Straduny

Straduny
	Straduny
Basic data
State :	Poland
Voivodeship :	Warmia-Masuria
Powiat :	Ełk
Gmina :	Ełk
Geographic location :	53 ° 53 '  N , 22 ° 21'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 53 '29 "  N , 22 ° 20' 46"  E
Residents :	1054 (March 31, 2011)
Postal code :	19-325
Telephone code :	(+48) 87
License plate :	NEL
Economy and Transport
Street :	DK 65 : ( Russia -) Gołdap - Olecko ↔ Grajewo - Białystok - Bobrowniki (- Belarus )
	Wronki - Połom → Straduny
Rail route :	no rail connection
Next international airport :	Danzig

Straduny [ straˈdunɨ ] ( German  Stradaunen ) is a village belonging to Gmina Ełk ( rural municipality of Lyck ) with 990 inhabitants in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship .

Geographical location

Straduny is 7 km north of the district town Ełk ( Lyck ) in the direction of Gołdap ( Goldap ) at a bend in the river Lyck ( Polish Ełk ) in the east of Masuria .

Straduny is located in the middle of three nature and landscape conservation areas . After the fall of the Iron Curtain , German tourists have also been advertised since the 1990s .

Place name

The name Stradaunen is derived from the Latin strada una (= a street). Stradaunen was thus a street village that was on the way that the Teutonic Order used to Lithuania . The core of the meaning was also retained in the name change after 1945.

history

In 1475 Stadaunen - a village with a church, domain and estate - was founded by the hand-held festivals of Bernhard von Balzhofen , the Commander of Brandenburg ( Russian Uschakowo ). An office with a farmyard, later a domain, was first mentioned around 1508, from which the administrative office of a ducal main office emerged around 1528. It was responsible for the area of ​​the later Oletzko district and several parishes in the Lyck district . In 1565 the office was moved to Marggrabowa (also colloquially: Oletzko , 1933 to 1945 Treuburg , Polish Olecko).

In 1818 Stradaunen was mentioned as a church village with 46 fire places and 450 souls. On May 27, 1874 the place became Amtsdorf and thus gave its name to an administrative district that existed until 1945 and belonged to the Lyck district in the Gumbinnen district (from 1905: Allenstein district ) in the Prussian province of East Prussia . The localities Felsenhof ( Skup in Polish ), Johannisberg (Janisze) and Löbelsdorf (Chojniak) were incorporated into Stradaunen .

The estate with its 440 hectares and a distillery was in state hands until it was leased from 1905. Stradaunen recorded a total of 792 inhabitants in 1910, of which 599 belonged to the municipality and 193 to the manor district. In 1928 the Stradaunen estate was incorporated into the Stradaunen rural community. The total number of inhabitants was 773 in 1933 and was already 801 in 1939.

The escape and expulsion of the German population made Stradaunen an almost deserted place.

After the German defeat in World War I , the Versailles Treaty stipulated that Poland should receive areas with a predominantly Polish population. In other areas should referenda be held. In Stradaunen, all 553 citizens entitled to vote spoke out in favor of remaining in the German Reich . The memorial stone erected in memory of this result in 1936 was blown up by the Polish side in 1945.

On October 29, 1944, the last Protestant service took place in the church of Stradaunen . It was consecrated to a Polish Catholic Church on May 3, 1946 .

During the Second World War there was no fighting in or around Stradaunen. Therefore, the buildings in the village remained largely intact. Only the rectory, which was last used by a staff of the Wehrmacht , was blown up shortly before the invasion of the Red Army on January 18, 1945 because important documents were there.

In addition, the German Wehrmacht blew up the three bridges over the Elk River. Two of them were later rebuilt by German prisoners of war .

In 1945 Stradaunen was transferred to Poland with all of southern East Prussia and has been using the Polish form of name "Straduny" ever since. Today it is the seat of a Schulzenamt ( Polish sołectwo ) and thus a village in the Gmina Ełk association in the powiat Ełcki within the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship .

The manor house in the old park has now become a guesthouse .

Stradaunen District (1874–1945)

The Stradaunen district initially included seven villages. Their number remained the same until the end, despite structural changes:

Surname	Change name from 1938 to 1945	Polish name	Remarks
Great Malinowken	Large forging	Malinówka Wielka
Klein Malinowken	Small forging	Malinówka Mała	1928 incorporated into Groß Malinowken
Piasken	(from 1927 :) Small noise	Piaski
Schikorren (Ksp. Stradaunen)	(from 1927 :) Wellheim	Sikory Juskie
Stradauns		Straduny
Stradaunen (Good)			1928 incorporated into the Stradaunen community
Zeysen		Sajzy
incorporated before 1908:
Cells	(from 1927 :) Peace at sea	Przytuły	before 1908: Soffen district
Rydzewen	Black Mountains	Rydzewo	before 1908: Soffen district

On January 1, 1945, the Stradaunen district formed the villages: Großschmieden, Klein Rauschen, Schwarzberge, Seefrieden, Stradaunen, Wellheim and Zeysen.

church

Straduny's Church

→ Main article : Stradaunen Church

Church building

The church in Straduny is a field stone building from 1736. The interior is flat-roofed and originally had lateral galleries. The pulpit altar was a work from 1845. In 1923 the church interior was painted by the church painter Fey from Berlin .

Until 1945 the church was a Protestant place of worship. Today it is a Roman Catholic parish church and the interior has been adapted to the changed liturgical use. It is now called Kościół Matki Bożej Królowej Polski ( Church of the Mother of God, Queen of Poland ).

Parish

Evangelical

Stradaunen was already a church village in the pre-Reformation period. At the beginning of the 16th century, the Reformation arrived here and Lutheran clergy began their service. Until 1945 the parish of Stradaunen belonged to the church district of Lyck in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . In 1925 there were 3,050 parishioners.

Flight and expulsion of the local population put an end to Protestant church life in Stradaunen. The few Protestant church members living here today stick to the parish in the town of Ełk , a branch parish of the Pisz parish ( German  Johannisburg ) in the Masurian diocese of the Evangelical Augsburg Church in Poland .

Roman Catholic

Before 1945 there were few Catholic residents in the Stradaunen region. Your parish church was the St. Adalbert Church in the city of Lyck in the deanery Masuria II (seat: Johannisburg) in the Diocese of Warmia . After 1945, many new Polish citizens, mostly Catholic denominations, settled here. Today there is a Catholic parish here, which has taken over the previously Protestant church as its parish church. She belongs to the deanery Ełk -Matki Bożej Fatimskiej in the Diocese of Ełk of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland .

Personalities of the place

Sons and daughters of the place

• Alfred Schulz (* 1918), German economist
• Heinz Probandt (born June 29, 1919 in Stradaunen), German politician (FDP)

Connected to the place

• Julius Rimarski (1849–1935), German Protestant pastor, officiated from 1878 to 1886 at the Stradauner Church

traffic

State road 65 in the Straduny through-town

Straduny is located on the state road 65 (formerly German Reichsstraße 132 ), which is important for traffic and runs through the east of Masuria in a north-south direction and connects the Polish-Russian border with the Polish-Belarusian border. From the area of ​​the municipality Świętajno (Schwentainen) in the Powiat Olecki ( Oletzko district , from 1933 to 1945 Treuburg district ) a side road also leads into the village. There is no direct connection to the railway.

literature

• Winfried Holzlehner: Stradaunen. From the story of a Masurian village. Güstrow 2004, 156 pp.
• Stradaunen (with Domain Stradaunen, Gut Stradaunen, Felsenhof, Johannisberg, Loebelshof). In: Reinhold Weber: Photo book of the border district of Lyck. Hagen 1985, pp. 437-442.

Web links

Commons : Straduny  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Historical information about Stradaunen (with map) at Ostpreußen.net
• "Borrowing brings worries" - an amusing story from old Stradaunen

Individual evidence

1. ^ CIS 2011: Ludność w miejscowościach statystycznych według ekonomicznych grup wieku , March 31, 2011, accessed on April 21, 2019 (Polish).
2. ↑ Polish Postal Code Directory 2013, p. 1210
3. ^ Dietrich Lange, Geographical Register of Places East Prussia (2005): Stradaunen
4. ↑ ^{a b c} History of Straduny - Stradaunen
5. ↑ ^{a b c} Stradaunen
6. ↑ ^{a b} Rolf Jehke, Stradaunen district
7. ^ Uli Schubert, community directory, district of Lyck
8. ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District of Lyck (Lyk, Polish Elk). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
9. ↑ See also: East Prussian Operation (1945)
10. ↑ Gmina Ełk
11. ↑ Walther Hubatsch : History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia. Volume 2: Pictures of East Prussian churches. Göttingen 1968, p. 125, fig. 580
12. ↑ Parafia Straduny in the Diocese of Ełk ( Memento of the original from October 18, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
13. ↑ Walther Hubatsch: History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia. Volume 3: Documents. Göttingen 1968, p. 494
14. ↑ Parafia Staduny