Wohlenschwil

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Wohlenschwil
Wohlenschwil coat of arms
State : SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland
Canton : Kanton AargauKanton Aargau Aargau (AG)
District : to bathew
BFS no. : 4046i1 f3 f4
Postal code : 5512
Coordinates : 661 918  /  251513 coordinates: 47 ° 24 '41 "  N , 8 ° 15' 33"  O ; CH1903:  six hundred and sixty-one thousand nine hundred and eighteen  /  251513
Height : 374  m above sea level M.
Height range : 341-547 m above sea level M.
Area : 4.39  km²
Residents: 1598 (December 31, 2019)
Population density : 364 inhabitants per km²
Proportion of foreigners :
(residents without
citizenship ) 		18.3% (December 31, 2019)
Website: www.wohlenschwil.ch
View of Wohlenschwil

View of Wohlenschwil
Location of the municipality
Turgi Würenlos Deutschland Kanton Zürich Bezirk Bremgarten Bezirk Brugg Bezirk Laufenburg Bezirk Lenzburg Bezirk Zurzach Baden AG Baden AG Bellikon Bergdietikon Birmenstorf Ehrendingen Ennetbaden Fislisbach Freienwil Gebenstorf Killwangen Künten Mägenwil Mellingen AG Neuenhof AG Niederrohrdorf Oberrohrdorf Obersiggenthal Remetschwil Spreitenbach Stetten AG Turgi Untersiggenthal Wettingen Wohlenschwil Würenlingen WürenlosMap of Wohlenschwil
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Wohlenschwil ( Swiss German : ˈʋɔləʃˌʋiːl ) is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Aargau . It belongs to the Baden district , is located in the Reuss Valley and is known as the scene of the decisive battle in the Swiss Peasants' War of 1653. Today's community was created in 1906 through the merger of Wohlenschwil and Büblikon.

geography

The community consists of four settlements that grew together in the last quarter of the 20th century. The northernmost is Reuss Valley ( 348  m above sea level ) directly on the bank of the Reuss , further south follows Büblikon ( 359  m above sea level ), then the actual village of Wohlenschwil ( 374  m above sea level ) and finally Oberberg ( 415  m) above sea level ). The districts form a two-kilometer-long settlement band along a terminal moraine . This was created in the Würme Ice Age when the Reuss Glacier retreated and has numerous boulders . South of Oberberg it merges into the steep northern flank of the Wagenrain , a range of hills between the Reuss and Bünztal valleys .

The area of ​​the municipality is 439 hectares , of which 156 hectares are forested and 78 hectares are built over. The highest point is at 547 meters on the Haneberg, an elevation on the northern edge of the Wagenrain, the lowest at 346 meters on the Reuss. Neighboring communities are Birrhard and Birmenstorf in the north, Mellingen in the east, Tägerig in the southeast, Hägglingen in the southwest and Mägenwil in the west.

history

Wohlenschwil was probably founded between 700 and 800 as a farming settlement for Alamann immigrants, Büblikon probably between 600 and 700. Woleeswilare was first mentioned in a complaint from 893 . In this document, the Fraumünster in Zurich listed people from the lower nobility who had illegally appropriated taxes, including those from Wohlenschwil and the surrounding area. The place name comes from the Old High German Walaheswilari and means "Hofsiedlung des Walah"; Walah denotes a " Welschen " (Gallo-Roman) ancestor or presettler. Büblikon (as Buoblinchon ) was first mentioned in 1250.

Heroic depiction of the Battle of Wohlenschwil by Martin Disteli
Historic aerial photo by Werner Friedli from 1964

By the 13th century, the Counts of Kyburg rose to become the dominant power in Aargau. When the family died out, their possessions passed to the Habsburgs in 1273 . The Königsfelden monastery in Windisch was an important landowner in the High Middle Ages . In 1415 the confederates conquered Aargau. Wohlenschwil now belonged to the Free Offices , a common rule . The villages of Mägenwil, Büblikon and Wohlenschwil as well as the hamlet of Eckwil formed the Büblikon office, which was administered by a subordinate. In 1529 the population converted to the Reformation , but in 1531, after the defeat of the Reformed towns in the Second Kappel War, they had to accept the Catholic denomination again.

In 1653, the Swiss Peasants 'War broke out due to an economic crisis caused by the Thirty Years' War and increased claims to power by the “gracious gentlemen” . The center of the unrest was in Entlebuch and the Emmental . The poorly equipped peasant army with 20,000 men moved against Zurich and set up camp west of Mägenwil . The 9,000-strong troops of the Zurich authorities under General Konrad Werdmüller advanced from the east and occupied the town of Mellingen . On June 3, 1653, a battle broke out near Wohlenschwil, with the people of Zurich deliberately setting fires. Wohlenschwil burned down on four houses, including the church. The next day the peasant leaders Niklaus Leuenberger and Christian Schybi gave up and signed the "Mellinger Peace". The rebellious farmers were severely punished and all the destroyed buildings in Wohlenschwil and Büblikon were rebuilt at the expense of the warring towns.

In March 1798 the French took Switzerland and proclaimed the Helvetic Republic . Wohlenschwil and Büblikon were then communities in the short-lived canton of Baden , from 1803 they belonged to the canton of Aargau. On November 7, 1830, 3,000 to 4,000 people took part in a people's meeting in Wohlenschwil. Such popular days or rural communities , which took place in several cantons after the French July Revolution of 1830 , initiated regeneration . With the leading politicians Karl Rudolf Tanner and Johann Martin Geissmann one wanted to revise the restoration constitution without violence . This led to the first democratic constitution of the young canton of Aargau.

By 1850 the population more than doubled. Many residents became impoverished and were forced to emigrate overseas by the community of Wohlenschwil, which was struggling with financial worries. Büblikon, however, did not pursue an active emigration policy. In 1872 the National Railway announced that it would build a railway line in the immediate vicinity, at just the right time. Wohlenschwil and Büblikon participated in the share capital. The Zofingen – Wettingen railway line with the Reuss Bridge near Wohlenschwil began operations on September 6, 1877. But just a year later, the company had to file for bankruptcy. Although the two municipalities suffered less from the debt burden than the neighboring Mägenwil, this fiasco made itself felt in the municipal finances for decades. Not least because of this, both municipalities were merged against their will on January 1, 1906, following a resolution by the Aargau cantonal parliament.

For many decades the population of the merged municipality stagnated. Despite the nearby motorway, which was opened in 1970, building activity only began to increase from the mid-1980s. Wohlenschwil and Büblikon gradually grew together. In contrast to Mägenwil and Mellingen, there were no large industrial companies here, and there was no flat and sufficiently large industrial zone.

Attractions

View of Wohlenschwil from the Oberberg

The old church of St. Leodegar in the village center of Wohlenschwils originally dates from the 12th century. After the Peasants' War of 1653, the destroyed building was rebuilt, in 1742/43 it received its current baroque appearance and in 1830 the church tower was rebuilt. The building turned out to be too small, which is why the parish had a new church built in the neo-Romanesque style around 200 meters west of it in 1907/08 . The old church remained and has been a listed building since 1947. From 1955 to 1993 it housed the Swiss Farmers Museum, and has been used as a cultural center ever since.

The organically grown village center has largely been preserved to this day. The old church, the rectory and several buildings from the 18th and early 19th centuries are grouped around the spacious village square. On the eastern edge of the village is the "Lindenhof", which was built in 1793 as the country seat of the Wohlenschwiler Untervogts. A restaurant was set up in the early classicist gable building until 1862.

coat of arms

The blazon of the municipal coat of arms reads: "White musket with a yellow shaft and a white support fork with a yellow handle, overlaid by the yellow sun." The weapons recall the decisive battle of the Swiss Peasant War. The sun points to the Sunnenhübel, the place of the battle. The coat of arms was introduced in 1952 in view of the 300th anniversary of the battle.

population

The population developed as follows:

year 1799 1850 1900 1930 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2016
Residents 373 817 614 752 702 679 762 839 1068 1263 1434 1545

On December 31, 2019, 1598 people lived in the community of Wohlenschwil, the proportion of foreigners was 18.3%. In the 2015 census, 41.6% described themselves as Roman Catholic and 20.9% as Reformed ; 37.5% were non-denominational or of other faiths. 92.7% said German as their main language in the 2000 census , 1.1% Serbo-Croatian , 1.0% Italian and 0.8% French .

Politics and law

The assembly of those entitled to vote, the municipal assembly , exercises legislative power. The executing authority is the five-member municipal council . He is elected by the people in the majority procedure, his term of office is four years. The parish council leads and represents the parish. To this end, it implements the resolutions of the municipal assembly and the tasks assigned to it by the canton. The Baden District Court is responsible for litigation in the first instance . Wohlenschwil belongs to the Peace Judges' Circle V (Mellingen).

economy

According to the company structure statistics (STATENT) collected in 2015, there are around 320 jobs in Wohlenschwil, 17% of them in agriculture, 16% in industry and 67% in the service sector. Most of the employed are commuters and work in neighboring Mägenwil or in the Baden agglomeration . Until about 1930 Mägenwiler Muschelkalk was mined in a quarry south of Wohlenschwil , but the amount was much lower than in Mägenwil and the quality was much worse.

traffic

Wohlenschwil has good transport links. The community is located on Kantonsstrasse 268 between Mellingen and Lenzburg . Since 1930, through traffic has been running on a bypass road between Wohlenschwil and Büblikon. The highway connecting the A1 at Mägenwil is just a short drive away. Büblikon and Wohlenschwil are served by the post bus line from Mägenwil to Baden train station . On weekends there is a night bus from Baden via Wohlenschwil to Bremgarten .

education

The community has two school houses in which the kindergarten and primary school are housed. All upper levels ( district school , secondary school , secondary school ) can be attended in Mellingen . The closest grammar schools are the Baden Cantonal School and the Wettingen Cantonal School .

Personalities

literature

Web links

Commons : Wohlenschwil  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cantonal population statistics 2019. Department of Finance and Resources, Statistics Aargau, March 30, 2020, accessed on April 2, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Cantonal population statistics 2019. Department of Finance and Resources, Statistics Aargau, March 30, 2020, accessed on April 2, 2019 .
  3. ↑ a b Beat Zehnder: The community names of the canton of Aargau . In: Historical Society of the Canton of Aargau (Ed.): Argovia . tape 100 . Verlag Sauerländer, Aarau 1991, ISBN 3-7941-3122-3 , p. 476-478 .
  4. ^ National map of Switzerland, sheet 1090, Swisstopo.
  5. ↑ Standard area statistics - municipalities according to 4 main areas. Federal Statistical Office , November 26, 2018, accessed on June 1, 2019 .
  6. ↑ Bruno Schmid: People's Days. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  7. ^ Foundation Old Church Wohlenschwil
  8. ↑ Hoegger: The monuments of Canton Aargau, Volume VI: District Baden I. S. 458-472.
  9. ^ Joseph Galliker, Marcel Giger: Municipal coat of arms of the Canton of Aargau . Lehrmittelverlag des Kantons Aargau, book 2004, ISBN 3-906738-07-8 , p. 320 .
  10. ↑ Population development in the municipalities of the Canton of Aargau since 1850. (Excel) In: Eidg. Volkszählung 2000. Statistics Aargau, 2001, archived from the original on October 8, 2018 ; accessed on June 1, 2019 .
  11. ↑ Resident population by religious affiliation, 2015. (Excel) In: Population and Households, Community Tables 2015. Statistics Aargau, accessed on June 1, 2019 .
  12. ↑ Swiss Federal Census 2000: Economic resident population by main language as well as by districts and municipalities. (Excel) Statistics Aargau, archived from the original on August 10, 2018 ; accessed on June 1, 2019 .
  13. ↑ circles of justice of the peace. Canton of Aargau, accessed on June 19, 2019 .
  14. ↑ Statistics of the corporate structure (STATENT). (Excel, 157 kB) Statistics Aargau, 2016, accessed on June 1, 2019 .