West and north ridge of the Hohe Fichtelgebirge
| West and north ridge of the Hohe Fichtelgebirge | |
|---|---|
| surface | approx. 463 km² |
| Systematics according to | Bavarian State Office for the Environment |
| Main unit group | 39 → Thuringian-Franconian low mountain range |
| 4th order region (main unit) |
394 → Hohes Fichtelgebirge |
| 5th order region | 394-A → West and north ridge of the Hohe Fichtelgebirge |
| Natural area characteristics | |
| Landscape type | (Higher) low mountain range |
| Highest peak | Schneeberg ( 1051 m ) |
| Geographical location | |
| Coordinates | 50 ° 1 '34.8 " N , 11 ° 51' 17.5" E |
 |
|
| state | Bavaria |
| Country | Germany |
The western and northern ridge of the Hohen Fichtelgebirge denotes a natural sub-unit (394-A) of the Hohen Fichtelgebirge (main unit 394) in the Upper Franconian districts of Wunsiedel , Bayreuth and Hof and in the Upper Palatinate district of Tirschenreuth . It contains the core Fichtelgebirge with the main mountains Schneeberg ( 1051 m above sea level ), Ochsenkopf ( 1024 m ) and Kosseine ( 939 m ) on the south-east facing ridge and the narrower north-east facing ridge of the Waldstein Mountains (up to 877 m ) and the Kornberg massif ( 827 m ), separated by the Lamitz ).
Systematics
The main unit of natural space Hohes Fichtelgebirge (394) was identified as a sub-unit of the main unit group Thuringian-Franconian low mountain range (39) in the work on the handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany . However, since sheets 142 Plauen (South) and 154/155 Bayreuth were never published in the refined structure 1: 200,000 , there was no refinement of this structure until the 2010s.
In the meantime, the Bavarian State Office for the Environment (LfU) has broken down all natural areas in Bavaria based on the main units, which may contain a further sub-level - i.e. up to the 5th level. Since there is no further refinement, the main units are not followed by any decimal places, but the code numbers of the sub-natural areas are provided with a letter after them. On the west and north ridge of the Hohe Fichtelgebirge, the first of four subunits was the letter A.
Location and limits
The unit west and north ridge of the Hohe Fichtelgebirge ends to the south immediately north of Kemnath and to the north immediately south of Rehaus . In the east it extends as far as Marktredwitz , in the west as far as Bad Berneck . In the Selb-Wunsiedler hill country, the namesake Selb (in the far north) and Wunsiedel (in the south) are in the immediate vicinity. In larger cities, Bayreuth is about 9 km (measured from the center) southwest of the mountain edge and Hof is about 10 km northwest of the northern edge.
The unit 394-A takes up more than half of the area of the Hohe Fichtelgebirge and has to the southeast at the Pilgramsreuther Sattel (394-A), where the ridge line to 606 m above sea level. NHN sinks, connection to the eastern part of the Hohe Fichtelgebirge with the likewise montane (up to 946 m ) Steinwald (LfU) Steinwald (394-C) unit . To the northeast the Kern-Fichtelgebirge meets the submontane Selb-Wunsiedler Hügelland (395-A) to the southeast . To the northeast, the ridge of the Waldsteinzug extends somewhat into the Upper Vogtland (412), to the northwest the unit merges into the Münchberger plateau (393).
The Obermainische (071) and the Upper Palatinate Hügelland (070), which connect to the southwest, are significantly flatter.
Breakdown
The natural division of Bavaria according to LfU does not have any finer sub-units, but various sub-groups are commonly named, which are separated from each other at the most important gaps and valleys. The total of around 444 km² of unit 394-A can be divided up roughly as follows (for demarcations, see subsections):
- Schneeberg massif (about 71.4 km²)
- Main mountain ridge ( Hohe Heide ; about 14.3 km²)
- Ochsenkopf massif (approx. 22.0 km²)
- Königsheide (about 61.3 km²)
- Kreuzstein group ( Nasse Heide ; 82.6 km²)
- Kössein massif (about 61.7 km²)
- Fichtelnaabtal (about 34.2 km²)
- Waldstein (about 61.0 km²)
- Kornberg (about 54.7 km²)
Schneeberg massif
A ridge leads over the Schneeberg, which begins in the southeast at the Hohen Matze ( 813 m above sea level ) and rises via Platte ( 883 m ), Seehügel ( 953 m ) and Nusshardt ( 972 m ) to the Schneeberg at 1051 m and descends Height then reached Hohe Heide ( 848 m ) and Wetzstein ( 799 m ) to drop off steeply before Gefrees . In addition to the Schneeberg, only the Hohe Matze ( prominence : 93 m) and, with some reservations, the Hohe Heide (51 m) and the Platte (47 m) are truly independent mountains .
The Rudolfstein ( 866 m ) forms a riedel extending from the Schneeberg to the northeast . To the south of it, the slope from Schneeberg to Platte runs very steeply to the northeast; so the Wolfstein in front of the lake hill comes to just 754 m , with an even lower notch height. In the area of the Kornbacher Saddle north of the Hohen Heide, the flanks are less steep, and the transition from the Hohen Heide (or the Wetzstein) to the Mainberg ridge runs through a notch that is only about 696 m deep.
To the southeast, the Schneeberg massif is well delimited by the St 2665, which runs close to the Ehewaldbach , from the south of Tröstau to Nagel , to the southwest from there through the Gregnitz upstream to the junction of the St 2981 in the direction of Fichtelberg from the B 303 , from there from the federal road to the Northwest of Bischofsgrün ( Rangen ), extended over the saddle to the Mainberg ridge and the Köhlersgrundbach to before (Gefrees-) Schamlesberg ; a northern border to the Waldsteinzug forms the St 2180 between the eastern edge of Gefrees and Voitsumra west-southwest of Weißenstadt . The so limited area takes up an area of about 72.7 km², of which about 1.3 km² is accounted for by the enclosed settlement area of Nagel including Wurmloh , which one would more likely attribute to the Fichtelnaab valley. About 71.4 km² remained, of which 10.1 km² were for the Hohe Matze.
Main mountain ridge
The ridge of the Mainberg branches off to the southwest from the Hohen Heide or from the Wetzstein , which after a notch to about 696 m only rises to a maximum of 711 m and falls very gently to the main mountain summit ( 623 m ), and then before the Weißmain to break off very abruptly. The southeast flank of the Riedel is consistently steep to the Weißmain with the B 303 from Bischofsgrün to Bad Berneck . This Riedel was formerly known as the Hohe Heide .
The ridge, which is bounded by the B 3 on the Weißmain from Rangen to the Weißmainknick southeast of Bad Berneck to the southeast, takes up about 14.3 km².
Ochsenkopf massif
The massif of the 1024 m high Ochsenkopf is well separated from that of the Schneeberg by a notch at around 770 m on the main road and the district boundary. Strictly speaking, it consists of just this one mountain, from which, however, two other mountain groups branch off.
The Ochsenkopf massif with the B 3 to the west of Bischofsgrün (Glasermühle) as the north-east and north border and the district road BT 4 over the north of Fichtelberg back to the B 303 as the south-west and south border occupies an area of about 22.0 km², which is almost the entire area Settlement area includes Bischofsgrüns.
Königsheide
The Königsheide on the western watershed of the Warmen Steinach is separated from the Ochsenkopf by a notch at around 763 m and rises up to 863 m . Since there is a lower notch at about 753 m in the north of the ridge , the main summit Hohberg has a notch height of 110 m. Three different Riedel branches off to the west, separated by stream valleys.
The Königsheide basically consists of just one single mountain plus an 801 m high, nameless hill in the north, on the other side of the deeper notch and near that to the Ochsenkopf.
The Königsheide with the B 303 as the north-west border , the BT 4 to Hütten as the north-east border and the St 2181 along the Warmen Steinach via Warmensteinach to the east of Weidenberg as the south-east border occupies an area of about 61.3 km², including large parts of the settlement area of Warmensteinach ( Half of the core town plus all higher districts in the northeast).
Cruciform group
The Kreuzstein group was formerly also known as the Nasse Heide . Your saddle to the Ochsenkopf on the Hüttener Sattel near Hütten is located close to the St 2181 between Warmensteinach in the southwest and Fichtelberg in the southeast and reaches a height of about 726 m . For the eponymous Kreuzstein , which reaches 838 m , this means a notch height of around 112 m. The main ridge, beginning in the north with the Hüttenberg ( 758 m ) and heading south towards Kirchenpingarten, lies on the European main watershed , which separates the Warm Steinach from the catchment area of the Naab .
Immediately at Kreuzstein, another ridge branches off to the southeast, which follows the watershed between Fichtelnaab and Haidenaab . The natural area ends in this direction at the 682 m high ridge of the Schwarzberg; behind a saddle at about 591 m at Oberwappenöst ( Oberwappenöster saddle in the Pilgramsreuther saddle natural area), in the Steinwald natural area, the height on the Armesberg rises again to 731 m .
Overall, the Kreuzstein group is more clearly branched into individual ridges and Riedel than all other mountain groups in the natural area. The peaks on the short Riedeln in the direction of Warmensteinach in the north-west ( Eisenberg : 733 m , Dürrberg : 770 m , Klügel : 751 m ), like the more plateau-like Hüttenberg in the north, have only low notches and are only striking from the location; The only exception to this is the Schanzberg ( 742 m ), which adjoins the valley of the Warmen Steinach, to the west of the Kreuzstein, the gap to the Krüger at around 685 m .
In addition to the Kreuzstein, three other mountains reach a height of at least 830 m . Meet the Upper Palatinate hill country to the south from west to east:
- Iskaraberg ( 637 m ), which is independent from the south and encircled in a counterclockwise direction
- the expiring Riedel of the Muckenreuther Rangen (up to 836 m )
- the expiring Riedel of the Platte (still 830 m near the edge ) with the Schieferberg ( 722 m )
- the Riedel starting from Klausenberg ( 835 m ) with Mittelberg 670 m in the south
- the Riedel starting from the Scheibenberg ( 800 m ) with the very prominent (almost 100 m) Tannenberg ( 711 m ) on the edge
- the Schwarzberg ( 682 m ), also starting from the Scheibenberg
The Fichtelnaab valley, which is relatively densely populated between Fichtelberg and Mehlmeisel and further downstream between Brand and Ebnath, forms a relatively sharp (north) east border of this mountain group . The cleared Naabrangen opposite Ebnaht still reaches 711 m .
The Kreuzstein group with a small piece of BT 4 between Fichtelberg and Hütten as the northern border, the St 2181 on the Warmen Steinach as the western border and the Fichtelnaab as the northeast border occupies around 89.0 km², including half of the settlement area of the core town of Warmensteinach. Above all, however, this area in the northeast includes about 6.4 km² of the settlement and agricultural area of Fichtelberg in the northeast and Mehlmeisel to the south, which would be more likely to be attributed to the Fichtelnaab valley. About 82.6 km² remained for the actual Kreuzstein group.
Kössein massif
Southeast of the High Matze separates a notch to about 655 m , the solid mass of the Kösseine (up to 939 m ) as the eastern ridge of the natural environment of the snow mountain range. From the main mountain, broader Riedels extend to Marktredwitz in the northeast ( Oberberg : 634 m ) and to Neusorg in the south ( Bärenrangen : 656 m ), but they flatten significantly even a short distance from the main summit. Only the Burgstein ( 879 m ) north of the main mountain is very prominently prepared from the relief and is 77 m above its notch. The Luisenburg rock labyrinth (from around 800 m down to 680 m ) is located on its northern ridge , to the northwest, with heights falling noticeably on the outside, the Haberstein ( 848 m ) and Schauerberg ( 767 m ) rock peaks adjoin the main summit .
The Kössein massif with a western border from (starting in the north) St 2665 from the south of Tröstau to Nagel , then via the district road WUN 10 / TIR 10 along the Gregnitz over Grünlas and finally the St 2181 along Gregnitz and Fichtelnaab via Ebnath to southwest Neusorgs occupies an area of about 66.6 km², including the settlement area of Bad Alexandersbad (north), a small area of that of Marktredwitz (northeast) and the majority of that of Neusorg (south) on the outer edge . In particular, however, there are still around 4.9 km² of the Nagels and Ebnath settlement areas in the interior of the natural area, which would more likely be attributed to the Fichtelnaab valley. After deducting this area, the Kössein massif remained about 61.7 km².
Fichtelnaabtal
The valleys of Fichtelnaab and Gregnitz are difficult to assign to the surrounding mountain groups . Between the clearing islands of Fichtelberg and Mehlmeisel on the one hand and Brand , Ebnath and Nagel on the other, there are flat, undulating forest areas that are not cut up by any public road. Although not in relief, they do form a clear contrast to the clearing in terms of use and vegetation. The Oberberg near Mehlmeisel reaches just 649 m .
In the absence of binding natural boundaries, one also has to classify the area around the Fichtelsee with more montane mountains up to about 800 m , a small part of which drains the Ochsenkopf massif (Fichtelsee and Seebach form the actual orographic | border between the two massifs) and those outside the flanking roads and There are brooks ( Hüttenberg (at the Fichtelsee) : 804 m , Kaiserberg : 777 m , ND Kaiserbergfelsen ; Gregnitzhügel on the B 303: 756 m , Hasenberg : 751 m ).
The Fichtelnaab valley with the Fichtelnaab as the western border and (from southeast to northwest) the Gregnitz and finally, from the eastern end of the St 2981 , the B 303 as the eastern border and a short section of the BT 4 in the north of Fichtelberg as the northwest border occupies an area of about 21 , 6 km, of which only 0.8 km² drains the Ochsenkopf massif and the rest completely the Schneeberg massif. If you add the neighboring settlement areas of Fichtelberg, Mehlmeisel, Nagel and Ebnath (see sections on Schneeberg massif, Kreuzstein group and Kössein massif), the total area is about 34.2 km².
Waldstein
At the Kornbacher Sattel with the Gefreeser districts Kornbach and Haidlas , over which the St 2180 leads from Gefrees to Weißenstadt , the main ridge line of the Fichtelgebirge drops to about 675 m . The Waldstein Mountains in the narrower sense have a second main mountain in addition to the Großer Waldstein ( 877 m ) in the Bergkopf ( 857 m ), which is separated from it by a notch at 762 m on the Sparneck –Weißenstadt road . All other peaks of the main ridge line or close to it (in the southeast: Bärenhöhe: 785 m , beyond Waldstein and Bergkopf then Schnittlein: 747 m , immediately before the Lamitztal finally Kleiner Kornberg : 678 m ) have notches of less than 30 m. Outside the ridge line, on the watershed between Eger and Saale that leaves the ridge in the inner plateau, the Epprechtstein, east of the mountain head, reaches 798 m at a notch at 733 m ; The Lehstenberg ( 768 m ) east of the Großer Waldstein has also been moved into the interior - while there are no foothills to the northwest of the ridge line towards the Münchberg plateau.
The Waldstein occupies, between the St 2180 and the Lamitz, an area of about 61.0 km².
Kornberg
Through the valley of the Lamitz , which crosses the ridge line in the north of Niederlamitz at about 547 m , the massif of the Kornberg ( 827 m ) is clearly separated from the rest of the Waldstein range, but also the notch on the inner plateau southeast of the named place at about 567 m is only slightly higher. In addition to the Großer Kornberg, the Rabenberg ( 720 m , notch at 669 m ) in the northeast, on which, immediately northeast of Schönwald , the watershed leaves the ridge in the direction of the Selb-Wunsiedler plateau, the inner plateau of the Pfaffenberg ( 672 m ), is the only truly independent elevation of the ridge. All other notch heights remain below 30 m.
Also stay in the Kornbergzug, you can see from the Rabenberg in the northeast ( 720 m , notch at 669 m ), all notch heights below 30 m.
The Kornberg ridge covers an area of about 54.7 km².
mountains
The most important mountains in natural area 394-A are listed below, sorted according to their height in meters (m) above sea level (NN). To give clues for the independence of the respective summit or mountain, dominance and | Prominence listed in separate columns, which can also be used for sorting. The seven main mountains of a group (except Mainberg Ridge and Fichtelnaabtal) are in bold type, these and other more important mountains in the group each have a white background to make the overview easier.
| mountain | Height (m) | Dominance (km) | Prominence (noun) | Mountain group |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schneeberg | 1051 | 83.3 | 474 | Schneeberg massif |
| Ox head | 1024 | 3.8 | 254 | Ochsenkopf massif |
| Nusshardt | 972 | 0.6 | 36 | Schneeberg massif |
| Sea hill | 953 | 1.1 | 22nd | Schneeberg massif |
| Kitchenette | 939 | 10.0 | 284 | Kössein massif |
| Platte (Schneeberg) | 883 | 1.1 | 47 | Schneeberg massif |
| Burgstein | 879 | 1.1 | 77 | Kössein massif |
| Great Waldstein | 877 | 7.3 | 202 | Waldstein |
| Rudolfstein | 866 | 1.3 | 39 | Schneeberg massif |
| Hohberg | 863 | 5.6 | 110 | Königsheide |
| Bergkopf | 857 | 2.3 | 95 | Waldstein |
| High heather | 848 | 2.1 | 51 | Schneeberg massif |
| Haberstein (Köseine) | 848 | 0.5 | 26th | Kössein massif |
| Cross stone | 838 | 4.1 | 112 | Cruciform group |
| Muckenreuther Rangen | 836 | 1.8 | 44 | Cruciform group |
| Klausenberg | 835 | 2.5 | 29 | Cruciform group |
| Plate (group of cross stones) | 830 | 2.2 | 53 | Cruciform group |
| Great Kornberg | 827 | 10.1 | 260 | Kornberg |
| High matzo | 813 | 3.2 | 93 | Schneeberg massif |
| Hüttenberg (at the Fichtelsee) | 804 | 0.8 | 38 | Fichtelnaabtal |
| (nameless) | 801 | 1.6 | 37 | Königsheide |
| Scheibenberg | 800 | 1.6 | 29 | Cruciform group |
| Epprechtstein | 798 | 1.1 | 65 | Waldstein |
| Bear height | 785 | 2.5 | 29 | Waldstein |
| Kaiserberg | 777 | 0.4 | 10 | Fichtelnaabtal |
| Dürrberg | 770 | 0.4 | 13 | Cruciform group |
| Lehstenberg | 768 | 1.4 | 43 | Waldstein |
| Schauerberg | 767 | 0.5 | 25th | Kössein massif |
| Hüttenberg (Kreuzstein group) | 758 | 0.9 | 12 | Cruciform group |
| Gregnitzhügel | 756 | 0.4 | 18th | Fichtelnaabtal |
| Wolfstein | 754 | 0.9 | 22nd | Schneeberg massif |
| Hasenberg | 751 | 0.6 | 24 | Fichtelnaabtal |
| Krügel | 751 | 0.5 | 13 | Cruciform group |
| Little cut | 747 | 1.2 | 29 | Waldstein |
| Schanzberg | 742 | 0.7 | 57 | Cruciform group |
| Eisenberg (Fichtel Mountains) | 733 | 0.5 | 16 | Cruciform group |
| Slate mountain | 722 | 0.5 | 35 | Cruciform group |
| Rabenberg | 720 | 2.1 | 51 | Kornberg |
| Tannenberg | 711 | 1.6 | 99 | Cruciform group |
| Little Kornberg | 687 | 2.1 | 29 | Waldstein |
| Grünersberg | 687 | 1.2 | 40 | Kössein massif |
| Schwarzberg | 682 | 1.8 | 40 | Cruciform group |
| Mittelberg | 670 | 0.7 | 42 | Cruciform group |
| Bear ranks | 656 | 1.6 | 14th | Kössein massif |
| Oberberg (flour chisel) | 649 | 1.1 | 22nd | Fichtelnaabtal |
| Iskaraberg | 637 | 0.7 | 55 | Cruciform group |
| Oberberg (Marktredwitz) | 634 | 2.2 | 25th | Kössein massif |
| Mainberg | 623 | 1.2 | 14th | Main mountain ridge |
| Naabrangen | 607 | 2.1 | 18th | Cruciform group |
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac The Fichtel Mountains in the Bavarian Atlas of the Bavarian State Government : main ridge line, watersheds, natural areas and main mountains ( notes )
- ^ Emil Meynen , Josef Schmithüsen (Ed.): Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany . Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Remagen / Bad Godesberg 1953–1962 (9 deliveries in 8 books, updated map 1: 1,000,000 with main units 1960).
- ^ Regional structure of Bavaria by the LfU
- ↑ If you want to demarcate the Hohe Matze, you wouldn’t have to follow the B 3 exactly to the northeast, since it runs entirely on the Matze from the notch, but the Zinnbach .
- ↑ Goals for individual sub-areas , Regional Planning Association Upper Franconia East
- ↑ Königsheide and Kreuzstein group , Fichtelgebirgsverein Wunsiedel
- ↑ The (Neusorg-) Schwarzenreuth bordering Ebnath in higher elevations was not included in this sub-area.