Wulfsen
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 53 ° 18 ' N , 10 ° 9' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Lower Saxony | |
| County : | Harburg | |
| Joint municipality : | Salzhausen | |
| Height : | 22 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 8.43 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 1751 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 208 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 21445 | |
| Area code : | 04173 | |
| License plate : | WL | |
| Community key : | 03 3 53 042 | |
| Address of the municipal administration: |
Schulstrasse 43 21445 Wulfsen |
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| Mayor : | Gerd Müller ( CDU ) | |
| Location of the municipality of Wulfsen in the Harburg district | ||
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Wulfsen is a municipality in the Harburg district in Lower Saxony . It is located about 30 km south of Hamburg .
history
Six barrows on the Langenberg bear witness to the Bronze Age . An urn cemetery behind the old school and a hearth in the gravel pit on Rüschweg indicate settlement in the Iron Age . The valley of the Aubaches was evidently very settlement-friendly for the sedentary arable farmers and cattle breeders.
The excavation of 642 late Saxon graves with the horse burial of Wulfsen from the time from 700 to 900 AD northeast of the village finally made it clear that this area was possibly continuously inhabited. It was the time of Christianization by the Franks . The heathen were buried in a north-south direction, the Christians in an east-west direction. The horse graves in particular suggest that today's village of Wulfsen was created in the area of the earlier settlement.
The venerable Corvey Monastery , built by the Saxons in 822 as a counter-monastery to the Franconian Fulda , is the first documentary mention: Uuulfheristorpe, Nianthorpe and Pathihusen are named in the Corveyer Annals, which in addition to Wulfsen should also refer to Nindorf am Walde and Pattensen. After the Longobards withdrew around 350, this place could have got its name in the first Saxon settlement move. It remains to be seen whether a locator like the legendary "Ritter Wulf" was named after it. The name of the village changed over the years from Wulfheristorpe to Wulferslo and appears in the Landbederegister from 1450 as Wulfersen.
From April 19, 1945 Wulfsen was under British occupation. The integration of the refugees completely changed the structure of the place, which was until then purely agricultural. On August 8, 1946, a local council was set up, which was freely and democratically elected on November 28, 1947. On July 1, 1972, Wulfsen became a member of the Salzhausen joint municipality.
overview
| Until 1180 | Duchy of Saxony |
| until 1705 | Principality of Braunschweig-Lüneburg |
| 1714-1837 | Personal union between Great Britain and Hanover from George I to Wilhelm IV. |
| 1803-1813 | Commune Wulfsen in the canton Pattensen of the district of Lüneburg in the French Empire (briefly also Kingdom of Westphalia (Jérôme)) |
| 1814-1866 | Kingdom of Hanover |
| 1866-1918 | Kingdom of Prussia (from 1871 in the German Empire) |
| 1918-1933 | Weimar Republic |
| 1933-1945 | Third Reich |
| 1945-1947 | Two-zone administration (British occupation) |
| from 1947 | Lower Saxony |
| from 1949 | Federal Republic of Germany |
Population development
For a long time Wulfsen had 14 old sites, the mill and some shepherds' dwellings. In addition to the original seven Hufen (farms), whose arable land had to be laboriously cleared from the forest and heather that was already there at that time, the early Kötner (house numbers 8-14) were added around 950 as village craftsmen and part-time farmers. Outside the actual farming village was the Auemühle (No. 19), which possibly formed a separate village with three later Garstedt farms.
Since Christianization around 800 by the conquering Franks, the arable farmers and cattle breeders who were forced into bondage from freedom (hereditary tenants), but who were never serfs , had to give up a tenth of all vegetable and animal products to the church.
The churches were built after missionary work by monks of the Amorbach monastery in the Odenwald from 784–804 from the main town of Bardowick at a distance of about 18 km (bell sound and day trip) in well-known places - with half-timbered and thatched roofs .
Most of the farms were under the control of the Diocese of Verden since 849 , which donated the tithe between 1167 and 1180 to the church in Kirchwerder , which was founded in the new rift of the Elbe . It was not until 1892 that this chore was replaced by a large cash payment from the village. The legendary tradition, according to which the Wulfseners gave the pastor of Kirchwerder a tithing out of gratitude, because he was the only one willing to bless the plague dead, cannot be substantiated.
Complete and sufficiently precisely localizable lists of residents are available from the years 1594, 1616 and especially 1681 and 1725 (official camp books).
The whole village was destroyed by plundering Danish soldiers on June 21, 1627 during the Thirty Years' War .
The farm names, which are rarely used today and mostly unknown in their origins, were given to the sites around 1600.
In 1946 there were 965 residents in 165 apartments, more than a third of whom were refugees and evacuees.
In 1995 Wulfsen had 427 buildings and 1,368 inhabitants.
On December 31, 2005 Wulfsen had 1668 inhabitants and on December 31, 2016 = 1,746 inhabitants.
school
For a long time, Wulfsen and Bahlburg had a teacher who was often "fed around in a row". There has only been a village school since 1799.
The growing population forced new schools to be built. In 1876 the old building at Dorfstrasse 18 was replaced. In 1938 a new building was built on Schulstrasse. In 1964 the center school was set up in the Garstedt area , this was expanded in 1967 and received a sports hall in 1986.
Watermill
Before technology-savvy monks made mill construction known in Germany, there were only quernen (hand mills). On the fast-flowing Luhe and its tributaries, water mills with mostly undershot water wheels were built. The watermill in Wulfsen am Aubauch also had an undershot water wheel, which was replaced in 1905 by a standing Francis turbine from the Wetzig company from Wittenberg.
In 1305 a Henricus Molendinus (Heinrich Müller) from Wulfsen-Mühle became a citizen of the Hanseatic city of Lüneburg. There was probably a miller in Wulfsen before that, but the surnames did not arise until this time.
Because the growing territorial power demanded taxes, from 1450 the millers of the Wulfsener Mühle are listed by name in the Landbederegister.
In 1542, when the Prince of Lüneburg, as chief landlord, lent the mill to a Lüneburg salt squire, Lüdeke Tamken was the lease miller. While he was staying at his second mill in Bendestorf, Dietrich Schröder from Groß-Klecken strangled the "Müllersche and their Deern". Since he did not find the loot he had hoped for on the high edge , he rummaged through boxes and boxes (cupboards and chests) and finally set the mill and the accompanying Brink seat on fire.
In accordance with the strict laws of the time, he was "questioned amicably and embarrassingly interrogated" at the Pattensen district court and, by a unanimous decision, "promoted from life to death". As a deterrent, all adult residents of the court area had to attend the execution by the Winsen executioner on the Pattensener Galgenberg. The corpse remained hanging on the gallows so that the travelers on the military road that ran close by could also be warned.
In the early 17th century the Müller Möller were active there and also used the rights of the Bahlburg mill, which had been destroyed in the Thirty Years War.
Around 1690 Heinrich Vick was the mill leaseholder in Wulfsen, Bahlburg and Winsen / Luhe .
From 1698 the young miller family from Winsen sat as mill tenants on the Auemühle for four generations. In 1815 the centuries-old taxes (Prästanda) were replaced by the son-in-law Maack, who came from the Luhmühle, and he became heir miller. His earliest ancestor, who came to the Ashäuser mill as a miller in 1321, took its name from the place of origin Marclevessen ( Marxen ). Maack's direct heirs then owned the mill for another four generations until 1959.
First, flour and meal was ground on the only mill, then pearl barley and groats were peeled, oil was beaten, tan was pounded and foil was cracked. Later a second gear was built and finally a sawmill was added in 1895. From 1909 a generator was used to generate electricity for the village. In 1939 Wulfsen was connected to the network of Überlandwerke Nord-Hannover (today EWE).
The electricity drove the installation of private grist mills on the larger farms. With the freedom of trade, the mill compulsion also fell. As a result, many windmills were created all around: Ohlendorf , Brackel , Tangendorf , Garlstorf , Eyendorf . In the 60s the mill died out and the Wulfsener mill became unemployed.
River pearl fishing
It is interesting to note that Wulfsen, along with Toppenstedt and Bodenteich near Uelzen, was one of the three places in the Lüneburg Heath where an important river pearl fishery was carried out. In the Natural History Chronicle of Northwest Germany it is reported that it was first mentioned in 1671, and in 1706 292 "unripe" and 295 "ripe" pearls were delivered from these three locations by the sworn pearl fishermen. The holdings were apparently destroyed shortly afterwards, but between 1840 and 1870 they had recovered and there was a real "pearl fever". A pearl from Wulfsen is said to adorn the English crown.
railroad
An important event for Wulfsen was the opening of the Wittenberge – Buchholz railway on December 31, 1874. It connected Berlin via Wittenberge, Dömitz, Dannenberg (east), Lüneburg with Buchholz and created a new part of the village next to the old village and the mill. On July 20, 1906, the Winsen – Hützel railway was added (initially to Evendorf, from 1910 to Hützel).
A terrible railway accident at the level crossing in Wulfsen occurred on June 4, 1939. When a coach collided with a train, many Garstedt citizens died.
The railway bridge was destroyed during the war and replaced by a makeshift bridge on July 7, 1947.
On May 26, 1974, passenger traffic on the small train ended. The railway line is still used by the Osthannoversche Eisenbahnen AG (OHE) for freight transport.
On September 26, 1981, the last scheduled passenger train ran on the Lüneburg – Buchholz section. On May 1, 1989, the line was completely shut down and completely dismantled in 1999/2000 from the Jesteburg junction to Lüneburg. The route has been redesigned and removed from the traffic route plan.
politics
Municipal council
The council of the municipality of Wulfsen consists of 11 councilors.
| CDU | SPD | total | |
| 2011 | 6th | 5 | 11 seats |
Status: Local elections on September 16, 2016
Culture and sights
theatre
- Cultural meeting place for children and youth Wulfsen eV
music
- Singkreis Auetal (women's choir)
- MGV Liederkranz (men's choir founded in 1880)
Buildings
The sawmill of the watermill is a branch of the Kiekeberg open-air museum and can be visited.
Sports
- TSV Auetal
- Fishing community
Regular events
- Faslam (last weekend in January)
- Easter fire ( Holy Saturday )
- Eichhoffest (2nd Saturday in August)
Source reference
This article was based on a short version of the local history by Herbert Timm, Wulfsen, based on notes by Dr. Friedrich W. Reineke, Salzhausen.
literature
- Claus Ahrens: The horse grave of Wulfsen . Volume 38 of the information sheet, Helms-Museum, Hamburg Museum for Pre- and Early History, 1977
- Friedrich Laux: The axes and hatchets in Lower Saxony I (flat, edge strips and heel axes) . Stuttgart 2000, p. 113
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019 ( help ).
- ↑ Cf. Blazek, Matthias, "The embarrassing court order of Kaiser Karl V.", in ders .: Witch trials - Gallows mountains - Executions - Criminal justice in the Principality of Lüneburg and in the Kingdom of Hanover, Stuttgart 2006, p. 12, ISBN 3-89821-587- 3 .
- ^ Hamm, Fritz, Naturkundliche Chronik Nordwestdeutschlands, Landbuch-Verlag GmbH, Hanover 1976.
Appel | Asendorf | Bendestorf | Brackel | Buchholz in the north heath | Dohren | Drage | Drestedt | Egestorf | Eyendorf | Garlstorf | Garstedt | Gödenstorf | Halvesbostel | Handeloh | Hanstedt | Harmstorf | Heidenau | Hollenstedt | Jesteburg | Kakenstorf | Koenigsmoor | March shaft | Marxen | Moisburg | New Wulmstorf | Otter | Regesbostel | Rose garden | Salzhausen | Seevetal | Place | Tespe | Toppenstedt | Tostedt | Undeloh | Vierhöfen | Wave | Wenzendorf | Winsen (Luhe) | Wistedt | Wulfsen