Why are you sad, my heart
| Bach cantata | |
|---|---|
| Why are you sad, my heart | |
| BWV: | 138 |
| Occasion: | 15th Sunday after Trinity |
| Year of origin: | 1723 |
| Place of origin: | Leipzig |
| Genus: | cantata |
| Solo : | S, A, T, B |
| Choir: | S, A, T, B |
| Instruments : | Oboe d'amore; Str; BC |
| text | |
| unknown | |
| List of Bach cantatas | |
Why are you sad, my heart ( BWV 138) is a sacred cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach . He composed it in Leipzig in 1723 for the 15th Sunday after Trinity and performed it there for the first time on September 5th, 1723. The cantata contains elements of a choral cantata , but was created a year earlier than Bach's second year of cantatas, which consists of choral cantatas.
Origin and Words
In his first year in Leipzig, Bach wrote the cantata for the 15th Sunday after Trinity and performed it on September 5th, 1723. The prescribed readings are Gal 5,6–10 LUT and Mt 6,24–34 LUT , the request from the Sermon on the Mount not to be of little faith. The melody and text of the chant (Nuremberg 1561), which is close to the gospel, were ascribed to Hans Sachs , but this seems unlikely, according to Albert Fischer's church songs dictionary (1878). In contrast to later choral cantatas, the cantata text is not based on the full chorale text. Only the first three of 14 stanzas are used for three movements of the cantata and contrasted by free poetry. The unknown poet contrasts the choral theme of trust in God with the anxious questions of individuals, emphasized by the contrast between the metrical verse in the chorale and the free meter in the numerous recitatives . A turning point from doubt to trust is reached in the only aria in the cantata.
Occupation and structure
The cantata is set for four soloists, soprano , alto , tenor and bass , four-part choir, two oboes d'amore , two violins , viola and basso continuo .
- Choral + recitative (alto): Why are you sad, my heart
- Recitative (bass): I am despised '
- Choral + recitative (soprano, alto): He cannot and will not let you
- Recitative (tenor): Oh sweet consolation
- Aria (bass, violin): My confidence is in God
- Recitative (alto): Hey now! So I want to rest very gently
- Chorale: Because you are my God and Father
The number of movements follows Alfred Dürr , others do not count the bass recitative as a movement.
music
Bach corresponds to the unusual text in the two movements, which contain chorale and recitative. The following applies to both: the violins open in every line of verse 1 to 3, then the oboes begin, oboe I with the chorale melody, oboe II with sigh motifs, then the tenor sings the chorale text as arioso , finally the chorus text and melody in four-part movement; this is followed by the recitative of the questioning individual part (alto in the first movement, soprano in the second), accompanied by strings. After the three lines have been treated in this way, lines 4 and 5 follow in the first movement in four parts. In the second movement, lines 4 and 5 are first carried out in an imitative choral movement over the melody of line 4, then a secco recitative leads to a repetition of the two lines, this time in four parts as in the first movement.
The only aria is in dance-like 6/8 time and is dominated by figurations of the first violin. The third stanza of the chorale as a four-part choir ends the cantata.
Bach used the aria as a template for the Gratias of his Mass in G major , BWV 236.
Recordings
- Bach Made in Germany Vol. 1 - Cantatas VII. Günther Ramin , St. Thomas ' Choir , Gewandhaus Orchestra Leipzig , soloists of the St. Thomas' Choir, Gert Lutze , Johannes Oettel . Eterna, 1953.
- The Bach Cantata Vol. 50. Helmuth Rilling , Gächinger Kantorei , Bach-Collegium Stuttgart , Arleen Augér , Ria Bollen , Aldo Baldin , Philippe Huttenlocher . Hänssler, 1978.
- JS Bach: With Fried and Freud. Philippe Herreweghe , Collegium Vocale Gent , Deborah York , Ingeborg Danz , Mark Padmore , Peter Kooij . Harmonia Mundi France, 1998.
- JS Bach: Cantatas Vol. 11. Masaaki Suzuki , Bach Collegium Japan , Midori Suzuki , Kai Wessel , Makoto Sakurada , Peter Kooij , BIS 1998
- JS Bach: Complete Cantatas Vol. 9. Ton Koopman , Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra & Choir , Caroline Stam , Bernhard Landauer , Christoph Prégardien , Klaus Mertens . Antoine Marchand, 1998.
- Bach Cantatas Vol. 8. John Eliot Gardiner , Monteverdi Choir , English Baroque Soloists , Malin Hartelius , William Towers , James Gilchrist , Peter Harvey . Recorded in the Liebfrauenkirche in Bremen . Soli Deo Gloria, 2000.
- Why are you sad my heart Rudolf Lutz , choir and orchestra of the JS Bach Foundation , Julia Sophie Wagner, Alex Potter, Makoto Sakurada, Wolf Matthias Friedrich . Christoph Wolff (reflection). DVD. Gallus Media, 2010.
literature
- Alfred Dürr : Johann Sebastian Bach: The Cantatas. Bärenreiter, Kassel 1999, ISBN 3-7618-1476-3
- Dietrich Kilian: "Bach Schallet, you songs", Vocal Score based on the Urtext of the New Bach Edition. 1965.
- Werner Neumann : Handbook of JS Bach's Cantatas , 1947, 5th edition 1984, ISBN 3-7651-0054-4
- Hans-Joachim Schulze: The Bach Cantatas: Introductions to all of Johann Sebastian Bach's cantatas . Leipzig: Evangelical publishing company; Stuttgart: Carus-Verlag 2006 (Edition Bach-Archiv Leipzig) ISBN 3-374-02390-8 (Evang. Verl.-Anst.), ISBN 3-89948-073-2 (Carus-Verl.)
- Christoph Wolff , Ton Koopman : The world of Bach cantatas . Verlag JB Metzler, Stuttgart, Weimar 2006, ISBN 978-3-476-02127-4
Individual evidence
- ↑ Chorale Melodies used in Bach's Vocal Works Why are you sad, my heart ( English ) bach-cantatas. 2006. Retrieved September 6, 2010.
- ↑ a b c Alfred Dürr: The cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach , Bärenreiter, 1971.
- ↑ John Eliot Gardiner : Cantatas for the Fifteenth Sunday after Trinity Our Love Women, Bremen ( English ) monteverdiproductions.co.uk. 2000. Archived from the original on July 28, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 6, 2010.
Web links
- Why are you grieving yourself, my heart, BWV 138 : Sheet Music and Audio Files in the International Music Score Library Project
- BWV 138 Why are you grieving yourself, my heart Text, structure and composition on the personal homepage of Walter F. Bischof at the University of Alberta
- Cantata BWV 138 Why do you grieve, my heart in bach-cantatas (English)
- Why are you sad, my heart on the Bach website
