Fläming Nature Park
| Fläming Nature Park | |||
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| Location: | Saxony-Anhalt , Germany | ||
| Next city: | Dessau-Rosslau | ||
| Surface: | 824 km² | ||
| Founding: | December 19, 2005 | ||
| Address: | Information center Rotdornstr. |
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The Fläming Nature Park is the sixth and youngest nature park in Saxony-Anhalt . The large conservation area, opened in 2005, covers an area of 82,425 hectares and is located in southwest Fläming between the Elbaue and the neighboring Brandenburg nature park Hoher Fläming .
The districts of Anhalt-Bitterfeld and Wittenberg and, with a small part of 1,000 hectares, the independent city of Dessau-Roßlau have a share of the area in the park . The character of the sparsely populated parks determines the agricultural and forestry-dominated hills of glacially formed Höhenzugs Fläming.
Area, places, location
Area distribution, cities and municipalities
The east-west extension of the Fläming Nature Park is around 50 kilometers between Zerbst and Klebitz , the north-south extension between Roßlau and Reuden around 20 kilometers.
The total area of the nature park is 82,425 hectares.
The nature park center is located in a converted former school in Jeber-Bergfrieden just behind the train station of the Regional Express (RE 7), which connects Berlin with Dessau via Bad Belzig . The village lies on a ridge between the valley of the Rossel and southern Nuthe .
Nature park boundary
The eastern border begins north of Klebitz and runs in the first part along the border with Brandenburg and then on past Zallmsdorf and Leetza to Mühlanger in the Elbaue. Here the border turns to the west and reaches the Lutherstadt Wittenberg above the federal road 187 , which lies with its center and historical town center in the nature park area. The southern border continues along the B187 via Coswig to the town of Roßlau, which is also part of the protected area. The border then takes the route to the northwest along the federal highway 184 and includes part of the village and Dessau district of Rodleben. To the west of Jütrichau , it leaves the B184 and bypasses the town of Zerbst, which is not part of the park area with its core, first along the Häkengraben.
The western boundary runs north from Zerbst via Zernitz and Lindau to the Bienholz east of Hobeck . Here the border bends sharply to the east. The northern border stretches above Lietzo, Deetz and Nedlitz on the border to Rosian / Schweinitz and meets between Reuden and Reppinichen on the state border with Brandenburg and thus also on the border to the neighboring "Hoher Fläming Nature Park". The northern boundary runs above Golmenglin, Stackelitz, Senst to Boßdorf, parallel to the neighboring park and then further above Kropstädt and Rahnsdorf on the state border to Klebitz.
Adjacent parks
At Coswig, the park borders the Middle Elbe biosphere reserve , which stretches along the river from Wittenberg to Gommern and includes the Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm with the UNESCO World Heritage Site Wörlitzer Park . With the opening of the nature park, a huge area with different levels of protection was created, which extends from the Belziger landscape meadows in the north to the Hoher Fläming nature park and the Fläming nature park to the southern Elbaue. A few kilometers south-east of Oranienbaum , the biosphere reserve with the heathland of the Dübener Heide nature park is joined by another protected area.
History and purpose
The Fläming Nature Park was declared a Nature Park on December 19, 2005. The preparation lay with the “Naturpark Fläming e. V. ”, whose sponsors include the districts of Wittenberg and Anhalt-Zerbst. In 2006 the nature park center opened in Jeber-Bergfrieden.
The nature park's development goals include the preservation and use of the natural and cultural landscape of Fläming, the development of areas for nature conservation-friendly recreation and tourism , sustainable management in agriculture and forestry, and the creation of the basis for resource-saving regional development . The Fläming should acquire a special meaning for nature protection, landscape maintenance, medium-sized economy and handicraft, environmental education and tourism.
The Fläming - mountain range and cultural area
The Fläming is a mountain range formed during the Ice Age and at the same time a historically grown cultural landscape in southwest Brandenburg and eastern Saxony-Anhalt. It extends east of Magdeburg for more than 100 kilometers to the Dahme . As a ridge , the Fläming is part of the southern land ridge , which was formed in particular during the Saale Ice Age. The city of Jüterbog is considered to be the border between the Hohen Fläming in the west and the Niedere Fläming in the east.
For centuries the Fläming represented the border wall between Slavs and Germans and then between Electoral Saxony and Brandenburg. The first German Burgwarde, monasteries and stone churches emerged in the area of the nature park at the end of the 10th century. The Fläming takes its name from the Flemings who, after the founding of the Mark Brandenburg in 1157 by Albrecht the Bear and the subsequent development of the country, populated the ridge in large numbers.
In addition to the well-known cultural sites in Wittenberg, Coswig and Rosslau, the Lindau Castle, Bärenthoren Castle and Kropstädt Castle are also important.
The wealth of castles, palaces and manor houses in the Fläming Nature Park is remarkable. There are more than 50 pieces of the stone-turned heritage. One of the concerns of the nature park is therefore that the houses are better developed for tourism. Project information is available at www.historische-Kulturlandschaft.de. As in the whole of Fläming, there are also many preserved medieval stone churches in the Fläming Nature Park.
- For geography, climate, history and cultural area see main article Fläming
- For the field stone churches see the list of field stone churches in Fläming
Natural space
Typical of the landscape in the Fläming Nature Park is the alternation of forests , meadows and fields between natural streams in a gentle hilly landscape, which reaches its peak in the nature park with the 185 meter high Michelsberg near the Straach district of Grabo. The highest point in Fläming is the Hagelberg at 201 meters in the neighboring park in Brandenburg.
Rivers and bodies of water
The three larger rivers in the Fläming Nature Park flow directly into the Elbe:
- Zahna
- Rossel
- Anhalter Nuthe with three swelling arms
In addition, there are many natural streams such as Olbitz, Ziekoer Bach, Grieboer Bach or Rischebach and man-made drainage ditches like the Fundergraben. Rivers and streams drove numerous mills , some of which are listed today and, like the Bon'sche Nuthe mill in the Zerbst district of Bone, bring the history of the mills closer. The hammer mill of the Thießen an der Rossel copper hammer, which was built in 1600, provides insights into historical copper processing .
The nature park does not have any larger lakes. With 57 hectares, the Deetzer pond , which was artificially dammed in 1583, forms the largest body of water on the northern Nuthe. With a bathing area and boat rental, the pond is a popular excursion destination and is also a popular fishing area that still supplies carp (“fishing haul” in autumn, when the water is drained from the pond).
Flora and nature trails
The nature park has a diverse flora. Wide mixed forests of pines ( Pinus ), oaks ( Quercus ), beeches ( Fagus ) and alders ( Alnus ) determine the landscape. The most beautiful beech and sessile oak forests of the High Fläming are located between the Schleesen and Golmenglin deserts . Also near Schleesen there are stocks of the old folk medicinal plant small periwinkle ( Vinca minor ), which are said to go back to the former village cemetery. Arnica ( Arnica montana ), woodruff ( Galium odoratum ), wood anemone ( Anemone nemorosa ), lung gentian ( Gentiana pneumonanthe ) and orchids can be found on the meadows and herbaceous layers .
The Bärenthorener pine industry near Polenzko, which the chamberlain and forester Friedrich von Kalitsch founded in 1884, is known beyond the country's borders . The new forest management replaced the previous deforestation. Kalitsch went with this development as one of the founders of the permanent forest in the forestry one. With an area of 193 hectares, the Bärenthorener pine farm is now a forest cultural monument and has a forest science-oriented educational trail .
The “Flämingwald” nature trail between Jeber-Bergfrieden and Stackelitz, the “Spitzberg” forest adventure trail near Streetz and the “Bismarckstieg” forest trail between Coswig and Möllensdorf on a hiking route created in 1907 to the Bismarck tower on the 142-meter-high Hubertusberg appeal to a wider audience .
fauna
The nature park is rich in red ( Cervus elaphus ), fallow deer ( Dama dama ) and wild boar ( Sus scrofa ). Particularly noteworthy species in the nature park include the black stork ( Ciconia nigra ) and the bird of the year 1981, the black woodpecker ( Dryocopus martius ). Among the insects , the relatively rich occurrence of the Red Wood Ant ( Formica rufa ), which is severely endangered (Category 2) according to the Red List of Germany, is remarkable. The “Flämingwald” nature trail in particular shows the nests of the ant, which is particularly protected under the Federal Species Protection Ordinance . Brown trout ( Salmo trutta fario ) and amphibians can be found in the nature park river .
Landscape and nature reserves
The list is still incomplete and the assignment has not been finally clarified.
Landscape protection areas :
- Parts of the LSG "Zerbster Land" (1300 hectares)
- Schleesen (50 hectares)
- Roßlauer Vorflming
- West Fleming
Nature reserves
- Buchholz (42 hectares)
- Jütrichauer Busch (25 hectares)
- Nedlitz lowlands (160 hectares)
- Pfaffenheide – Wörpener Bach (484 hectares)
- Rupture (22 hectares)
- Cream curd (45 hectares)
- Rathsbruch (12 hectares) near Kleinleitzkau
Publications of the nature park administration
The first publications of the nature park administration include a 52-page introductory brochure, a 16-part flyer series cycling and hiking tours and the 3-part series cycling and hiking tours / church tours. Most of the tours are located in and around Jeber-Bergfrieden, for example tour no.3 to the fairy tale trail in Golmenglin, tour no.11 to the church ruins in the Schleesen desert or tour no.10 with the 30-kilometer bike tour Jeber-Bergfrieden - Weiden - Grochewitz - Zieko - Düben - Buko - Bräsen - Hundeluft - Jeber-Bergfrieden.
See also
literature
Note: As the nature park was only opened in 2005 and the Fläming part in Saxony-Anhalt has only recently come into focus as a nature and travel region, there is no special literature yet; All of the following works are therefore heavily influenced by Brandenburg and at best touch the area of the Fläming Nature Park on the edge. Only the brochure of the nature park provides first more precise data.
- Hillert Ibbeken: The medieval field and quarry stone churches of Fläming. Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-8305-0039-4 .
- Heinz G. Nitschke, Jan Feustel: Discoveries in Fläming. Hendrik Bäßler Verlag, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-930388-35-9 .
- Fläming Nature Park / Saxony Anhalt. Brochure from Naturpark Fläming eV (52 pages), Jeber-Bergfrieden, undated, without ISBN, probably from 2006.
- Viola Pfeifer: Feldsteinkirchen in Fläming. An art history guide. Berlin, 1997, ISBN 3-930541-18-1 .
- Bernd G. Ulbrich : The Fläming. A guide through his culture. edition RK, Dessau 2002, ISBN 3-934388-02-7 .
