Szymany (Szczytno)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Szymany
Szymany does not have a coat of arms
Szymany (Poland)
Szymany
Szymany
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Warmia-Masuria
Powiat : Szczytno
Gmina : Szczytno
Geographic location : 53 ° 29 '  N , 20 ° 58'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 29 '4 "  N , 20 ° 57' 45"  E
Residents : 553 (2011)
Postal code : 12-100
Telephone code : (+48) 89
License plate : NSZ
Economy and Transport
Street : DK 57 : Bartoszyce - Biskupiec - Szczytno - Siódmak ↔ Wielbark - Chorzele - Kleszewo (- Pułtusk )
Rail route : Chorzele – Szczytno
Szymany Lotnisko → Szymany
Next international airport : Olsztyn-Mazury Airport in Szymany
Lech Walesa Airport in Gdansk



Szymany ( German  Groß Schiemanen ) is a village in the Gmina Szczytno (rural municipality Ortelsburg ). It is located in the Powiat Szczycieński ( Ortelsburg District ) in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in northern Poland .

geography

Geographical location

Szymany is located in the southern center of the Warmia-Masurian Voivodeship , nine kilometers south of the district town of Szczytno ( Ortelsburg in German  ).

Due to its location in the west of the Masurian Lake District , the Szymany region belongs to the Baltic ridge . Numerous lakes, rivers, as well as coniferous and mixed forests are characteristic of the area. The tarmac of Olsztyn-Mazury Airport extends to the west of the village .

geology

The landscape was shaped by the Fennoscan ice sheet and is a postglacial , hilly, wooded ground moraine with many channels , inland lakes and rivers.

history

Local history

Originally this region was inhabited by the pagan Prussians . Since 1243 the area belonged to the Teutonic Order State . After the Second Peace of Thorn in 1466, the region became part of the Duchy of Prussia . The Reformation was introduced in 1525 . In a certificate issued on May 29, 1682, it says, “that Theerbrenner Matthäus Lissen had asked for the renewal of the old privilege of June 15, 1678 and that a place that had been completely carved out by the ash distillery and only dried and frozen wood stood on it , with a sense of proportion after 20 strokes, would be awarded to start a new village on it ”. On June 1, 1685, Johann Wlochatz received a jug privilege. Severe suffering was caused by cholera in 1777, to which a large part of the population fell victim. Ten years later (1787) 30 farmers were working in the village.

After 1701 this region became part of the Kingdom of Prussia and later the Province of East Prussia . United Schiemanen belonged to the 1818-1945 district Szczytno in the administrative district of Olsztyn on. In July 1874, existing until 1945 District Schiemanen in district Szczytno in the Administrative district Königsberg (1905: Administrative district Allenstein) the Prussian province of East Prussia was formed.

In the referendum in 1920 , 773 voted to remain with Germany, while Poland did not vote.

In 1924, a memorial to the soldiers of the First World War was erected in Groß Schiemanen . At the beginning of the Second World War , an air force deployment port was established west of Groß Schiemanen .

In the course of the East Prussian operation , Groß Schiemanen was captured by the Red Army on January 25, 1945 and placed under the Soviet command. After the end of the war , Groß Schiemanen came to the People's Republic of Poland and received the Polish form of name "Szymany". Today the village is the seat of a Schulzenamt (Polish Sołectwo ) in the network of the rural community Szyzctno (Ortelsburg) in the powiat Szczycieński ( Ortelsburg district ), until 1998 the Olsztyn Voivodeship , since then it belongs to the Warmia-Masurian Voivodeship .

District of Schiemanen (1874–1945)

When the district of Schiemanen was established, four villages were incorporated. Due to structural changes, there were six in the end:

German name Polish name Remarks
Great shiemans Szymany
Little shiemans Szymanki
Kutzburg Kucbork
Kutzburgmühle incorporated into Kutzburg
from 1894: Grüneberg, Forst 1929 partially incorporated into Reusswalde , Forst
before 1908: Willenberg, Forst
from 1932: Materschobensee Sasek Wielki Until 1932 in the Materschobensee district
before 1938: Wessolowen
1938–1945 Fröhlichshof
(partially)		 Wesołowo

On January 1, 1945, Fröhlichshof, Groß Schiemanen, Klein Schiemanen, Kutzburg, Reusswalde and Willenberg, Forst belonged to the district of Schiemanen.

Population numbers

  • 1717: 49 hosts00
  • 1787: 30 farmers00
  • 1905: 0101
  • 1933: 0747
  • 1939: 1133
  • 2011: 0553

church

Evangelical

Church history

Groß Schiemanen was parish in the Ortelsburg church until 1909 . In 1909 its own parish was established in Groß Schiemanen . However, the community had to do without a church building for a long time. The services were celebrated in the school. The newly built church was inaugurated on December 18, 1938 (4th Advent). Groß Schiemanen belonged to the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union until 1945 .

Flight and expulsion of the local population put an end to the life of the Protestant parish in the place then called Szymany after 1945. Congregation members living here today now belong to the church in Szczytno in the diocese of Masuria of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .

Parish places

Eight villages or localities and residential areas belonged to the parish of Groß Schiemanen:

German name Polish name German name Polish name
Dlotowken Nowe Dłutówko * Materschobensee Sasek Wielki
* Great Schiemans Szymany * New Schiemanen Nowiny
* Little shiemans Szymanki Ostau Ostowo
Kutzburgmühle * Paterschobensee Sasek Mały

Pastor

At the church Groß Schiemanen performed their service as evangelical clergy:

  • Herbert Lipp, 1911-1912
  • Rudolf Mantze, 1921
  • Hermann Rahnenführer, 1923–1930
  • Wilhelm Czekay, 1933
  • Max Werner Hoffheinz, 1939–1945

Roman Catholic

Before 1945, Groß Schiemanen was incorporated into the parish of Ortelsburg in what was then the diocese of Warmia . Due to the resettlement of numerous people from eastern Poland, almost all of whom were Catholic, a Catholic parish was able to form in Szymany after 1945, which took over the previously Protestant church as its parish church. It belongs to the Deanery of Szczytno in the Archdiocese of Warmia .

Baptists

A Baptist congregation already existed in Groß Schiemanen in the 19th century . A chapel was built here in 1928 .

school

A school building was built in Groß Schiemanen in 1860. Here lessons were given in two classes. In 1926 a new school building, now intended for three classes, was inaugurated.

traffic

Szymany railway station

Streets

Szymany is conveniently located on the important Polish state road 57 (former German Reichsstraße 128 ), which runs through the Warmia-Masurian Voivodeship in a north-south direction and connects it with the Masovian Voivodeship .

rails

Szymany is on the Ostrołęka – Szczytno railway line , which is currently only used from Chorzele . Szymany train station is on this route. A short railway line branches off from here to Olsztyn-Mazury Airport , which is one of the few airports in Poland that has its own railway station ("Szymany Lotnisko"). Trains arriving and departing from Olsztyn (Allenstein) via Szczytno (Ortelsburg) end here .

air

Olsztyn-Mazury Airport flight path

The Olsztyn-Mazury regional airport is located in the Szymany village. In the 1950s a military airfield was built here . a. long-term use by the CIA is available for civil flight operations. Regular air traffic began here on January 21, 2016.

Personalities

  • August Broda (born August 8, 1867 in Groß Schiemanen), German Baptist clergyman († 1932)
  • Georg Hincha (born August 30, 1930 in Groß Schiemanen), German linguist († 2012)

Web links

Commons : Szymany  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Wieś Szymany. www.polskawliczbach.pl, 2011, accessed on January 17, 2017 .
  2. ↑ Polish Postal Code Directory 2013, p. 1261
  3. ↑ a b Rolf Jehke: District Schiemanen. Rolf Jehke, Herdecke, October 18, 2004, accessed on January 17, 2017 .
  4. ↑ Herbert Marzian , Csaba Kenez : self-determination for East Germany. Documentation on the 50th anniversary of the East and West Prussian referendum on July 11, 1920. Editor: Göttinger Arbeitskreis , 1970, p. 95
  5. ↑ Groß Schiemanen - Monument from 1924. denkmalprojekt.org, September 4, 2004, accessed on January 18, 2017 .
  6. ↑ Walther Hubatsch , History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia , Volume 1, Göttingen 1968, p. 442
  7. ↑ a b Walther Hubatsch, History of the Evangelical Church in East Prussia , Volume 3 Documents , Göttingen 1968, p. 496
  8. ↑ The * indicates a school location
  9. ↑ Friedwald Moeller, Old Prussian Protestant Pastor's Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945 , Hamburg 1968, p. 47