Friedrichsthal Office

The Friedrichsthal office was a royal Prussian office with its seat in Friedrichsthal (until 1697 the place was called Grabsdorf ). Friedrichsthal is now part of the city of Oranienburg in the Oberhavel district ( Brandenburg ). The office was formed in 1745 by splitting off from the Oranienburg office and was initially called Zehlendorf office . After the official seat in Zehlendorf (a district of the city of Oranienburg) burned down in 1763 , the official seat was moved to Friedrichsthal in the same year and the office was renamed to Amt Friedrichsthal in 1767. In 1819 the office was dissolved. The official villages and Vorwerke were distributed to the offices of Oranienburg, Alt Ruppin , Liebenwalde and Vehlefanz .

Geographical location

The area of ​​the office was not contiguous east and north of Oranienburg, in the Oberhavel district (Brandenburg). The Office of Oranienburg followed to the south and west. To the north and east was the Liebenwalde office .

History and associated villages

The history of the Friedrichsthal office basically begins with the rule of Bötzow. This small lordship emerged from the castle district of an Ascanic castle built around 1200 on the western bank of the Havel. To the south of it, the town of Bötzow probably emerged from a Slavic settlement. The castle and the fortifications around the small town were demolished in the 16th century. A castle district belonged to the castle and was under the jurisdiction of the castle bailiff. It was from 1350 to 1376 in the feudal possession of the Counts of Lindow-Ruppin . In 1402 it was conquered by Pomerania and the Ruppins. In 1404 Dietrich v. Quitzow recaptured and the W. v. Left to Holzendorf. In 1414 Frederick I withdrew from the v. Holzenburg the castle because of its support of the Quitzows. In 1421 the castle was in the possession of the v. Arnim, in 1429 she became the v. Arnims mortgaged again. In 1439 she became the v. Bredows pledged, in 1466 it was pledged by Count Günther von Mühlingen. It was not until 1485 that Elector Johann Cicero was able to finally buy it back; he converted the property into a sovereign office. It is very likely that the official area is only a part of the original castle district. In 1650, Elector Friedrich Wilhelm (the "Great Elector") conferred the office of his wife Luise Henriette of Oranien , who in 1652 had Bötzow Castle rebuilt and expanded and renamed it Oranienburg. As a result, the city of Bötzow changed its name to Oranienburg in 1653, and the Bötzow office was also renamed Oranienburg. In 1745, two smaller offices were split off from this large office, the office Bötzow with its seat in the former Kotzeband (which had adopted the name Bötzow in 1694) and the office Zehlendorf with its seat in Zehlendorf. In 1763 the official seat burned down there and the official seat was initially relocated to Friedrichsthal on an interim basis. In 1767 the name was changed to Amt Friedrichsthal; the old official seat in Zehlendorf was not rebuilt. In 1809 the office was sold to the Kur- and Neumärkischen estates; In 1816 it was bought back by the district government in Potsdam.

In 1819 the Friedrichsthal office was dissolved. The associated villages came z. Some went back to the Oranienburg office, other parts went to the Alt Ruppin , Liebenwalde and Vehlefanz offices .

• Beetz (today part of the city of Kremmen ). Even before 1397 the place and its accessories belonged to the family v. Talking . In 1654 they sold three quarters of the village to the Oranienburg office. In 1745 it went to the Amt Zehlendorf (called Amt Friedrichsthal from 1767) and after its dissolution in 1819 to the Amt Vehlefanz. In 1834 these three quarters found their way back to the Oranienburg office.
• Bernöwe (today a residential area of ​​the city of Oranienburg). The place belonged to Bötzow Castle (later Bötzow Castle) before 1350, from which it came to the Bötzow Office (or from 1652 Oranienburg Office). When the Oranienburg office was downsized in 1745, it was divided, part remained with the Oranienburg office, another part went to the Zehlendorf office (called Friedrichsthal from 1767), and after its dissolution in 1819, Friedrichsthal's share went to the Liebenwalde office.
• Buberow . The village had already come into the possession of the Lindow monastery before 1438. In 1541 the monastery was secularized and the monastery properties came to the Lindow office. In 1765, after the Lindow office was dissolved, it was incorporated into the Zehlendorf office, and in 1819 after the Friedrichsthal office was closed, it was assigned to the Alt Ruppin office. In 1846 the office ceded the place to the Zehdenick office .
• Freienhagen . In 1753 the colony and the leasehold farm in Freienhagen were established in the area of ​​the Zehlendorf office (later renamed to Friedrichsthal office). When the Friedrichsthal office was dissolved in 1819, Freienhagen came to the Oranienburg office.
• Friedrichsthal (today part of the city of Oranienburg). The medieval village was originally called Grabsdorf. It was not given its current name until 1701. The former round village was owned by the Bötzow castle or palace before 1350 and came to the Bötzow office in 1485 with the Bötzow rule. In the 17th century the Schulzengut became a dairy. From 1691 to 1697, the then Elector Friedrich III. build a pleasure and hunting lodge and some houses for servants. In 1697 the name was also changed to Friedrichsthal. In 1701 the elector, now as King of Prussia, Frederick I, bought the village, that is, he forced all farmers and cossettes to sell and put the land for dairy farms. At that time, 112 dairy cows were already being kept. In 1745 it was assigned to the Zehlendorf office. In 1752, 20 colonist families from Switzerland were set up in the now ruined castle and in the cavalier houses. In 1763 the official seat in Zehlendorf burned down and was relocated to Friedrichsthal Palace. In 1767 the name was also changed to Amt Friedrichsthal. After the Friedrichsthal office was dissolved in 1819, Friedrichsthal returned to the Oranienburg office. The Vorwerk Friedrichsthal was to be sold or leased on April 5, 1819. At that time it had 9 acres, 84 QR gardens, 633 acres, 33 QR fields, 275 acres, 42 QR meadows, 22 acres, 66 QR meadows in the field and 56 acres 49 QR useless land. This included a comfortable Wihnhaus built in a beautiful style.

• Friedrichthalsche Glashütte (today a residential area in the Sachsenhausen district of the city of Oranienburg). In 1790 the Friedrichsthaler Glashütte was established by relocating the Altglobsower Glashütte. In 1819 he came to the Oranienburg office. In 1830 the glassworks (including the police force) was sold. The hut closed in 1842. Later on, a manor district emerged, which was incorporated into Sachsenhausen around 1900. Since around 1950 the place has only been referred to as a glassworks.
• Glambeck (today part of the community of Löwenberger Land). Glambeck was still a village in 1348, but soon fell into desolation and was never repopulated. In 1574 the deserted Feldmark was used by the farmers of the neighboring towns. The field mark belonged to the Lindow Monastery even before 1530 and came to the Lindow Office in 1541. The Feldmark was occupied by 10 Swiss families in 1690 and the village was rebuilt. After the Lindow Office was dissolved in 1765, it became part of the Zehlendorf Office. When the Friedrichsthal office was dissolved, Glambeck came to the Alt Ruppin office in 1819.
• Greaves (now part of the community of Löwenberger Land). The village belonged to Lindow Monastery even before 1438 . From 1541 to 1765 it was administered by the Lindow Office, and in 1765 it came to the Zehlendorf Office. After the Friedrichsthal office was dissolved in 1819, it was assigned to the Alt Ruppin office.
• Hohenbruch (today part of the city of Kremmen). In 1701 the Hohe and the Lege Bruch were cut down by the Oranienburg office. Between 1711 and 1716 a colony of 18 families from Switzerland was established here by Oberjägermeister v. Hertefeld laid out in the Royal New Holland Forest. In 1745 the new place, which in 1757 already had 260 inhabitants, became part of the Zehlendorf district. When the Friedrichsthal office was dissolved in 1819, Hohenbruch was incorporated into the Vehlefanz office. In 1834, when the Vehlefanz office was dissolved, the place came back to the Oranienburg office.
• Hohenbruch lock (1817: Hohenbrucher lock ) (today a residential area in the Hohenbruch district of the city of Kremmen). In 1788 a lock keeper's house was built here.
• Johannisthal (today part of the municipality of Hohenbruch, a district of the city of Kremmen). The establishment was created around 1800 on official territory. When the Friedrichsthal office was dissolved, the place first came to the Vehlefanz office, and in 1834 to the Oranienburg office.
• Malz (today part of the city of Oranienburg). In 1704, 5 woodcutters were set up next to a tar stove in a wood that was part of the Bötzow castle or palace as early as 1350 and then belonged to the Bötzow office in 1485 (from 1652 the Oranienburg office). From 1714 colonist families were set up on the Malz. However, they seem to have left the place again. 1745 came the place to the office of Zehlendorf. In 1751 a new attempt was made by the settlement of 14 Büdner families. In 1753/4 3 establishments were built nearby on the Unter-Malz. In 1819, when the Friedrichsthal office was dissolved, Malz returned to the Oranienburg office.
• Nassenheide (now part of the community of Löwenberger Land ). In 1428, Margrave Johann assigned the village of Nassenheide to the Zehdenick monastery, with the exception of the services that went to the Neue Mühle. The services of the peasants were to be performed (at least later) at Bötzow Castle. In 1437, Margrave Friedrich II released the residents of the village of Nassenheide from all services for the period of reconstruction. From 1541/51 the village was administered by the Zehdenick Office. In 1652 the village came to the office of Bötzow / Oranienburg. When the Zehlendorf and Bötzow offices were split off, it was assigned to the Zehlendorf office, which was called Friedrichsthal from 1767. After this office was dissolved, it returned to the Oranienburg office in 1819.
• Neuholland (now part of the city of Liebenwalde). From 1659 the marshland west of Liebenwalde was settled by Klevian-Dutch colonists. 1705 the place was from the v. Hertefeld sold to the Elector, who placed it under the administration of the Office of Oranienburg. The Oranienburg office ceded the place in 1765 to the Zehlendorf and Friedrichsthal offices. After the Friedrichsthal office was dissolved, it was assigned to the Liebenwalde office.
• Rehmate (now a place to live in the Zehlendorf district of the city of Oranienburg). Presumably before 1745 a forester's house was built in the Zehlendorf district on the border with Kreuzbruch and Stolzenhagen. In 1819, after the Friedrichsthal office was dissolved, the Liebenwalde office was established.
• Sarnow ( risen or disappeared in Germendorf today ). In 1801 there was a tar oven with 2 separate houses in Sarnow, not far from Quaden-Germendorf .
• Schmachtenhagen (now part of the city of Oranienburg). The place belonged already before 1350 to the castle or palace Bötzow and from 1485 to the office Bötzow, the later office Oranienburg. When this office was divided up in 1745 Schmachtenhagen came to the Zehlendorf office. In 1819, when the office was dissolved, it returned to the Oranienburg office. According to Fidicin, the Liebenwalde office also had certain rights in Schmachtenhagen.
• Schweizerhütte (today a place to live in the Malz district of the city of Oranienburg). In 1701 a farm and dairy stall was built here. At that time, the location still belonged to the Oranienburg Office, in 1745 to the Zehlendorf Office and back to the Oranienburg Office in 1819.
• Sommerfeld (today part of the city of Kremmen ). In 1242 the village was owned by the Lehnin monastery . In 1318 it was assigned to the Himmelpfort monastery by Margrave Waldemar as compensation for war damage suffered . With the monastery possessions it came first to rule Badingen and Himmelpfort and in 1727 to the office of Badingen . In 1759 it was subordinated to the Zehlendorf Office. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the v. Redern performed several services and elevations in Sommerfeld, which were transferred to the Oranienburg Office in 1655 and to the Zehlendorf Office in 1759. After the Friedrichsthal office was dissolved, it was initially assigned to the Vehlefanz office from 1819 before it came back to the Oranienburg office in 1834.
• Vorwerk Beetzer Wall (district of Fehrbellin). Around or before 1624 a sheep farm had been built on the wall (1567: called Borgwall ), which the family v. Belonged to speaking. In 1654 they sold the sheep farm to the Oranienburg office. In 1745 it went to the Zehlendorf Office, and in 1819, when the office was dissolved, to the Vehlefanz Office. After this office was dissolved in 1834, Wall was administered by the Office of Oranienburg until 1872.
• Wittenberg ( Wittenberge ) (today a residential area in the Schmachtenhagen district of the city of Oranienburg). In 1752 the Oranienburg citizen Müller applied for a building permit for an establishment near the Wittenberg. In 1775 the establishment is called the wood-keeper's house. In 1801 there were already 2 houses there.
• Zehlendorf (today part of the city of Oranienburg). In 1651 the v. Götze transferred the place to the Bötzow office, which was renamed the Oranienburg office only a little later. In 1608 there were three noble residences in the village. When two new offices were separated from the Oranienburg office in 1745, a new office was set up in Zehlendorf. The official seat burned down in 1763 and was relocated to Friedrichsthal. Strangely enough, the Spandau office still had four Hufen in the village. In 1723/30 the Liebenwalde office also collected a meadow rent from 34 people from Zehlendorf. After the Friedrichsthal office was dissolved, Zehlendorf came to the Liebenwalde office.

Officials

• 1770 bailiff Hagemann
• 1775 Ernst Gottfried Kienitz, councilor of war
• 1796 Bailiff Kienitz
• 1809 Bailiff Kienitz
• 1818 Kienitz, civil servant

literature

• Friedrich Ballhorn: History of the city of Oranienburg up to the introduction of the city regulations in the year eighteen hundred and eight. Along with short messages from the other villages belonging to the Oranienburg parish. Self-published, Berlin 1850. (online at Google Books) (new edition: Ed.Rieger, Karwe 2008, ISBN 978-3-941187-02-3 )
• Friedrich Beck , Lieselott Enders , Heinz Braun (with the assistance of Margot Beck, Barbara Merker): Authorities and institutions in the territories of Kurmark, Neumark, Niederlausitz until 1808/16. (Overview of the holdings of the Brandenburg State Main Archive Potsdam, Part 1; Publications of the Brandenburg State Main Archive Volume 4). Böhlau, Weimar 1964, OCLC 60462114 , pp. 206-208.
• Lieselott Enders: Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Part II: Ruppin. Weimar 1970, DNB 457000880 .
• Lieselott Enders (with the assistance of Margot Beck): Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg, part VI, Barnim . 676 p., Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1980
• Takashi Iida: Rural insistence on the "wood permission". In: Yearbook for the history of Central and Eastern Germany. 55 (2009), p. 121ff. (Excerpts online from Google Books)
• Ortschafts = directory of the government = district of Potsdam according to the latest district division from 1817, with a note of the district to which the place previously belonged, the quality, number of souls, confession, ecclesiastical conditions, owner and address together with an alphabetical register. Georg Decker, Berlin 1817. (online at Google Books)
• Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel : Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis A. First main part or collection of documents on the history of spiritual foundations, the noble families, as well as the towns and castles of the Mark Brandenburg. XIII. Volume: The Uckermark: Lychen, Zehdenik, Templin, Angermünde, Chorin Monastery; Uckermark documents. Reimer, Berlin 1857. (online at Google Books)
• Berthold Schulze: Property and settlement history statistics of the Brandenburg authorities and cities 1540-1800. Supplement to the Brandenburg office map. (Individual writings of the historical commission for the province of Brandenburg and the imperial capital Berlin, volume 7). Commissioned by Gsellius, Berlin 1935.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Kurmark Government. 1816, p. 185.
2. ^ Ines Elsner: Friedrich III./I. of Brandenburg-Prussia (1688–1713) and the Berlin residential landscape. Studies on an early modern court while traveling; a residence manual. Berliner Wissenschaft-Verlag, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-8305-3142-5 , p. 345. (online at Google Books)
3. ^ ^{A b} Official Gazette of the Royal Government of Potsdam and the City of Berlin, extra sheet for the 10th issue of the Official Gazette of March 5, 1819, p. XXXIII.
4. ^ Riedel: Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis A. XIII, No. 21, pp. 141/2.
5. ^ Riedel: Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis A. XIII, No. 23, p. 142/3.
6. ↑ Address calendar, the all royal. Prussia. Lands and provinces, apart from the residences of Berlin, the Kingdom of Prussia and the Sovereign Duchy of Silesia; of the high and low colleges, instances and expeditions located therein, the same of the royal. Servants, magistrates, universities, preachers etc. on the year MDCCLXXV (1775). 582 pp., Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences, Berlin, 1775. Online at Sächsische Landesbibliothek Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden (additional sheet stapled behind p. 72)
7. ↑ Jan Peters, Hartmut Harnisch, Lieselott Enders: Märkische Bauerntagebücher des 18. and 19. Century. Böhlau, Weimar 1989, ISBN 3-7400-0044-9 , p. 230.
8. ↑ Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1818. Georg Decker, Berlin 1818, p. 188.

Coordinates: 52 ° 48 '  N , 13 ° 17'  E