Moselle-Franconian dialects

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Moselle Franconian (Musel Franconian)

Spoken in

Germany ( Rhineland-Palatinate , Saarland , North Rhine-Westphalia , Hesse ), Luxembourg , Belgium ( Areler Land , Sankt Vith ), France ( Lorraine )
Linguistic
classification
The spread of the Moselle Franconian with the areas in which op and of “on” apply

Moselle Franconian dialects are a West Central German dialect association . They belong to the Middle Franconian dialects within the German dialects . The vocabulary of the Moselle Franconian is described in the Rhenish dictionary , the linguistic geography in the Middle Rhine Language Atlas .

definition

Moselle Franconian differs significantly from the other German dialects. In an article for Deutsche Welle in 2009, Constantin Schreiber described the Moselle-Franconian dialect as an "exotic" German dialect, the language on the Moselle sounds colorful, wild and completely different. In contrast to this, a travel book from 1840 describes the Moselle Franconian in the city of Trier as follows: "In its full-toned breadth, the language has something extremely loyal and cozy".

In fact, other German speakers understand Moselle Franconian only with difficulty or not at all. The Moselle Franconians call their dialect "Platt": "Mir schwaatzen Platt" - we speak Platt. The people of Trier and Koblenz speak Trier Platt and Kowelenzer Platt . In the Hunsrück region , Hunsrücker Platt is spoken and in the Eifel Eifeler or Eifler Platt . The Luxembourg plateau , which was declared the official language of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg by law in 1984 , is officially called Lëtzebuergesch and now has a spelling and grammar that has been determined by language reforms.

Regional dialect varieties

Distribution of the Franconian dialects of the dialect continuum in the Lower (yellow), Middle (green) and Upper German (blue) language areas

The Linguasphere Register (edition 1999/2000, p. 430) lists five dialects (codes -dca to -dce) under the Moselle Franconian (code 52-ACB-dc ):

The language varieties Lorraine (partly), Luxembourgish and Transylvanian-Saxon also belong to the Moselle Franconian language .

Geographical distribution

Original distribution area of ​​the Transylvanian-Saxon dialect

Moselle Franconian is spoken in the entire German-speaking Moselle region as well as in the southern Eifel , in the northern Hunsrück , across the Rhine to the Siegerland , in the northern and western Saarland , in southern East Belgium , along the German border also in eastern French Lorraine and not least in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg .

The Transylvanian Saxons also speak a dialect closely related to Moselle Franconian, Transylvanian-Saxon . Their ancestors come mainly from the Rhine-Moselle region and neighboring regions, in which the Moselle Franconian was widespread at the time of their emigration around 1150. The dialect has been preserved as a relic dialect in Transylvania over the centuries and is still spoken by around 200,000 people within and now the majority outside of Transylvania.

In the north, the Moselle-Franconian language region borders on the Ripuarian, in the east on the Hessian (northern Rhine-Franconian) and in the south on the Palatinate (or overall southern Rhine-Franconian) language area. A line that comes from Lorraine across the Saarland, then over the Hunsrück ridge and at Sankt Goar over the Rhine into Hessian, separates the Moselle Franconian from the Rhenish Franconian dialect. It is called the dat-das-line after a characteristic difference between the two dialects . North of this Isogloss , in Moselle Franconian, the High German words “das”, “was”, “es” etc. are pronounced as “dat”, “wat”, “et” etc.

The dialect boundaries are not as clear to see everywhere as on this line, because mixed forms have developed in the transition regions. The influences of Ripuarian dialects can be seen again and again. On the Elz, for example, the “goot” becomes a “joot” and the “Gesell” becomes a “Jesell”. Also within the Moselle-Franconian language area there are local boundaries with linguistic differences that sometimes even exist between immediately neighboring places. In Kalenborn near Kaisersesch , this can be seen in the pronunciation of the question words “why” and “what”, which become “borömm” and “batt”. The number of dialect speakers has been decreasing rapidly with every generation since the middle of the 20th century.

Language examples

Declaration of love in various Moselle Franconian dialects

The sentence "When you hear the birds whistling in the morning in summer, you feel much better and you become as lively as your neighbor's cat" in various Moselle-Franconian varieties:

Trier - Ruwertal - Hochwald

  • Whomma is päifen on the summer morjens de Viejelcher, gäht et eäm scho vill bessa on ma gëtt fit as the Noper his Kaaz.
  • Bemme emm sum mojens de Vüelsche päife hüürt, gäht-et änem schonn vill besse onn me wüed fet be-em Nope säin Katz.

In the eastern Westerwald ( Rennerod , Montabaur ), where the Moselle Franconian merges into Central Hesse , it sounds like this:

  • Wommer em summer morjeds de Vielcher peife here, giets oam schu vill better en we get fit while Noachber is cat.

Further examples:

  • Wemməɹ em Somməɹ moɹjens de Vijelchəɹ piffe hiəɹt, giəɹət äinəm schu vill bessəɹ on məɹ wiɹd monner like Nochbəɹsch Katz. ( Wilnsdorf - southern Siegerland )
  • Węmm e ɹ ām Summ e ɹ mōɹns d e Vüjj e lch e ɹ pẹff e hü e ɹt, gaihɹ e t ēm alt vill bę a ss e ɹ, un m e ɹ wüɹd wack e ɹich wï Nǭchb e ɹsch Katz. ( Zeppenfeld - lower free ground )
  • Wemma em Summer mojens de Viejelcha whistle heat, gäht et a beautiful vill bessa un ma gett monta like em Nopa his cat. ( Grimburg - western Hunsrück)
  • Who päifen in Summer morriens de Viejelscher, gäht et eäm scho vill bessa o ma gëtt mondta as de nopisch Kaatz. ( Pluwig - western Hunsrück)
  • Wemma em Somma mojens die Väalscher päife hierd, gehred aanem schonn vill bessa on ma wierd monnda like Nobasch Kads ( Mermuth - Vorderhunsrück)
  • If ma em Suma moajens the Veelscha päife here, et änem (go aim) already much better than ma wierd munta like Nochbasch Katz ( Weiden (district Birkenfeld) )
  • Wemma em Somma morjens de Vielscher päife here, you went a schonn vill bessa un ma wierd monnda wie'm Noowa säin Katz. ( Koblenz )
  • Wemme em Summer morjens de Vüjelche päife, jiht et em schunn vill besse un me wüürd fit to em Nohber säin Katz. (Eastern edge of the Eifel - Weißenthurm / Andernach )
  • Wemme em total morjens de Vüelsche paife hat, suddenly and similarly nice vill besse un me wüed fit bie em Nohpe sain Katz. (Eastern edge of the Eifel, Pellenz , Kruft )
  • Wemme em total morjens de Vüelsche peife hat, jaaht et ahnem schunn vill besse un me wiied fit at em Nohpe his cat. ( Maifeld , Ochtendung )
  • Wemme em total morjens de Vielschje päife hiert, jaaht et ahnem schunn vill besse un me wierd monte be em Nohbe säin Katz. ( Maifeld , Polch )
  • Wemme em total morjens de Vielschje päife hiert, jaaht et ahnem schunn vill besse un me wierd monte be em Nohbe säin Katz. ( Kollig in the Maifeld )
  • Wemme em total morjens de Viejeltje peiffe heat, jaaht et aanem schunn vill besse un ma jett monta be em pimples sejn katz. (Kalenborn near Kaisersesch / Vulkaneifel )
  • Who päife om Summa morjens de Viejeltja, jeht et eenem at vill bessa un ma jett munta like em Nohpa säin Kaaz. ( Demerath near Daun / Vulkaneifel )
  • If you päifen at Sumer morje (n) s de Viejelcher, et eäm scho vill bessa on ma gett fit like the Noper seng Kaaz. ( Bitburger Land)
  • Wa ma am Summa mojens et Viejel fleten here, since jeet et ehm old much better, un ma jett monter like Nohbars Katz. ( Arzfeld )
  • Wamma am Summer morjens de Viejelcher hiert, gäht et eenem schung much better un ma gett monta like the Nohbah seng Kaatz ( Utscheid )
  • If you hear about summer morjes de Viejelcher, you have a nice vill bessa un ma jett monter like the Nohba seng Kaatz. ( Wallersheim )
  • If you päifen at Sumer morjens de Viejelcher, you go to a nice vill bessa un ma jett munta like Nohba sing Katz. ( Beautiful corners )
  • Bamma öm Summa morijens die Vijelscha päiwe hijat, daa fermented äänem at schunns vill bessa un ma gett monda bie däm Nohba säijn Katz. ( Ediger / Mosel ; OT "Unterdorf")
  • If you are calling in Summer Moriens de Viejelcha, you are going to be nice and better than you are, like in Nopa sain Katz. ( Losheim am See - North Saarland)
  • When een päifen on the summer moies d'Villercher, geet et engem scho vill better to et gëtt ee monter wéi the Noper seng Kaz. ( Luxembourgish )
  • Gloriously in the summer of the Morjest de Vijeltcher fliiten, we have a ski trip to better end em wid monter during the Noober senj Kåtz. ( Transylvanian-Saxon )
  • Wemma em Summa morjens de Vühl päiwe hürt, jaht et ahnem schunn vill bessa on ma wüard monder be em Norba säin Katz. ( Mayen in the Eifel )
  • Wemma im Summa moins de Vechjelchia peifen heeat, geddet ääm schunn vill bessa unn ma givt munta like em Nòòba sei Katz ( Wadgassen in Saarland )
  • If the summer moijens de Vielcher heert, et ääm already vill better ónn ma gewwt mónter as em Nòber sei Katz. (Beckingen in Saarland)

Loanwords

In Moselle Franconian, as in other dialects, there are loanwords from other languages; they prove the origin, which goes back very far into history. Relics from the Celtic-Gallic language variety, which was spoken by the Treveri before the turn of the century , can be identified, for example. B. Laä for rock or Koa for (push) cart. Some place names in the language region can also be traced back to Celtic origins, such as the names of the Trier districts of Zewen and Feyen and the names of the municipalities of Korlingen and Pluwig .

Other loanwords come as Latinisms from the Latin that the Romans brought to the region. Examples of Latinisms are Moselle-Franconian words such as "Kellergroat", from Latin crypta , for the basement access outside the house; In the Moselle-Franconian area, potatoes, peas and beans are cooked softly, from Latin mollis ; a gate can be locked with a "Klo'uster", a padlock, from the Latin claustrum . The Moselle-Franconian word Viez for apple wine also comes from Latin - although it is disputed whether it comes from vice vinum - substitute wine or vitis - vine. Many places in the Moselle-Franconian region got their names in Roman times. Their origins can still be recognized today, including the place names Kattenes - Catena , Tawern - Tabernae , Konz - Contionacum , Quint - Quintus , Detzem - Decem , Föhren - Furne , Koblenz - Confluentes , Neumagen - Noviomagus , Bernkastel - Castellum or Fell - Vallis .

The adoption of loan words from French is also due to the numerous French occupations of the Moselle-Franconian area in times of war, including the Reunions Wars in the 17th century, the conflicts in connection with the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars after 1803. Not least because of the proximity to France, they have been preserved in the Moselle Franconian region over the centuries. Examples of Gallicisms are the Moselle Franconian words "Bredullisch" for embarrassment - from the French word brédouille , "Kanallisch" for criminal, rabble - from canaille , "Gosch" for throat, face, vulgar also for snout - from gorge , "Filluzipé" for Bicycle - from velocipede , "Pottmanee" for purse - from wallet - and "trottoar" for sidewalk or pavement trottoir .

Since the 12th century, Yiddish , a language that developed from Middle High German in the High Middle Ages , had a great influence on Moselle Franconian . It was spoken mainly by Jewish traders and merchants. Since the cattle trade in particular had been in Jewish hands for centuries and the rural population traditionally did business with the Jews, the population was familiar with the language. So many Yiddish language elements found their way into Moselle Franconian. Yiddish origin are z. B. the Moselle Franconian words: Schofel for link, sneaky, achat for eating, mo'uscheln and cheating for cheating, cheating, Schlunze for lover or boo for noise or effort. Words still to be heard are, for example, “Tacheles” [talking] for plain text [talking], “Reibach” for profit, “Zores” for noise or confusion, “Messel” for bad.

However, these words have all but disappeared in today's Platt .

Moselle Franconian authors

media

Goethe's Moselle journey in Moselle Franconian

In 2010 two people from Trier shot a parody of the film Die Hard in Trier and the surrounding area . In the short film Freck slowly , only Trier Platt is spoken. The screening of the film in a Trier cinema achieved considerable audience numbers. From 2012 to 2013 the radio station SR 3 Saarlandwelle broadcast a weekly sketch with "Graf Drakeli". In the broadest Hochwälder dialect, the Count conducts telephone calls or talks to himself about the perils of everyday life of a Saarland vampire who repeatedly despairs of his interlocutors.

See also

Commons : Moselfraenkisch dialects  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

  • Hans-Dieter Arntz : Jewish in dialect and Platt der Voreifel and Eifel - coming to terms with the past by remembering linguistic relics. In: Yearbook of the District of Euskirchen 2010. P. 8–17.
  • Karl Conrath: The vernacular of the lower Saar and the Upper Moselle - a Moselle-Franconian dictionary . (= Contributions to German Philology, Vol. 41). 2nd, supplementary edition. Wilhelm Schmitz Verlag, Giessen 1977.
  • Peter H. Kemp: Kinnerzit & Jeunesse in Saar-Lor-Lux-Alsace . Écrit en Patios de Lorraine / Moselle Franconian. Paris 2012. ISBN 978-2-81062-584-0 .
  • Willi Körtels : Schöndorfer dialect-Schennerwer Platt. Self-published, Konz 2003, DNB 96934631X .
  • Johannes Kramer: Celtic and Latin in the history of language in Trier. In: Kurtrierisches Jahrbuch 2009 .
  • Franz Schmitz: How chatter me. The new dialect dictionary. Kehrein, Neuwied 1993, ISBN 3-9803266-0-8 .
  • Dittmar Lauer , Manfred Moßmann (eds.): Hohwäller - An anthology of Hochwälder dialect. Verlag Alta Silva, Kell am See 2006, ISBN 3-9810762-0-6 , ISBN 978-3-9810762-0-2 .
  • Alexandra N. Lenz: Structure and dynamics of the substandard. A study on West Central German ( Wittlich / Eifel ). Steiner, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-515-08349-9 .
  • Alexandra N. Lenz: Moselle Franconian. A popular science introduction using the example of the Wittlich region in the Eifel. Wittlich 2006, ISBN 3-9809086-5-8 .
  • Manfred Moßmann: By hand on foot. 100 stories in dialect and standard German. Alta Silva, Kell am See 2001, DNB 986334804 .
  • Peter Wiesinger : Phonetic-phonological research on vowel development in German dialects. Volumes 1 and 2. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1970 (Studia Linguistica Germanica 2).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Constantin Schreiber : Moselle Franconian: "Wei de Schness gewöös as". Deutsche Welle , 2009, accessed on May 10, 2018 .
  2. ↑  ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) "In everyday life, the Luxembourgers speak their dialect, a Moselle-Franconian dialect, which they called" Lëtzebuerger Däitsch "(" Luxembourgish German ") until the end of the 19th century."@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.luxembourg.public.lu
  3. ↑ Hamlet Stories. Retrieved December 15, 2018 .
  4. ↑ http://bosenergruppe.saar.de/tm_einzeln?tm=2010-05 accessed on April 19, 2011.
  5. ↑ a b c http://www.volksfreund.de/nachrichten/region/hochwald/aktuell/Heute-in-der-Hochwald-Zeitung-Hohwaeller-derrhaeem;art804,1131996 accessed on February 16, 2013.
  6. ^ Memorial to the local dialect. In: Saarbrücker Zeitungautor = Michaela Heinze. July 30, 2009, accessed April 12, 2020 .
  7. ↑ http://www.volksfreund.de/nachrichten/region/trier/Heute-in-der-Trierer-Zeitung-Der-Mundart-verpfliziert;art754,693811 accessed on February 16, 2013.
  8. ↑ Entry on Maria Peters in the Rhineland-Palatinate personal database
  9. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of May 11, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) accessed on February 16, 2013.
  10. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento from January 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  11. ↑ http://pcast.sr-online.de/feeds/sr3grafdrakeli/feed.xml accessed on February 16, 2013.
  12. ↑ http://www.saarbruecker-zeitung.de/sz-berichte/themen/Das-Geheimnis-von-Graf-Drakeli;art2825,4582584#.UR7O1Wes1KQ accessed on February 16, 2013.

Web links