Namysłów

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Namysłów
Namslau
Namysłów coat of arms
Namysłów Namslau (Poland)
Namysłów Namslau
Namysłów
Namslau
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Opole
Powiat : Namysłów
Gmina : Namysłów
Area : 22.62  km²
Geographic location : 51 ° 5 '  N , 17 ° 43'  E Coordinates: 51 ° 4 '34 "  N , 17 ° 43' 23"  E
Height : 137 m npm
Residents : 16,271 (Dec. 31, 2016)
Postal code : 46-100
Telephone code : (+48) 77
License plate : ONA
Economy and Transport
Street : DK 39 Kępno - Łagiewniki
DK 42 Namysłów– Starachowice
Rail route : Kluczbork – Oleśnica
Next international airport : Wroclaw



Namysłów ( German Namslau ) is the district town of the Powiat Namysłowski in the Opole Voivodeship in southern Poland . It has 16,250 inhabitants and is the seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name with around 25,900 inhabitants.

geography

Namysłów is located in the southeast corner of the historical region of Lower Silesia . After 1945 the city became part of the Opole Voivodeship and is located here in the north-western area. The historic capital of Lower Silesia, Wroclaw, is about 60 km to the west, and the voivodeship capital of Opole is about 55 km south of the city.

Namysłów is located on the Willow (Widawa), a right tributary of the Oder . The two regional roads Droga krajowa 39 and Droga krajowa 42 and the provincial road Droga wojewódzka 451 run through the city . Namysłów is also located on the Kluczbork – Oleśnica railway line .

history

Krakow Gate
town hall
City parish church of St. Peter and Paul
Namslau Castle

Namyslów emerged in the 13th century and was after the destruction during the campaign of the Golden Horde re-established in 1241 in 1249 and Boleslaw II. Of Silesia with city rights provided. The town was built as a typical colonist town with a rectangular ring (135 × 80 m) in the center with a grid-shaped road network and was also fortified.

Until 1294 Namslau was part of the Duchy of Breslau, from 1312 to 1323 the city became the seat of its own duchy, Duchy of Namslau , in this context the new castle was also mentioned in 1312 . The city came into possession of the Polish king Casimir the Great in 1341. Its membership in Poland ended in 1348, when the Treaty of Namslau was concluded between Casimir and Emperor Charles IV of Luxembourg , after which the Polish king renounced Silesia in favor of Bohemia ; in return, Bohemia gave up its claims to the Polish throne.

In the 15th century Namslau was a free city for a short time and benefited economically from the connection to the trade route from Wroclaw to Krakow . Linen production in particular became an important line of business. Several city fires were unable to counteract economic development. During the Hussite Wars , the city was besieged unsuccessfully in 1418 and 1428.

In 1453 another important political event took place in Namslau: Namslau was the only Silesian city besides Breslau to refuse to pay homage to the controversial Bohemian King Ladislaus Postumus . The city later recognized Matthias Corvinus as king, but according to the Peace of Olomouc in 1479 it fell under the rule of Vladislav II and in 1526 to the Habsburgs .

In the Thirty Years' War the city was conquered by the Swedes after a long siege. The old castle was handed over to the Teutonic Order by Emperor Leopold I in 1703 , who set up a commandery here.

In 1741 the city, like all of Silesia, fell to Prussia and was conquered by the Austrians and later by the Russians in the course of the Seven Years' War . From 1806 to 1807 Namslau found itself under French occupation several times . In 1810 the castle was secularized . On December 3, 1806, the Wittelsbacher Karl August von Zweybrücken distinguished himself as Rittmeister and leader of a Bavarian riding troop there. He and six other Chevaulegers were supposed to get horses here and they were attacked in a house by Prussian horsemen. Zweybrücken saw almost 40 enemy cuirassiers riding up from his window early in the morning and immediately fired at them. He barricaded himself with his few men, repulsed several attacks and offered such resistance that the intruders thought the house was heavily occupied. Finally, in the afternoon, the Prussians withdrew without having achieved anything. This episode became widely known and was later published as a Bavarian heroic deed in Volume 1 of the memorial work The Bavarian Soldier in the Field under the title “Determined and fearless to a high degree” . There is a painting of it and Gustav Freytag chose the event as a real model for his portrayal of a castle defense at the end of the novel Debit and Credit .

In the 19th century there was an upswing on an intellectual as well as an economic level. For 1846, the first Namslauer newspaper came out and in 1862 the city was telegraphed connected to Wroclaw. The connection to the Breslau – Kreuzburg railway line in 1868 and the connection with Opole in 1899 was also important . The most famous company was the Haselbach brewery. August Haselbach acquired the castle brewery built in 1538 in 1862 and bought the castle in 1895. The large industrial brewery was the model for other Haselbach breweries throughout Germany.

During the Second World War , the National Socialists set up a sub-camp of the Groß-Rosen concentration camp in the city . On January 21, 1945, the city was captured by the Red Army . Over 50% of the buildings fell victim to the fighting over the city. On April 30, 1945, Namslau became part of Poland as Namysłów , the German population was expelled until 1947. In their place came not only immigrants from central Poland but also Polish expellees from the eastern Polish territories occupied by the Soviet Union . After the war, the reconstruction of the old town began, but the Protestant church, completed in 1789, was demolished in 1963.

Population development

Namysłów population by area:

year Residents
1875 5,383
1880 5,868
1885 5,890
1890 6.167
1895 6.334
1910 *) 6,062
1933 7,325
1939 8,196
1975 12,400
1983 13,700
1995 20,104
2000 18,940
2005 18,215

*) Manor district of Namslau: 45 inhabitants

Attractions

Renaissance fountain in the castle courtyard
  • The town hall is the symbol of the city . It has a 57 m high late Gothic tower, which was provided with an important Renaissance spire in 1625 . The town hall itself dates back to the years 1374 to 1378.
  • In Namslau there is the important Gothic parish church of St. Peter and Paul , which was built between 1405 and 1441. The large three-aisled hall church was modeled on the largest church in Breslau, the Sand Church, and has a star vault .
  • The Gothic Franciscan church from the 14th century with baroque furnishings.
  • The old castle of the Teutonic Order was first mentioned in 1312 and built as a stone structure around 1360. Towards the end of the 16th century there was another renovation and around 1600 a Renaissance fountain was installed there. Today it is again owned by a brewery.

In addition, the city wall, old town houses and the Kraków Gate from the 14th century have been preserved. The gate with the 26 m high powder tower was renovated and redesigned in 2006 (reconstruction of portcullis, spire and wooden battlements).

traffic

Namysłów station reception building

The city has a train station on the Kalety – Wrocław railway , and there used to be a connection to the Opole – Namysłów railway and the Namysłów – Kępno railway , from which the Syców – Bukowa Śląska railway branched off in the Bukowa district .

Sister cities and municipalities

sons and daughters of the town

local community

The town of Namysłów is the capital of the town-and-country municipality of the same name (gmina miejsko-wiejska). The municipality has an area of ​​290 km² and, in addition to the city, includes 32 villages with a Schulzenamt.

literature

  • Karl August Müller: Patriotic images, or history and description of all castles and knight palaces in Silesia and the county of Glatz. Second edition, Glogau 1844, pp. 204–206.
  • Namslau . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 11, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 994.
  • Lech Szaraniec: Zabytkowe ośrodki miejskie; Górny Śląsk i Małopolska . Muzeum Śląskie, Katowice 1996, ISBN 83-85039-52-X (Polish book about historical city facilities in Upper Silesia and Lesser Poland, including Namslau).
  • Namysłów 1249–1999 , ISBN 83-906026-1-X (Polish and German, German postcards and current photos).

Web links

Commons : Namysłów  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Nambslau in the Topographia Bohemiae, Moraviae et Silesiae  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Adalbert von Bayern : The Duke and the Dancer - The Strange Story of Christian IV of Pfalz-Zweibrücken and his family. Pfälzische Verlagsanstalt, Neustadt an der Weinstrasse 1966, p. 194.
  2. ↑ Bavarian War Archives : The Bavarian Soldier in the Field , Volume 1. Munich 1898, pp. 167–171.
  3. ↑ a b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Namslau district (Polish Namyslów). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  4. ^ Meyers Konversations-Lexikon 1888
  5. ^ Namslau 2) In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon 1894-1896, Volume 12, p. 163.
  6. ↑ gemeindeververzeichnis.de
  7. ^ Heinz Rudolf Fritsche: Silesia signpost. Bechtermünz, Augsburg 1996
  8. ^ Encyclopedia Powszechna PWN
  9. ↑ a b c stat.gov.pl ( Memento of the original from February 16, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.stat.gov.pl
  10. ↑ Arthur Müller: Good night, little boy! . E. Bloch, 1865 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  11. ↑ Arthur Müller: A Haberfeldtreib . Dempwolff, 1866 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  12. ↑ https://archive.org/details/dieffnahmeb00kett
  13. ↑ https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=a6RcAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=de&pg=GBS.PA1