San Gimignano
Comune di {{{name}}} | |
|---|---|
Location of {{{name}}}  | |
  Comune di {{{name}}} Location of {{{official_name}}} in Italy  Comune di {{{name}}} Comune di {{{name}}} (Tuscany) | |
| Coordinates: 43°28′N 11°03′E / 43.467°N 11.050°E | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Tuscany |
| Province | Siena (SI) |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Marco Lisi (since June 2004) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 138.6 km2 (53.5 sq mi) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 7,774 |
| Demonym | Sangimignanesi |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 53037 |
| Dialing code | 0577 |
| Patron saint | St. Geminianus |
| Saint day | January 31 |
| Website | www.comune.sangimignano.si.it |
| UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
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| Criteria | Cultural: i, iii, iv |
| Reference | 550 |
| Inscription | 1990 (14th Session) |
San Gimignano is a small walled medieval hilltop town in Tuscany, Italy, about a 35-minute drive northwest of Siena or southwest of Florence. It is mainly famous for its medieval architecture, especially its towers, which may be seen from several miles outside the town.
The town also is known for the white wine, Vernaccia di San Gimignano, grown in the area.
History
San Gimignano was founded as a small village in the third century BC by the Etruscans. Its historical records begin in the tenth century AD, when it adopted the name of the bishop, Saint Geminianus, who had defended it from Attila's Huns.
In medieval and Renaissance times, it was a stopping point for pilgrims on their way to Rome and the Vatican as it sits on the medieval via Francigena. The city's development also was boosted by the trade of agricultural products from the fertile neighbouring hills.
In 1199, during the period of its highest splendour, the city made itself independent from the bishops of Volterra. Divisions between Guelph and Ghibellines parties troubled the inner life of the commune, which nonetheless, still managed to embellish itself with artworks and architectures.
Saint Fina, known also as Seraphina and Serafina, was a thirteenth century Italian saint born in San Gimignano during 1238. Since Saint Fina died on March 12, 1253 her feast day became March 12. Her major shrine is in San Gimignano and the house said to be her home still stands in the town.
On May 8, 1300, San Gimignano hosted Dante Alighieri in his role of ambassador of the Guelph League in Tuscany.
The city flourished until 1348, when the plague that affected all of Europe, compelled it to submit to Florence. San Gimignano became a secondary centre until the nineteenth century, when its status as a touristic and artistic resort began to be recognized.
Main sights
In Italian medieval walled towns, rich families competed in the erection of high towers, which served as lodgings, fortresses, and prestige symbols. While in other cities, such as Bologna or Florence, most or all of their towers have been brought down due to wars, catastrophes, or urban renewal, San Gimignano has managed to conserve thirteen towers of varying height which have become its international symbol.
There are many churches in the town: the two main ones are the Collegiata, formerly a cathedral, and Sant'Agostino, housing a wide representation of artworks from some of the main Italian renaissance artists.
The Communal Palace, once seat of the podestà, is currently home of the Town Gallery, with works by Pinturicchio, Benozzo Gozzoli, Filippino Lippi, Domenico di Michelino, Pier Francesco Fiorentino, and others. From Dante's Hall in the palace, access may be made to a Majesty fresco by Lippo Lemmi, as well as the Torre del Podestà or Torre Grossa, 1311, which stands fifty-four meters high.
The heart of the town contains the four squares, Piazza della Cisterna, Piazza Duomo where the Collegiata is located, Piazza Pecori, and Piazza delle Erbe. The main streets are Via San Matteo and Via San Giovanni, which cross the city from north to south.
Culture
San Gimignano is the birthplace of the poet Folgore da San Gimignano (1270-1332).
A fictionalised version of San Gimignano is featured in E.M. Forster's 1905 novel, Where Angels Fear to Tread as Monteriano.
It is thought that the towers are the inspiration for the design of the campus of the University of Essex and of the residential colleges of Ezra Stiles and Morse at Yale University.
M. C. Escher's 1923 woodcut, San Gimignano, [1] depicts the celebrated towers.
Tea with Mussolini, a 1999 drama about the plight of English and American expatriates in Italy during World War II, was filmed in part at San Gimignano.
External links
- Pictures from San Gimignano in Polish
- San Gimignano history and architecture
- A Walk in San Gimignano
- ^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- ^ "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.