Voiceless alveolar vibrant
IPA mark | r̥ |
---|---|
IPA number | |
IPA character description | Latin minuscule r with a circle below |
Unicode | U + 0157 (r̩) |
HTML (dec.) | & # 343; |
X-SAMPA |
r_0
|
Kirshenbaum |
|
In phonetics, an unvoiced alveolar vibrant describes an unvoiced, consonantic vibrating sound that is formed on the upper tooth dam (the bulge behind the upper incisors), the alveolar process . To do this, the tip of the tongue touches the upper dental dam and is made to vibrate by the air flowing over it. In contrast to its voiced counterpart , it appears in very few languages and is characterized by an audible breath.
Realization in various languages
Phonetic and orthographic realization of the voiceless alveolar vibrant in different languages:
- The Icelandic addition to a voiced / r / also has a voiceless. This is spoken by some speakers as a voiceless flap . The spelling is <hr> (see also Icelandic pronunciation ).
- Example: hr afn [ˈr̥apn̥] 'raven'
- In Mokschanic , voiced and unvoiced / r / exist as separate phonemes. In addition, there is a voiced and an unvoiced palatal r, so that the language has four r-phonemes.
- In Welsh there is a voiced / r / as well as a voiceless one, which is represented in writing with <rh>. The pronunciation is usually accompanied by a clearly audible breath.
- Example: rh an [ r̥an ] 'part'
See also
Pulmonary consonants according to IPA (2005) |
bilabial |
labio- dental |
dental | alveolar |
post- alveolar |
retroflex | palatal | velar | uvular |
phase- ryngal |
glottal | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
stl. | sth. | stl. | sth. | stl. | sth. | stl. | sth. | stl. | sth. | stl. | sth. | stl. | sth. | stl. | sth. | stl. | sth. | stl. | sth. | stl. | sth. | ||
Plosives | p | b | t | d | ʈ | ɖ | c | ɟ | k | ɡ | q | ɢ | ʔ | ||||||||||
Nasals | m | ɱ | n | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ | ɴ | ||||||||||||||||
Vibrants | ʙ | r | ʀ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Taps / flaps | ⱱ | ɾ | ɽ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Fricatives | ɸ | β | f | v | θ | ð | s | z | ʃ | ʒ | ʂ | ʐ | ç | ʝ | x | ɣ | χ | ʁ | H | ʕ | H | ɦ | |
lateral fricatives | ɬ | ɮ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Approximants | ʋ | ɹ | ɻ | j | w ¹ | ||||||||||||||||||
lateral approximants | l | ɭ | ʎ | ʟ | |||||||||||||||||||
¹ The labialised variant [ w ] was inserted here as a voiced velar approximant ( half vowel ) instead of the non-labialised variant [ ɰ ]. |
Individual evidence
- ^ EFK Körner: A Minor Figure in 19th-Century French Linguistics: A. Dufriche-Desgenettee. In: Hans-Josef Niederehe, Harald Haarmann (Ed.): In Memoriam Friedrich Diez. Benjamin, Amsterdam 1976, ISBN 90-272-0891-3 , pp. 357-360, p. 359.