Gasolin (chain of gas stations)
The gasoline AG was from 1920 (from 1926 under that name) to 1971 a German oil company with its own gas stations chain.
History and ownership structure
Beginning and expansion
founding
Gasolin was founded on March 23, 1920 as Olea Mineralölwerke AG in Frankfurt am Main , and took over Deutsche Lubricant GmbH .
The business purpose of the company was “Acquisition, construction and operation of plants and companies that deal with the extraction, manufacture, processing, utilization, storage, transport and trading of fuels of all kinds, lubricants , technical oils and fats , crude oil , tar and their processing products, bitumen and related substances and other chemical products ".
From 1922 it traded under the name Oleawerke AG for mineral oil industry with headquarters in Frankfurt (Main), from December 1923 with headquarters in Berlin . At this point in time, it had already taken over Süddeutsche Oel- und Melanolwerke GmbH , based in Freiburg im Breisgau .
Stinnes
In June 1923, took Hugo Stinnes the A. Riebeck'sche Montanwerke AG , which mainly mines and interests in such area in Halle (Saale) and Weissenfels - Zeitz had; It also owned petroleum concessions in Argentina and mineral oil , paraffin , candle and montan wax factories . From them he formed Hugo Stinnes-Riebeck Montan- und Oelwerke AG , in which he bundled his oil interests.
In 1923/1924 Stinnes brought the Oleawerke with refineries in Frankfurt (Main) and Freiburg , which took over the distribution of the entire lignite tar production of A. Riebeck'sche Montanwerke , as well as the Erdölwerke Dollbergen and the AG für Petroleumindustrie into the Montan- und Oelwerke AG (Api) in Berlin. Furthermore, the majority of the Kuxe of the mining law union of the lignite mine Concordia near Nachterstedt and the union Messel on the Messel pit in the municipality of Messel near Darmstadt came to strengthen the oil base.
BASF
After Hugo Stinnes' early death in 1924, his heirs from the conglomerate were unable to form a viable company. Therefore, it was split up again the following year. BASF took over the oil company; for this purpose, in April 1925 the Oleawerke including the integrated oil works with their refinery in Dollbergen were spun off into a subsidiary and renamed Hugo Stinnes-Riebeck Oel-AG based in Halle (Saale) . The remaining A. Riebeck'sche Montanwerke got their ancestral name back in September of the same year.
In the 1920s, BASF wanted to secure the German crude oil base if necessary. With Royal Dutch (now Royal Dutch Shell ) it was half involved in the International Bergin Compagnie voor Olie en Kolen Chemie, founded in 1921 for the international use of German patents on carbohydrate hydrogenation . In 1925/1926, BASF and Standard Oil of New Jersey (today ExxonMobil ) decided to work together in the production of synthetic gasoline from lignite, to use Hugo Stinnes-Riebeck Oel-AG as a sales organization in Germany and to work directly with it participate.
IG colors
On May 4, 1926, Hugo Stinnes-Riebeck Oel-AG was renamed Deutsche Gasolin Aktiengesellschaft (DGA), registered in Berlin-Charlottenburg . The shareholders were IG Farben , A. Riebeck'sche Montanwerke AG , Royal Dutch and Standard Oil of New Jersey, each with 25% .
In the vertical structure of IG Farben in sales associations (VG), Gasolin stood together with the IG oils department alongside the nitrogen syndicate , VG chemicals , VG pharmaceuticals , VG photo and rayon and VG colors . It was mainly supposed to sell the synthetic Leuna petrol from the Leuna works through its filling stations. For this purpose, the filling station organization was expanded with priority. Until the production capacities for synthetic gasoline were built up, Gasolin sold its gasoline, mainly from Dollbergen, as German gasoline , in order to set itself apart from the competition with its foreign mineral oil imports .
In 1929 Deutsche Gasolin had total assets of RM 27 million . It was in 5th place in the list of mineral oil companies operating in Germany.
In 1935 Gasolin was one of the big five in Germany (petrol station chains) with 3,315 fuel pumps (5.9%) and a sales quota of 6.7%. In 1938 Gasolin had a market share of 1.4% in diesel fuel and 1.3% in lubricating oils .
War economy
With the conversion to the war economy in September 1939 and the accompanying order state central steering by the Association petroleum distribution (AMV) disappeared the brand name , and the Central Bureau of Petroleum assumed as a distribution syndicate of AMV gas stations gave up tank card or ration card unbranded petrol from.
In May 1940 there was a British bombing raid on a Deutsche Gasolin refinery in Emmerich . The refinery remained intact, but there were some deaths. The Emmerich tapestry in the city council chamber still keeps the memory of the Gasolin alive today by depicting one of its employees with an oil barrel .
In 1943 Gasolin had sales offices in Berlin, Breslau , Dortmund , Dresden , Frankfurt am Main, Hamburg , Hanover , Cologne , Leipzig , Munich and Stuttgart as well as in Vienna .
In the course of 1944, the refineries in Emmerich and Dollbergen were destroyed by air raids. To replace them, work on two tunnel systems in the Alte Poste quarry began in August 1944 near Lohmen (Saxony) in connection with Dachs VII , an underground driveway in the sandstone . This had since 1907 a siding to the Pirna railway junction . The small distillation plants Ofen 19-22 were immediately erected above ground , and in 1944 they began producing petrol with crude oil from the Vienna basin near Zistersdorf , which was transported by rail in tank cars .
New beginning and consolidation
East-west division
From 1943 the Deutsche Reichsbank in Berlin was Germany's only securities depository bank. Thus, at the time the war ended in 1945 , the shares in Deutsche Gasolin AG were in the Soviet sector of Berlin . Due to the unbundling of IG Farben, Gasolin became an independent petrol station company in the west (registered in Berlin-Charlottenburg) with the loss of its property in the east, but the securities were "blocked" from a western perspective. And the largest gasoline supplier, the Leunawerke, was also in the east and was no longer available.
This blockade of the shares made it impossible to display the securities. In order to remove the legal uncertainty , a securities adjustment was carried out. Due to the Securities Adjustment Act of October 1, 1949, the shares in Gasolin were declared invalid and replaced by a global certificate .
Shortly after the Second World War, Gasolin was still a state in the Soviet occupation zone . AG 'Gasolin' Zeitz led. After the events surrounding the securities settlement, the sports club ZSG Gasolin Zeitz was renamed in December 1949 to ZSG Hydrogenation Plant Zeitz (today 1. FC Zeitz ). The petrol station business in the GDR was later continued by Minol .
Sale to Wintershall and DEA
In the following period, the previous owners were allowed to prove that they were the legal owners of part of the company. The Standard Oil of New Jersey with its German subsidiary Esso AG and Royal Dutch with its German subsidiary German Shell AG received their respective 25 -% - ownership of the global certificate. Another 6.557% held the Bank deutscher Länder and a few smaller shareholders. In 1951, the trustees of IG Farben, which was to be liquidated , offered to purchase the remaining 41% of the share capital of 13.2 million D-Marks that had remained in the group of shareholders at A. Riebeck'sche Montanwerke AG . In return for an option to repay a debt by Gasolin from the 1930s in the amount of 2.4 million US dollars , Esso and Shell also agreed to sell their stake in the package.
At that time Gasolin had a market share of about 6.5% for gasoline and about 3.9% for diesel. At that time, Gasolin's network of filling stations consisted of 504 so-called large filling stations and a further 1400 filling and filling stations .
Caltex together with Ruhr Oel and Mineralöl-Werke Ernst Jung on the one hand and Wintershall and DEA on the other hand submitted offers. Although Caltex could have paid the dollar debt, the responsible ministry of economics did not believe in any further infiltration of the German market. After the Caltex offer was withdrawn in May 1952, there was still an offer from Gulf Oil in June . However, Wintershall and DEA came into play as German mineral oil producers, who in July took over the 91% majority stake in Deutsche Gasolin AG at a ratio of 65:35 and the company as a mineral oil company with its filling stations and the remaining refinery in Dollbergen (120,000 tonnes of crude oil throughput per year ) continued. Gasolin was mainly supposed to sell the fuels and lubricants from the Emsland oil refinery in Lingen , which is currently under construction .
Merger with NITAG
In the mid-1950s, the market share of "foreign" petrol station chains was around 40%, the share of large "German" companies around 36%; the rest was spread across a large number of smaller, medium-sized companies. In order to strengthen the German share of the petrol station market, Wintershall and DEA became co-owners of the BV-Aral association in 1956 , bringing in their sales subsidiary NITAG (Wintershall), their petrol stations (DEA) and their respective shares in Gasolin.
As a result, NITAG with its approximately 800 filling stations was merged with Gasolin with around 2000 filling stations to form Deutsche Gasolin-Nitag AG . The turnover of the new company in 1956 was around 400 million Deutschmarks with fixed assets of 45 million, current assets of 75 million and a balance sheet total of 120 million Deutschmarks.
From 1960
After taking over 50% of Rheinpreußen AG für Bergbau und Chemie in 1959, DEA left BV-Aral as a shareholder in 1960. She took her own chain of petrol stations with her and was compensated for her shares in Gasolin that remained in BV-Aral.
In 1961, the 100% member companies in the BV-Aral association decided to market their various products (fuels and lubricants) under the common brand name Aral . This did not apply to Gasolin, whose shares were only 91% in BV-Aral (still some small shareholders, see sales above ).
In 1967 the name was changed to Gasolin AG . The gasoline refinery in Dollbergen was shut down in 1969.
The red and white Gasolin brand and the AG survived until August 1971, when they were merged with the Wintershall subsidiary Aral , which is now part of BP . The last Gasolin headquarters was at Jordanstrasse 32 in Hanover. From here the approximately 3,500 filling stations in West Germany were operated.
present
Today there is still a Gasolin GmbH at the same address as the headquarters of Aral AG in Bochum . By 2006 its own was the financial statements in the electronic Federal Gazette published since that is small corporation because of domination - and profit transfer agreement and a management contract for the exemption provisions of § 264 para. 3 HGB in the consolidated financial statements of the parent company , the Deutsche BP AG , included.
The brand was revived when after reunification some Aral petrol stations in eastern Germany were reflagged. Two of them are still operated today in Pasewalk and Ueckermünde by a private leaseholder under the Gasolin brand in order to protect the brand.
In Austria
When Austria was annexed in 1938 , Gasolin expanded there. The gasoline Ges.mbH in Vienna operating 1938-1945 which at the southern edge of Korneuburg preferred oil refinery . This was in operation from 1923 to 1961 and was partially destroyed in World War II.
In 1945 Gasolin in Austria (in the Soviet sector ) and the refinery in Korneuburg fell as " German property " to the Soviet Mineral Oil Administration (SMV) . In 1955, in accordance with the Austrian State Treaty, the ownership rights to Deutsche Gasolin AG, distribution point in Austria, GmbH and the refinery were transferred to the Soviet Union . They were then paid for by Austria , thus nationalized and taken over by the Austrian Mineral Oil Administration (ÖMV, now OMV), founded in 1956 . The refinery in Korneuburg was shut down in 1961 after the construction of the new large refinery in Schwechat .
The property in the three other sectors was transferred directly from the Allies to Austria as the new owner due to the Austrian nationalization laws in 1946 . Around 1952 and 1954, the latter issued new car cards under the name Gasolin Gesellschaft mbH branch Salzburg . The ÖMV combined Gasolin with NITAG and the Benzol Association in the Martha organization. All appeared in public with the Aral brand from 1956 until they were renamed to today's OMV .
Products and Marketing
Gasolin and the IG Oils Department were responsible for the sale of products such as car oil, lubricating oil and asphalt as well as the Leuna propellant gas and, above all, the synthetic Leuna gasoline . In addition, Gasolin sold normal gasoline from its own refineries under the name Gasolin and the knock- resistant premium gasoline Motalin with the additive iron pentacarbonyl . The gasoline-benzene mixture was called Motorin , and the starting agent for the engine on cold days was called Supralin .
In 1927, Gasolin commissioned the architect and designer Peter Behrens to design gas pumps and petrol stations in order to avoid accusations of defacing the environment. At the same time, the architect Hans Poelzig designed the pre-assembled Leuna petrol stations.
In the 1930s the Leuna gasoline was mainly advertised . A logo often used for this on road maps consisted of an open red and white gas pump. For the 1936 Olympics , a logo for the Motanol motor oil was added, the Motanol diamond . This consisted of the red square on top with the product name in black on a white bar. In the 1950s, the diamond with the inscription Gasolin became the company's trademark .
After 1945 there was gasoline at Gasolin and the benzene mixture as a super variety . In 1956 the gasoline dropped her gas station attendant , who until this year the nickname Tankfix wore their "benzene mixture (without Lead apply)". In 1954, coming from the USA, an inflationary advertising hype began in Germany with petrol names and super chemical additives. The gasoline advertising countered, apparently entirely in the interests of its customers, with a front against such excesses of advertising and started a successful customer survey . In 1959 the company had abandoned its benzene mixture and sold Normal and Super , which cost about 6 pfennigs more.
However, the oil continued to be called Motanol until it became Record via Motanol Record in the 1960s .
Gasolin's best-known slogan is “Take your time - and not your life!” On signs that were screwed onto the rear drop side of flatbed trucks . These signs were issued by Gasolin until the mid-1950s.
A second slogan was “My gasoline - gasoline!” With the new little gasoline man, developed for full-page newspaper advertisements in black and white and in color for the tips booklet in 1959 by the Hamburg painter and commercial artist Bruno Bergner in collaboration with the Gasolin advertising management.
In 1963, the previously valid trademark was changed, it was given a red, rectangular frame, and when it was renamed in 1967, the lettering Gasolin also became red.
Works
- With gasoline through Germany. A travel guide for contemplative drivers , Deutsche Gasolin-Nitag AG (Ed.), Hanover 1958; Walter Pause (text); Renate Maier-Rothe (illustrations)
Regardless of the existence of Gasolin, the 8 volumes of Gasolin Tips are still in circulation:
- 50 tips for drivers , Deutsche Gasolin-Nitag AG, Hanover 1957; Paul W. Piehler (Ed.); Paul W. Piehler, Heinz Restorff (editor); Bruno Bergner, Hamburg (cover and drawings)
- 50 tour tips for drivers , Deutsche Gasolin-Nitag AG, Hanover 1958; Paul W. Piehler (Ed.); Heinz Restorff, Wilhelm Wißmüller (editor); Bruno Bergner, Hamburg (cover and drawings)
- 50 Tour Tips II for drivers , Deutsche Gasolin-Nitag AG, Hanover 1959; Paul W. Piehler (Ed.); Heinz Restorff, Wilhelm Wißmüller (editor); Bruno Bergner, Hamburg (cover and drawings)
- 50 tips for tractor drivers , Deutsche Gasolin-Nitag AG, Hanover 1959; Paul W. Piehler (Ed.); Heinz Restorff, Herbert Hardt (editor); Bruno Bergner, Hamburg (cover and drawings)
- 50 gasoline tips at war with paragraphs , Deutsche Gasolin-Nitag AG, Hanover 1960; Paul W. Piehler (Ed.); Heinz Restorff (editor); Bruno Bergner, Hamburg (cover and drawings)
- Gasolin-Tips Sights , Deutsche Gasolin-Nitag AG, Hannover 1961; Paul W. Piehler (Ed.); Heinz Restorff (editor); Bruno Bergner, Hamburg (cover and drawings)
- Gasolin-Tips Through German cities with open eyes , Deutsche Gasolin-Nitag AG, Hanover 1962; Paul W. Piehler (Ed.); Heinz Restorff (editor); Bruno Bergner, Hamburg (cover and drawings)
- Gasolin-Tips car guide for rest and travel , Deutsche Gasolin-Nitag AG, Hanover 1963; Paul W. Piehler (Ed.); Heinz Restorff (editor); Bruno Bergner, Hamburg (cover and drawings)
various
In 1961 Gasolin planned an air tank service. A broken-down vehicle could be refueled by helicopter. The pilot should read the license plate number and the number of liters fueled on a screen built into the cockpit and transmit it to the local billing office by radio.
The Brandshof petrol station, a listed former petrol station from 1953 ( Billhorner Röhrendamm 4, monument list number 1800 ), today a technology base with a café specializing in young and oldtimers, has been restored to look like a gasoline petrol station from the 1950s / 1960s, including those not yet connected for fuel delivery Gas pumps.
Using the slightly modified original logo, a former gas station in Münster was converted into a gasoline café .
A historic tank keeper house was built in May 2015 as a gas station in Bad Homburg after restoration and addition of a workshop building and original equipment (gas pumps, lamps, company logo, etc.) .
The open-air museum on Kiekeberg opened a 1950s gas station in September 2019. The petrol station was dismantled at its original location in Stade, transported to Kiekeberg and rebuilt there according to old plans. It was equipped in 1954 by the German Gasolin AG with a ten-meter long flight roof, a gas station attendant with a kiosk and toilet and two fuel pumps that can be accessed from both sides.
See also
literature
- Ulrich Biene: Gasolin: Take your time - and not your life. (= Moving Times , Volume 26) Delius Klasing, Bielefeld 2018, ISBN 978-3667112460 .
- Robert Liefmann : Cartels, Concern And Trusts . Botoche Books, Kitchener 2001. (First published in Germany: Robert Liefmann: Kartelle, Konzerne und Trusts . 1932.) ( Online version ( Memento from February 5, 2007 in the Internet Archive ))
- Joachim Kleinmanns: Great, full! A brief cultural history of the gas station . Jonas-Verlag, Marburg 2002, ISBN 3-89445-297-8 .
- Rainer Karlsch, Raymond G. Stokes: Factor Oil. The mineral oil industry in Germany 1859–1974 . Verlag CH Beck, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-406-50276-8 .
- Joachim Joesten: Oil rules the world . Karl Rauch Verlag, Düsseldorf 1958.
- Joseph Borkin , Charles A. Welsh: Germany's Master Plan. The Story of Industrial Offensive . Duel, Sloane and Pearce, New York 1943. ( Part 1 , Part 2 )
Web links
- ... from aniline to forced labor. The path of a monopoly through history (PDF file; 4.4 MB)
- Overview gasoline road maps
- Overview of road maps from LEUNA and NITAG: Precursors of Gasolin
- Overview of some other gasoline road maps
- Overview of Leuna petrol filling station plans
- Korneuburg - oil refinery and tank farm
- Link to the 2016 annual financial statements of Gasolin GmbH . Link no longer works, must be called up with the search string "Gasolin GmbH Bochum" in the search mask.
- Illustrations of the Leuna pump open / closed
- Illustrations gasoline dispensers
- Early documents and newspaper articles on gasoline in the 20th century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
- Late documents and newspaper articles on gasoline in the 20th century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Gerald D. Feldman : Hugo Stinnes. Biography of an industrialist 1870–1924. CH Beck, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-406-43582-3 , p. 839, excerpt in the Google book search
- ^ A b c d Rainer Karlsch , Raymond G. Stokes: Factor oil. The mineral oil industry in Germany 1859–1974 . CH Beck, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-406-50276-8 , p. 125, 139, 281 .
- ↑ Sharing With Standard
- ↑ a b c Joachim Kleinmanns: Super, full! A brief cultural history of the gas station . Jonas, Marburg 2002, ISBN 3-406-50276-8 , pp. 46, 65, 86 (quoted from Walter Ade: The gas station problem in Germany. Hamburg 1936).
- ↑ Forgotten Worlds
-
↑ The economy that stays on the carpet ,
city tour through Emmerich am Rhein ,
Away with the stink of the past 60 years ,
the large tapestry is cleaned - ↑ U-relocation Lohmen, Herrenleite tunnel access - Carnallit / Rogenstein / Dachs building 7
- ↑ Joachim Joesten: Oil rules the world .
- ↑ Gasoline filling stations Roland Becker
- ↑ List No. 4 of the Austrian State Treaty : Enterprises in eastern Austria that deal with the distribution of oil products and are to be transferred to the property of the Soviet Union
- ↑ List No. 3 of the Austrian State Treaty : Oil refineries in eastern Austria, whose property rights are to be transferred to the Soviet Union
- ↑ brand, registration number 663524 (filed May 30, 1949). German Patent and Trademark Office , October 30, 1954, accessed on March 23, 2015 (end of protection date May 31, 2019).
- ↑ Representations of the Leuna tapping point plans ( Memento from July 24, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ The Tankfix reveals the cards
- ↑ Gasoline advertising 1954 ( Memento from February 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Customer survey 1954 ( Memento from May 24, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Graduate farmer Dr. agr. F. Lorz: Der neue Lufttankdienst In: Land und Garten - Practical Guide for Agriculture and Horticulture, No. 13, April 1, 1961, p. 37
- ↑ Brandsdorf large petrol station. Retrieved May 22, 2013.
- ↑ Qype: "Gasolin Café in Münster"
- ↑ Fabian Böker: A gas station for lovers . In: Frankfurter Rundschau . January 7, 2016, p. R7 ( [1] [accessed October 20, 2016]).