Löcknitz Office (Kurmark)

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Löcknitz Castle and keep. Seat of the office Löcknitz

The office Löcknitz was an electoral Brandenburg domain office , which was formed in 1684 from the Löcknitz rule as a reverted fiefdom . In the 13th century, the Löcknitz lordship was initially part of Pomerania and was conquered by the Brandenburg electors from 1468 onwards around Löcknitz Castle and the Burgflecken Löcknitz in what is now the district of Vorpommern-Greifswald in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.

history

Löcknitz Castle was in the 13./14. Century a table good of the Bishop of Cammin . However, the extent of the rule at that time is unclear. The rule of Löcknitz was very probably not affected by the assignment of territory by the Treaty of Landin , since the middle of the Randowbruch was set as the border here and Löcknitz lies to the east of it. In the Landbuch Kaiser Karl IV. Löcknitz is listed under the Uckermark in the possession of the Bishop of Cammin. By 1385 at the latest, Duke Swantibor III. of Pomerania-Stettin acquired the Löcknitz rule from the diocese of Cammin. The Pomeranian dukes gave them to the v. Family before 1433. Book. 1433 the rule of the v. Book to the v. Heydebrecht, who maintained the rule until 1468. 1468 löcknitz castle was in the context of Szczecin war of succession from the Brandenburg Elector Friedrich II. Conquered, since Pentecost 1468 was Werner von der Schulenburg used as bailiff of the castle and the Bailiwick Loecknitz. In 1478 the Pomeranian Duke Bogislaw X was able to recapture Löcknitz Castle for a short time. However, only four weeks later, the Brandenburg elector succeeded in recapturing Löcknitz (and other places occupied by the Pomerania). Bogislaw X. first had to accept an armistice until June 1479. In the summer of 1479 Bogislaw X. had to agree to a peace treaty negotiated in Prenzlau and Tangermünde . In 1479 Werner vd Schulenburg received the hereditary fief over the castle and Vogtei Löcknitz. In 1482 he had the castle in Löcknitz rebuilt and heavily fortified. In 1505 he bought the lords of Lübbenau and Neu Zauche in Niederlausitz . In 1515 he was followed by his two sons Richard II and Jacob I, who in 1519 were also able to acquire the Lieberose rule , also in Lower Lusatia. In 1526 the two brothers received the village of Schmölln from the Brandenburg Elector Joachim Nestor as a fiefdom for the Löcknitz rule. Jacob I probably died in 1561. He had only one son, Georg, who died in 1560 without leaving any children. Richard II died in Stettin as early as 1536. He had a son Joachim (I.) who inherited the entire property of the two brothers after the death of his cousin Georg and his uncle Jacob. At that time he was considered one of the richest men in Germany and was nicknamed “the rich”. In 1578 he was able to acquire the Straupitz rule from Caspar Burggraf von Dohna for 45,000 thalers , with which he was formally enfeoffed on November 8, 1578. He died in 1594. He was followed by his son Richard (III). The rulership complex of Joachim I must have been heavily in debt, because he had to leave the rule of Löcknitz to "Creditors". Apparently he was able to claim the possession of Löcknitz anyway. He died as early as 1600 and left his property to his only son Joachim VII. He too died early in 1619, leaving behind his son Heinrich Joachim, who was still underage. Initially, his mother, Maria Hedwig Burggräfin von Dohna, took over the management of the property. In the turmoil of the Thirty Years' War they lost their Löcknitz estate, which was confiscated by the Swedish King Gustav II Adolf in 1631. In 1643 Maria Hedwig Countess of Dohna left the heavily indebted property to her son Heinrich Joachim. The Löcknitz rule had to be left to his creditors first. The Great Elector regarded the Löcknitz rule because of fiefdoms as a reverted fiefdom and on August 8, 1650 appointed a sovereign administrator over the rule. This was followed by a lengthy feudal process, which the von der Schulenburg family finally lost with the final judgment of April 17, 1684. With that, the Löcknitz rule had finally become a sovereign office. The seat of the office was the castle in Löcknitz. The Löcknitz office was subject to the Kurmärkischen War and Domain Chamber in Berlin until 1808/9, afterwards to the Royal Kurmärkische Government in Potsdam.

Associated places

Most of the official area was already owned by Schulenburg, that is, belonged to the Löcknitz rule, smaller parts were later bought or exchanged by the tax authorities.

  • Löcknitz ( Flecken and Amtssitzvorwerk ). Today the place is a municipality in the district of Vorpommern-Greifswald in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern . After the Löcknitz office was dissolved, the place was assigned to Pomerania.
  • Bagemühl ( village ), today a district of the city of Brüssow in the Uckermark district, Brandenburg. The place belonged only z. T. to the rule Löcknitz or then to the office Löcknitz. In 1755 the office was able to reduce the nobility share of the Acquire Arnim with five subjects. A second, non-fiscal portion (four subjects) was sold to the peasant owners in 1799 for free. Another part was still in aristocratic ownership in 1817. In 1823 the place or the sovereign ownership share came to the office of Brüssow.
  • Battin ( village and Vorwerk ), today an inhabited part of the municipality of Brüssow, district of Uckermark. The place originally belonged for the most part to the Löcknitz rule. A smaller aristocratic share had already been acquired in Schulenburg's time, so that at the time of the office the entire village was officially owned. After the Löcknitz office was dissolved, Battin was assigned to the Brüssow office.
  • Bergholz ( village ), today a municipality in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Bergholz belonged completely to the Löcknitz rule before 1684. Only in the 16th century did a small part, and probably only for a short time, come into other noble property. After the Löcknitz office was dissolved, Bergholz came to the Brüssow office. It left the Prenzlau district in 1952 and was assigned to the Pasewalk district .
  • Bismark , today part of the municipality of Ramin in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district. Bismark was assigned to Pomerania in 1823.
  • Caselow ( Vorwerk ), today part of the Bergholz community in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district. The medieval village of Caselow fell into desolation in the 2nd half of the 15th century. At the end of the 15th century there was evidence of another farm on the Feldmark (Wentzhof). During this time, von der Schulenburg acquired all the shares in the former village. Even in the later period of the Löcknitz rule and in the early days of the office there was always only one Vorwerk. In the first half of the 18th century, a few house residents also settled here . After the Löcknitz office was dissolved, the place came to the Brüssow office.
  • Fahrwalde , today a municipality in the district of Vorpommern-Greifswald. The von der Schulenburg had already acquired around half of the property shares here. In 1717 the Löcknitz office was able to acquire a further share from Jürgen Friedrich von Winterfeld-Schmarsow, so that the office owned about three quarters of Fahrenholz. After the Löcknitz office was dissolved, Fahrenholz came to the Brüssow office.
  • Grimme , today an inhabited part of the municipality of Brüssow. Most of the village belonged to the Löcknitz lordship. A smaller share of property still existed during the time of the office. In 1799, eleven farmers were subject to the office, two farmers counted towards the share of von Winterfeld-Neuenfeld. The place came after the dissolution of the office Löcknitz to the office Brüssow.
  • Hohenfelde , today part of the municipality of Ramin, Vorpommern-Greifswald district. The Vorwerk came to Pomerania when the office was dissolved.
  • Klockow , today part of the community of Schönfeld in the Uckermark district. With the Löcknitz rule, about half the village of Klockow came to the Löcknitz office. In 1736 the office ceded this half to District Administrator Hans von Aschersleben and received his half in the village of Wallmow.
  • Plow . today a municipality in the district of Vorpommern-Greifswald. About half of the village belonged to the Schulenburg. In 1799 14 subjects belonged to the office, two farmers and the Vorwerk were in noble ownership and one farmer belonged to the property of the Marienstiftsgymnasium in Stettin. The portion of the high school and the aristocratic portion counted towards Pomerania. In 1823 the whole village was attached to Pomerania.
  • Rossow (village and leasehold farm), today a municipality in the district of Vorpommern-Greifswald. The von der Schulenburg family had already acquired all the shares in the village here when they ruled Löcknitz. After the Löcknitz office was dissolved, Rossow came to the Brüssow office. In 1952 it was detached from the Prenzlau district and assigned to the Pasewalk district.
  • Schmölln (leasehold farm), today part of the municipality of Randowtal . The place came to the rule of Löcknitz in 1537, and in 1685 came to the office of Löcknitz. After its dissolution, the place was administered by the office of Brüssow.
  • Wallmow , today part of the municipality of Carmzow-Wallmow in the Uckermark district. The Schulenburg were able to acquire about half of the village, which in 1685 passed to the office of Löcknitz. In 1736 the office exchanged half of the village of Klockow for the other half of Wallmow, which was owned by District Administrator Hans von Aschersleben, so that the office was now the sole owner of the village. After the Löcknitz office was dissolved, the place was transferred to the Brüssow office.
  • Woddow , now part of the city of Brüssow, Uckermark district. In Woddow, the Löcknitz rule already had a share in the village, which was transferred to the Löcknitz office in 1685. In 1705 the office was able to acquire further small shares. In 1755 the office exchanged their ownership shares with v. Arnim zu Kröchlendorf, against his share in Bagemühl.
  • Zerrenthin , municipality in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district. At the end of the 16th century, the village belonged to a large extent to the von der Schulenburg family. However, a smaller number of aristocrats held up until 1872. In addition, an altar had raised six hooves in place; this share was sold to the nobility share in 1713. In 1799 14 peasants were subordinates to the office, nine peasants and two cossets were nobles. Of the noble subjects, three peasants were Pomeranian, as were the two kossaites. After the Löcknitz office was dissolved, the place was incorporated into the Brüssow office. The place was spun off from the Prenzlau district in 1950 and came to the Ueckermünde district, and in 1952 to the Pasewalk district.

In 1687 French refugees were settled in Bergholz, and in 1691 in Battin as well. For 1725 the office Löcknitz was advertised for lease. In 1771 there was a royal customs office in Löcknitz. In 1823 the Löcknitz office was dissolved and merged with the Brüssow office. Subsequently, the term Amt Brüssow and Löcknitz or mostly Amt Brüssow-Löcknitz became commonplace. In 1874 the combined office of Brüssow-Löcknitz was dissolved.

Officials and tenants

  • from 1685 office,
  • 1725 Lease of the office, tenant unknown
  • 1775 Michael Meyer, senior bailiff
  • 1779 Michael Meyer, lease ended prematurely
  • 1797 (Carl Friedrich Wilhelm?) Hufnagel, senior magistrate
  • 1798 Hufnagel, chief magistrate
  • 1804 Hufnagel, chief magistrate
  • 1808 singer, chief magistrate
  • 1816 singer, promoted to senior councilor
  • 1818 singer, councilor
  • 1821 singer, councilor
  • 1823 singer

supporting documents

literature

  • Friedrich Beck , Lieselott Enders , Heinz Braun (with the assistance of Margot Beck, Barbara Merker): Authorities and institutions in the territories of Kurmark, Neumark, Niederlausitz until 1808/16. XII, 702 S., Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv Corporation, Böhlau, Weimar 1964 (overview of the holdings of the Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv Potsdam, part 1, publication series: Publications of the Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv Volume 4), ISSN  0435-5946 ; 4.
  • Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring : Statistical-topographical description of the entire Mark Brandenburg: for statisticians, businessmen, especially for camera operators. Volume 2: Containing the Mittelmark and Uckermark. VIII + 583 S., Friedrich Maurer, Berlin 1805 Online at Google Books .
  • Johann Friedrich Danneil: The sex of von der Schulenburg, Volume 2. 779 S., Salzwedel, Commissioned by JD Schmidt, 1847 Online at Google Books (hereinafter abbreviated to Danneil, sex of von der Schulenburg, 2, with the corresponding page number)
  • Lieselott Enders : Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Part VIII Uckermark. 1210 p., Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1986 ISBN 3-7400-0042-2
  • Berthold Schulze: Property and settlement history statistics of the Brandenburg authorities and cities 1540-1800. Supplement to the Brandenburg office map. Individual writings of the historical commission for the province of Brandenburg and the imperial capital Berlin, Volume 7, 190 pp., Im Kommissionsverlag von Gsellius, Berlin, 1935.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Mario Müller: Sealed Friendship: the Brandenburg inheritance and hereditary brotherhoods in the late Middle Ages. 364 S., V&R unipress GmbH, 2010 ISBN 978-3-89971-770-9 Preview on Google Books (p. 29)
  2. ^ Danneil, Gender of the von der Schulenburg, 2, p. 109ff., Werner XI.
  3. ↑ Danneil, Gender of the von der Schulenburg, 2, p. 292ff., Jacob I.
  4. ↑ Danneil, Gender of the von der Schulenburg, 2, p. 292ff., Georg
  5. ↑ Danneil, Family of von der Schulenburg, 2, p. 294ff., Joachim II.
  6. ↑ Danneil, Family of von der Schulenburg, 2, p. 298ff., Joachim II.
  7. ↑ Eberhard Gresch: The Huguenots: History, Faith and Effect. 248 p., Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2005 ISBN 978-3-374-02260-1 Preview on Google Books (p. 94, footnotes)
  8. ^ Berlinische privilegirte Zeitung, 1724, No.157, of December 30, 1724 online at Google Books
  9. ^ Anton Friedrich Büsching: New Earth Description: From the German Empire to the Upper Saxon Circle, Volume 9. 458 S., Schaffhausen, Benedict Hurter 1771 Online at Google Books (S. 1934)
  10. ↑ a b Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1818. 459 p., Berlin, Georg Decker, 1818 (p. 188)
  11. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Potsdam and the City of Berlin, 1836, Item 46, p. 294 Online at Google Books
  12. ↑ Address calendar, the all royal. Prussia. Lands and provinces, apart from the residences of Berlin, the Kingdom of Prussia and the Sovereign Duchy of Silesia; of the high and low colleges, instances and expeditions located therein, the same of the royal. Servants, magistrates, universities, preachers etc. on the year MDCCLXXV (1775). 582 pp., Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences, Berlin, 1775. Online at Sächsische Landesbibliothek Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden (additional sheet stapled behind p. 72)
  13. ^ Werner Heegewaldt: Friderizian domain politics using the example of the Kurmark. In: Frank Göse: Frederick the Great and the Mark Brandenburg: Domination practice in the province. P. 163–182, Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2012 ISBN 978-3-86732-138-9 preview at Google Books (p. 166)
  14. ↑ Several members of the Royal Prussian Upper Building Department (ed.): Collection of useful essays and news relating to architecture for budding builders and friends of architects , year 1797, first volume, 128 pages, Berlin, Johann Friedrich Unger 1797 Online at Google Books (S.XI list of names of the respective gentlemen prenumerants)
  15. ↑ Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1798. 444 p., With an appendix, 94 p., Berlin, George Decker, 1798 Online at Google Books (p. 58)
  16. ↑ Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1804. 528 p., With an appendix with 125 p., Berlin, Georg Decker, 1804 (p. 66)
  17. ↑ a b Official Journal of the Royal Kurmark Government, year 1816, 7th issue, from February 16, 1816, p. 63.
  18. ↑ Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1821. 518 p., Berlin, Georg Decker, 1821 (p. 214)

Coordinates: 53 ° 27 '  N , 14 ° 13'  E