connection |
Evidence as / by means of |
Reagents |
indication |
Disorder |
Experiment instructions
|
aluminum |
Cryolite |
Sodium fluoride , phenolphthalein
|
Red color |
|
Proof by means of a cryolite sample
|
aluminum |
Morin paint |
Morin |
green fluorescence |
|
Evidence as a fluorescent Morin lake
|
aluminum |
Cobalt aluminate |
Cobalt (II) nitrate |
blue pigment |
|
Evidence as cobalt aluminate
|
aluminum |
Alizarin-S-color lake |
Alizarin S |
red precipitate |
Chromium, iron, titanium |
Proof as Alizarin-S-colored lake
|
ammonium |
Cross match |
Caustic soda |
ammonia |
|
Verification by cross match
|
ammonium |
Neßler reaction |
Potassium tetraiodomercurate (II) |
red-brown solution |
|
Detection by means of Neßler's reagent
|
antimony |
Marsh's sample |
Hydrochloric acid, zinc pearls, copper sulfate |
pale blue flame, black mirror |
arsenic |
Marsh's sample
|
antimony |
antimony |
iron |
black flakes |
|
Iron nail test
|
antimony |
Antimony (III) sulfide |
Hydrogen sulfide |
orange precipitate |
|
Proof as antimony sulfide
|
arsenic |
Arsenic (III) sulfide |
Hydrogen sulfide |
yellow precipitate |
|
arsenic
|
arsenic |
Bettendorf's sample |
Tin (II) chloride |
Brown color |
|
Bettendorf's sample
|
arsenic |
Gutzeitsche sample |
Zinc , silver nitrate
|
Yellowing, subsequent blackening |
antimony |
Gutzeitsche sample
|
arsenic |
Fleitmann's sample |
Potassium hydroxide , aluminum , lead (II) acetate , mercury (II) chloride
|
Yellowing, gradually black |
antimony |
Fleitmann's sample
|
arsenic |
Marsh's sample |
Hydrochloric acid, zinc pearls, copper sulfate |
pale blue flame, black mirror |
antimony |
Marsh's sample
|
arsenic |
Molybdate arsenic acid |
Ammonium heptamolybdate |
yellow precipitate |
|
Arsenate detection with molybdate solution
|
arsenic |
Magnesium ammonium arsenate |
" Magnesium mixture " |
white precipitate |
|
|
barium |
Barium sulfate |
dilute sulfuric acid |
colorless precipitate |
Calcium, strontium, lead and the like a. |
s. Calcium |
|
barium |
Barium chromate |
Potassium chromate |
yellow precipitate |
high proton conc. |
|
|
Bismuth |
Bismuth thiourea complex |
Thiourea |
yellow solution |
|
Evidence by means of a bismuth slide
|
Bismuth |
Bismuth iodide |
Iodide |
black precipitate, orange solution |
|
Detected as bismuth iodide
|
Bismuth |
Bismuth |
Tin (II) salts |
black |
|
Evidence as bismuth
|
lead |
Lead iodide |
Iodide |
yellow precipitate, colorless solution in excess |
|
Proof as lead iodide
|
lead |
Lead chromate |
Dichromate |
yellow precipitate |
|
Detection as lead chromate
|
cadmium |
Cadmium sulfide |
Sulfide , cyanide
|
yellow precipitate |
|
Evidence as cadmium sulfide
|
Calcium |
Calcium sulfate |
sulfuric acid |
white precipitate |
Barium, strontium |
Proof as calcium sulfate
|
chrome |
Chromate |
Sodium hydroxide , hydrogen peroxide
|
yellow solution |
|
Proof as chromate
|
Cobalt |
Cobalt thiocyanato complex |
Thiocyanate |
pink, in amyl alcohol blue |
iron |
Evidence as a thiocyanato complex
|
Cobalt |
Cobalt hydroxide |
Caustic soda |
blue precipitate, with excess red |
|
Evidence as cobalt hydroxide
|
iron |
|
Thioglycolic acid |
Red color |
|
|
iron |
Berlin blue |
Potassium hexacyanidoferrate (II) (yellow blood liquor salt), potassium hexacyanidoferrate (III) (red blood liquor salt) |
blue precipitation |
copper |
Iron (II) with red blood lye salt , iron (III) with yellow blood lye salt
|
iron |
Iron (III) thiocyanate |
Thiocyanate |
deep red solution |
Cobalt |
Iron (III) with thiocyanate
|
potassium |
Potassium perchlorate |
Perchloric acid |
white precipitate |
|
potassium
|
copper |
Copper tetramine complex |
Ammonia water |
deep blue solution |
nickel |
Evidence as a copper tetramine complex
|
copper |
Copper hexacyanidoferrate |
Potassium hexacyanidoferrate (II) |
brownish red precipitate |
iron |
Evidence as copper hexacyanidoferrate
|
lithium |
Lithium phosphate |
Disodium hydrogen phosphate |
white precipitate |
|
|
lithium |
Lithium [orthoperiodato-ferrate (III)] |
Potassium [orthoperiodato-ferrate (III)] |
white-yellow precipitate |
|
|
magnesium |
Magnesone complex |
Magneson |
deep blue precipitation |
Heavy metals, Al, Be, Ca |
|
manganese |
permanganate |
Lead (IV) oxide |
purple solution |
|
Proof as permanganant
|
manganese |
Manganese (IV) oxide |
alkaline bath |
brown precipitate |
|
Detection as manganese (IV) oxide
|
molybdenum |
Molybdophosphate |
Disodium hydrogen phosphate |
yellow crystals |
|
Proof as molybdophosphate
|
molybdenum |
Molybdenum blue |
Ascorbic acid |
Blue color |
|
|
nickel |
Bis (dimethylglyoximato) nickel (II) |
Diacetyl dioxime |
Red color |
|
Proof with DAD
|
mercury |
Amalgam sample |
Copper sheet |
silvery shining amalgam |
|
Amalgan tasting
|
mercury |
Cobalt thiocyanatomic curate |
Ammonium thiocyanate , cobalt (II) nitrate
|
blue crystal |
|
Evidence as cobalt thiocyanatomic curate
|
mercury |
Hydrochloric acid group |
Hydrochloric acid , ammonia
|
black precipitate |
|
Detection with ammonia
|
silver |
Silver chloride |
chloride |
white precipitate, soluble in ammonia |
|
Detection with chloride solution
|
silver |
Silver cyanide , silver (I) thiocyanate
|
Cyanide , thiocyanate
|
white precipitate, soluble in excess |
|
Detection with cyanide or thiocyanate
|
silver |
Silver chromate |
Chromate |
red-brown precipitate |
|
Detection with chromate
|
titanium |
Triaquohydroxooxotitanium (IV) complex |
Hydrogen peroxide , sulfuric acid
|
yellow-yellow-orange solution |
Iron , vanadium , molybdenum , chromate , fluoride
|
|
zinc |
Rinman's green |
Cobalt (II) nitrate |
turquoise green powder |
|
Evidence as Rinman's green
|
zinc |
Zinc sulfide |
sulfide |
white precipitate |
|
Proof as zinc sulfide
|
zinc |
Potassium zinc hexacyanidoferrate (II) |
Potassium hexacyanidoferrate (II) (yellow blood liquor salt) |
white precipitate |
|
Detection with yellow blood liquor salt
|
tin |
Luminous test |
Zinc , hydrochloric acid
|
blue glow |
|
Evidence by means of a luminous sample
|
tin |
Molybdenum blue |
Molybdate |
Blue color |
|
Evidence as molybdenum blue
|