Wooden tower

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Lookout tower Hohe Warte near Hohenwart
Chuderhüsiturm
Oberpfalzturm on the plate
Holzberg tower near Malente
The 28.5 m high Rudolfswarte in Purkersdorf , Lower Austria

A wooden tower is a tower-shaped structure whose load-bearing structure or main building material is made of wood . It is usually erected in an open half-timbered construction similar to a steel lattice tower. Limitations result from the naturally limited final height of trees, which means that beams of any length are not possible, and the high effort required to produce profiled beams from tree trunks, which is why flattened or round beams are usually used.

The advantages of wooden towers are the environmentally friendly processing of a renewable raw material and the neutrality of the material wood with regard to electromagnetic waves.

Types of wood

Oak , larch or pitch pine are often used as woods . Occasionally, teak is also used.

Construction details

Screws, nails or dowels are normally used as connecting elements. These can be made of iron, steel, wood or bronze. Compared to other construction options, the cost of building wooden towers that are higher than 30 to 40 meters is usually too high.

Areas of application

  • Playground towers
  • High seats for hunters
  • Forest fire watchtowers
  • Observation towers
  • Transmission towers
  • Overhead line mast

Radio towers

Up until 1935, numerous large wooden towers were built as broadcast towers in the medium wave range , especially in Germany . In most of these towers a wire antenna was hung or they had a dipole on the outside. In these towers, for reasons of radiation technology, the connection of the wooden elements was made with the help of bronze dowels or metal-free with wooden bolts .

However, wooden towers suffered from structural defects. After a tornado in 1935 destroyed the transmission tower in Langenberg , which had only been built a year earlier , the construction of wooden transmission towers in Germany was almost completely stopped. The wooden towers in Hamburg-Billstedt and Berlin-Tegel were reduced in height shortly after the start of the Second World War for structural reasons.

At the end of the war, numerous wooden transmission towers were blown up by the retreating German units, some others were demolished in the immediate post-war period, so that by the 1960s only a few of these structures existed.

The last wooden broadcasting tower in Germany was blown up on March 16, 1983 in Ismaning . Probably the last radio tower for medium wave radio is the tower of the transmitter Gleiwitz .

Nowadays, wooden transmission towers are occasionally used for mobile communications, for example the Rottenbuch radio tower built in 2002 .

Towers with wooden superstructures

In addition to the pure wooden towers, there are also towers with wooden superstructures. One such tower is the telecommunications tower on the Großer Feldberg .

Examples

tower Construction year country place height Remarks
Mühlacker transmission tower 1934 Germany Mühlacker 190 m Blown up by Wehrmacht pioneers on April 6, 1945
Transmission tower Berlin-Tegel 1933 Germany Berlin 165 m blown up on December 16, 1948
Ismaning transmission tower 1932 Germany Ismaning 163 m blown up on March 16, 1983
Langenberg transmission tower 1934 Germany Velbert-Langenberg 160 m destroyed by a tornado on October 10, 1935
Transmitter tower Wiederau 1935 Germany Again 150 m blown up on October 27, 1953
RW-49 1942 Russia Omsk 150 m Demolished in 1956
Transmission tower Hamburg-Billstedt 1934 Germany Hamburg 145 m removed in September 1949
Rothsürben transmission tower 1932 Poland Żórawina (Rothsürben) 140 m demolished in autumn 1990
Nuremberg-Kleinreuth transmission tower 1935 Germany Nuremberg 124 m blown up on July 12, 1961
Gleiwitz transmission tower 1935 Poland Gliwice 118 m tallest existing wooden tower in the world
Transmission towers Madona 1932 Latvia Madona 116 m Blown up in 1944 [1]
Heilsberg transmission tower 1935 Poland Lidzbark Warmiński (Heilsberg) 115 m Demolished in 1940
Freiburg-Lehen transmission tower 1933 Germany Freiburg in Breisgau 107 m blown up on April 21, 1945
Heiligenstock transmitter 1934 Germany Frankfurt am Main 107 m Renewed in 1938, blown up on March 25, 1945
Koblenz transmission tower 1934 Germany Koblenz 107 m Demolished in 1965
Trier transmission tower 1935 Germany trier 107 m Demolished in 1948
Heilsberg transmission towers 1930 Poland Lidzbark Warmiński (Heilsberg) 102 m 2 towers, demolished in 1935
Königsberg-Amalienau transmission tower 1935 Russia (at the time of construction Germany) Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad) 100 m Demolished in 1938
Reichenbach / Upper Lusatia transmitter 1937 Germany Reichenbach / OL 100 m blown up on May 7, 1945
Golm transmission tower 1948 Germany Golm near Potsdam 100 m Blown up on October 25, 1979
Wind power plant Hannover-Marienwerder 2012 Germany Hanover 100 m first wind turbine on a wooden tower
Linacher Höhe wind measurement mast 2013 Germany Furtwangen 99 m
Stettin transmission tower 1934 Poland (at the time of construction Germany) Szczecin 93 m Dismantled in 1936
Flensburg-Juergensby transmission tower 1928 Germany Flensburg 90 m Demolished in 1957
Utbremen transmitter 1933 Germany Bremen 90 m destroyed by lightning strike in 1939
Hanover-Hainholz transmitter 1933 Germany Hanover 90 m Height reduced to 60 m shortly after completion, removed in 1940
Pyramidenkogel observation tower 2013 Austria Keutschach am See 82 m Composite with steel; Height including antenna 100 m

Highest wooden observation tower in the world

Transmitter mast Kolchak radio station 1918 Russia Omsk 80 m demolished [2]
Königsberg-Amalienau transmission towers 1927 Russia (at the time of construction Germany) Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad) 80 m 2 towers, demolished in 1935
Transmission towers Cologne-Raderthal 1927 Germany Cologne 80 m 2 towers, demolished after 1932
Support of the Mittersill material ropeway 194? Austria Mittersill 80 m Cable car support of a material cable car that never went into operation; dismantled in the 1950s
Stadelheim transmission towers 1926 Germany Munich-Stadelheim 75 m dismantled in the 1930s
Chain Home reception towers 1939 Great Britain Several locations 73.15 m dismantled after the Second World War
Central mast test radio station Eberswalde 1929 Germany Eberswalde 70 m dismantled in March 1939
Zeesen wooden transmission tower 1931 Germany Zeesen 70 m Dismantled in 1939
" Bahnorama " observation tower construction site at Vienna Central Station 2010 Austria Vienna 66.72 m Dismantled October 2016
Rottenbuch radio tower 2002 Germany Peiting 66 m
Reception tower Utlandshörn 1935 Germany North dike 65 m Demolished in 1977
Transmission towers Marconi radio station South Wellfleet 1902 United States South Wellfleet 64 m 4 towers, demolished in 1920
Transmission towers, air traffic control center in Königsberg 1925 Russia (at the time of construction Germany) Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad) 63 m 2 towers, demolished
Pfalzsender 1926 Germany Kaiserslautern 60 m 2 towers, blown up in 1945
KWG transmitter masts 1921 United States Stockton, California 60 m Carrier of a T-antenna, demolished in the late 1990s
Central mast Boguchwala 1953 Poland Boguchwala 60 m Demolished in 1957
Radar tower Holmudden 1948 Sweden Tärnbo ? Demolished in 1958, [3]
Rotatable HF antenna of the Huizen transmitter 1937 Netherlands Huizen 60 m Blown up in 1940
Hirschenstein surveying tower 1941 Germany Deer stone 60 m Demolished in 1951
Millennium Tower 1999 Germany Magdeburg 60 m houses museum; also serves as a lookout tower

Highest wooden observation tower in Germany

Tour du Millénaire 2001 Belgium Think 60 m Dismantled in 2008, rebuilt in 2012 with iron girders
Wardenclyffe Tower 1899 United States Shoreham 57 m Demolished in 1917
Antenna measuring station in Brück 1963 Germany Bridge 54 m 2 towers of different types
Eichberg Tower 2005 Germany Emmendingen 53.2 m Observation tower
Torre de Herveo 1922 Colombia Manizales 52 m former cable car support
Bismarck Tower Wiesbaden 1910 Germany Wiesbaden 50 m Demolished in 1918
Wooden towers coastal radio station Sahlenburg 1937 Germany Cuxhaven 50 m 3 free-standing wooden towers, 2 towers in 1967, 1 tower demolished in 1970
Sender stumble 1938/1939 Germany (now Poland ) Rathsdamnitz 50 m 7 free-standing wooden towers, demolished in 1955
Bernburg transmission tower 1946 Germany Bernburg ? m Demolished in 1962
Hornisgrinde radio tower ? Germany Hornisgrinde ? m , demolished (when?)
Jelenia Góra transmission tower 1957 Poland Jelenia Gora 47 m Replaced in 1967 by a 72-meter-high steel mast
Towers of the triangular antenna of the Langenberg transmitter 1935 Germany Velbert-Langenberg 45 m 3 towers, blown up on April 12, 1945
Chutzenturm 2010 Switzerland Seedorf BE 45 m Observation tower
Blumenthal observation tower 2004 Germany Blumenthal 44.65 m Observation tower
White Fir Tower 2003 Germany Throat 44 m Observation tower
Copenhagen Zoo Tower 1905 Denmark Copenhagen 43.5 m Observation tower
Goethe Tower 1931 Germany Frankfurt-Sachsenhausen 43.3 m Lookout tower, burnt down in 2017, reconstructed in 2020
Chuderhüsi observation tower 2001 Switzerland Röthenbach in the Emmental 42 m Observation tower
Kashim transmitter 1926 Russia Kashim 42 m Wooden mast, demolished [4]
Telchi tower 2001 Germany Wilhelmsfeld 41 m Observation tower
Pilgrim cross on the Veitscher Mount of Olives 2004 Austria Veitsch 40.6 m Observation tower
Hohenwart observation tower 2002 Germany Pforzheim 40 m Observation tower
Wooden masts at the Sahlenburg coast radio station 1929 Germany Cuxhaven 40 m 3 guyed wooden poles, demolished in 1937
Augsburg-Hochzoll transmitter 194? Germany augsburg 40 m 2 wooden masts, dismantled in 1952
Bayreuth transmitter 194? Germany Bayreuth 40 m 2 wooden masts, dismantled in 1954
Sky striker 2014 Germany Schwäbisch Gmünd 38.6 m Observation tower / pure wood construction
Wiler Tower 2006 Switzerland Wil SG 38 m Lookout tower / pure wood construction with double spiral staircase
Dambergwarte 1972 Austria Ortisei near Steyr 36 m Observation tower
Heusweiler mast 1 1935 Germany Heusweiler 35 m destroyed on March 17, 1945
Upper Palatinate Tower 2000 Germany plate 35 m Observation tower
Raiffeisen Tower 1990 Germany Alsdorf 35 m Observation tower
Schneeberg tower 1938 Germany Weißenstadt 35 m Military tower, burned down in 1942
Schneeberg tower (Backöfele) 1926 Germany Weißenstadt 14 m Lookout tower (renewed in 2017)
Horse head observation tower 1987 Germany Schmitten 34 m Observation tower
Haselberg Tower 2008 Germany Koenigsbrück 34 m Observation tower
Schlossberg tower 2002 Germany Freiburg in Breisgau 33.27 m Observation tower; No wooden tower since 2017 due to steel supports
Loorenkopf observation tower 1954 Switzerland Zurich 33 m Observation tower
Hochsollingturm 1992 Germany Solling 33 m Observation tower
Ossinger Tower 2013 Germany Ossinger 32 m Observation tower
Eugen Keidel Tower 1981 Germany Schauinsland 31 m Observation tower
Heusweiler mast 2 1935 Germany Heusweiler 31 m destroyed on March 17, 1945
Atzelberg Tower 2012 Germany Kelkheim 30.39 m The previous tower from 1980 burned down on August 5, 2008
Telecommunication tower Frauenberg ? Germany Sondershausen approx. 30 m
Transmission masts broadcasting station Dortmund-Dorstfeld ? Germany Dorstfeld 30 m 2 wooden poles with iron tips, demolished
Rennberg fire watch tower ? Germany Oer 30 m Fire watchtower
Taubenberg observation tower 1970 Germany Nettetal 28.8 m Observation tower
Wooden mountain tower 2005 Germany Holzberg 28.5 m Observation tower
Idarkopf tower 1980 Germany Idarkopf 28.5 m Observation tower
Rudolfswarte 1977 Austria Purkersdorf near Vienna 28.5 m Observation tower
Hohenmirsberger Platte observation tower 2008 Germany Pottenstein 28 m Observation tower
Lothurm 2003 Switzerland Magglingen 25 m Lookout tower, demolished in 2014
Burgstall observation tower 2000 Austria Kirchberg above the Danube 24 m Observation tower
Salzkopfturm 1975 Germany Binger forest 24 m Observation tower
Weighing tower 1979 Germany Prussian Oldendorf 23.5 m Observation tower
Geißkopf tower ? Germany Episcopal corn 23 m Observation tower
Höhbeck observation tower 2008 Germany Höhbeck 22 m Observation tower
Wildacker measuring tower 1962 Germany Tharandt 22 m Measurement tower, demolished in 1998
Winterstein Tower 2005 Germany Obermörlen, Wetterau district 16.7 m Observation tower
Krawutschketurm 1973 Germany Castle Hill 13 m Observation tower

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jens Lubbadeh: Giant with a wooden leg . In: Technology Review . No. 12.2012 . Heise Zeitschriften-Verlag, Hanover December 2012, p. 10-11 .
  2. ↑ 70 meter wooden tower for "Bahnorama". Wiener Zeitung , May 19, 2010, accessed on August 25, 2010 .
  3. ^ Christian Dubuisson: Hornisgrinde, un honorable correspondant. Archived from the original on August 19, 2009 ; Retrieved on August 24, 2013 (French).
  4. ↑ Lookout waiting . (No longer available online.) Wienerwald.net, archived from the original on September 22, 2010 ; Retrieved August 25, 2010 .
  5. ↑ Tharandter Climate Protocols - Volume 10 (PDF 19.1MB)