil III. 202 204 206 Gotsche, kurf. Vogt (1453-1471) III. 111: 112: 114. 115 '204' 206 Guntter III. 210 Hans III. 115 Jacobus, mag. 204 206, John III 204 206.
  28. ↑ Jens Kunze: The Leisnig office in the 15th century. Constitution. Economy. Everyday life. Leipziger Universitätsverlag, Leipzig 2007, ISBN 978-3-86583-027-2 , p. 96 ff. ( Books.google.de ).
  29. ↑ Narrative of Royal Saxon vereins for research and conservation of patriotic antiquities. Weinhold and Sons, Dresden, 1854, pp. 70 ff. ( Books.google.de ).
  30. ^ D. Albrecht Thoma: Katharina von Bora. Echo Library, 131 High St. Teddington Middlesex TW11 8 HH, ISBN 1-4068-3221-9 , p. 70 ( books.google.de )
  31. ↑ Dr. Johann Konrad Irmscher: Dr. Martin Luther's mixed up German writings. Verlag von Heyder and Zimmer, Frankfurt / Main and Erlangen, 1853, p. 217, ( books.google.de ).
  32. ^ Announcements of the history and antiquity association in Leisnig. 1. Issue, Leisnig, 1886, p. 37 ff.
  33. ↑ Chronik der Parochie Zschaitz, unv. Transcript Chronik Lantzsch. Döbeln city archive.
  34. ^ Johannes Herrmann, Günther Wartenberg, Christian Winter: Political correspondence of the Duke and Elector Moritz of Saxony. Fifth volume. January 9, 1551 to May 1, 1552 Akademie Verlag, Leipzig 1998, ISBN 3-05-003086-0 , p. 925, ( books.google.de )
  35. ↑ Lauterbach, Johann. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 16, Leipzig 1737, column 1203.
  36. ^ Lausitzisches Magazin, or collection of various treatises and news. Johann Friedrich Fickelscherer, Görlitz 1768, p. 172, ( books.google.de )
  37. ↑ Dr. Friedrich Albert von Langenn: Annals of the Kgl. Saxon Higher Appeal Court in Dresden. Volume 1. Verlag der Roßbergschen Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1860, p. 15 ff. ( Books.google.de ).
  38. ^ Elvira Döscher, Wolfgang Schröder : Saxon Parliamentarians 1869–1918. The deputies of the Second Chamber of the Kingdom of Saxony in the mirror of historical photographs. A biographical handbook (= photo documents on the history of parliamentarism and political parties. Volume 5). Droste, Düsseldorf 2001, ISBN 3-7700-5236-6 , p. 481.
  39. ↑ Michael Kind: Brigitte Hähnel-Uhlemann tells the story of the family villa that has been in Mügeln since 1905. From chamber property tenants and rifle festival. In: Leipziger Volkszeitung, Oschatzer Allgemeine. Oschatz, April 25, 2006, p. 14.
  40. ^ Free State of Saxony, Saxon State Office for Agriculture: On the development of pig breeding and production in the state of Saxony 1850–2000. In: Series of publications by the Saxon State Agency for Agriculture. Issue 1, 2003, p. 47 and 51, smul.sachsen.de  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF, 2.52 MB, accessed June 13, 2011).@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.smul.sachsen.de  
  41. ↑ Thomas Sparrer: Concept presented - TLG negotiates with prospective buyers for Noschkowitz Castle. Hotel, gastronomy and sport. In: Leipziger Volkszeitung, Döbelner Allgemeine. Döbeln, January 21, 1999, p. 18.
  42. ↑ Thomas Staudt: Goat herd takes care of garden monument maintenance at Noschkowitz Castle in its own way. The hair from the head. In: Leipziger Volkszeitung, Döbelner Allgemeine. Döbeln, July 8, 2005, p. 19.

Coordinates: 51 ° 11 ′ 20.4 "  N , 13 ° 8 ′ 24.6"  E