Schönwald (Bavaria)

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Schönwald
Schönwald (Bavaria)
Map of Germany, position of the city Schönwald highlighted

Coordinates: 50 ° 12 '  N , 12 ° 5'  E

Basic data
State : Bavaria
Administrative region : Upper Franconia
County : Wunsiedel in the Fichtel Mountains
Height : 648 m above sea level NHN
Area : 19.19 km 2
Residents: 3221 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 168 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 95173
Area code : 09287
License plate : WUN, MAK, REH , SEL
Community key : 09 4 79 150
City structure: 16 districts

City administration address : 		Schulstrasse 6
95173 Schönwald
Website : www.stadtschoenwald.de
Mayor : Klaus Jaschke ( SPD )
Location of the town of Schönwald in the Wunsiedel district in the Fichtel Mountains
Martinlamitzer Forst-Süd Meierhöfer Seite Weißenstadter Forst-Süd Weißenstadter Forst-Nord Tröstauer Forst-West Tröstauer Forst-Ost Selb Neubauer Forst-Süd Kaiserhammer Forst-Ost Vordorfer Forst Selb Selb Hohenberg an der Eger Hohenberg an der Eger Marktleuthen Thierstein (Fichtelgebirge) Selb Selb Wunsiedel Weißenstadt Tröstau Thiersheim Schönwald (Bayern) Schirnding Röslau Marktredwitz Kirchenlamitz Hohenberg an der Eger Höchstädt im Fichtelgebirge Arzberg (Oberfranken) Bad Alexandersbad Nagel (Fichtelgebirge) Tschechien Landkreis Tirschenreuth Landkreis Bayreuth Landkreis Hof Kaiserhammer Forst-Ostmap
About this picture

Schönwald is a town in the Upper Franconian district of Wunsiedel in the Fichtel Mountains , on the border with the Czech Republic . The closest regional center is Selb , together with the nearby Czech city of Aš .

geography

Geographical location

The city of Schönwald is located in the northeastern part of Bavaria ; to the border triangle Bayern- Sachsen -Tschechien there are only about 15 km away, the border triangle Bavaria-Saxony- Thuringia km 25 and the Czech border five kilometers in a straight line . It is the northernmost town in the district, about 20 kilometers separate it from Wunsiedel and 45 from Bayreuth . The state capital Munich is 230 kilometers away.

Schönwald forms the northern cornerstone of the horseshoe-shaped Fichtelgebirge . The city's local mountain is the Great Kornberg . In the district of Reichenbach , the Lohbach and the Lauterbach become the Perlenbach , which continues to flow northwest and flows into the Schwesnitz in Rehau . Large parts of the urban area are forest areas.

Selb and its district of Vielitz are located southeast of Schönwald, while Rehau is to the north. Schwarzenbach an der Saale borders the opposite side of the Kornberg, and Marktleuthen and Kirchenlamitz are ten kilometers to the southwest . In the northeast is Aš on the Czech side .

City structure

The city of Schönwald is divided into 16 districts:

geology

With the Kornberg there is a granite stock made of hard core granite in Schönwald's surroundings. Schönwald itself lies in a strip of mica slate running diagonally from southwest to northeast on the Cambrian strata. Quartzite can be found below the Rabenberg . A smaller strip of gneiss connects to the south, which includes the Selber districts of Erkersreuth and Vielitz. In the north there is a phyllite area with Pilgramsreuth and Rehau. This rock originated from the Phycode series, under the Silurian Frauenbach layers on both sides and sandy slates. The rock Steinriesl near the Perlenhaus is also made of phyllite.

Overall, the Schönwald soil can be described as low in lime and nitrogen, as well as impermeable to water and cold.

Origin of name

Welcome signs at the entrance to Schönwald

The meaning of the city name has not been conclusively clarified. The meaning of beautiful forest is obvious . As early as 1316 the name was handed down as "Scho (e) nwalde", 1360-1370 as "Schoenenwald", 1418 as Schönwaldt and 1421 as Schönwald . Wolf-Armin von Reitzenstein concludes from this that in Middle High German it was actually a beautiful forest, i.e. a well usable forest. Another interpretation refers to the designation of the place as "Schonwald" in the early years, or as "Schonwalde" in the years 1412, 1437 and 1442 and as "Schonnwaldt", "Schonwald" and "Schonwalt" in the land register of the six offices from 1499. An attempt to explain it is the establishment of a farm on the edge of the forest of the Großer Kornberg in the course of extensive clearing , which was occupied by a forest ranger to protect the forest. This very farm was probably called "Zum Schonwalde"; in the case of Schönwald, it is a matter of a settlement near the protected forest.

history

Schönwald. Watercolor by Siegfried Schieweck-Mauk, Eichstätt

Until the church is planted

There were first signs of settlement in the 12th century: Around 1125/32 the Margrave Diepold III. von Vohburg the Benediktbeuern monastery a forest area that stretched between "Vilice" (Vielitz) and "Swirznice" (the Schwesnitz , or today's Perlenbach ) and thus also included Schönwald. The Haselbach between Vielitz and Brunn (“Coselbach”) in the south and the Tännigbach (“Spantanne”) in the south can be conjectured as the boundaries of this area later called “Schönwalder Forest” . The document also mentions that the forest extended "70 feet" beyond the Perlenbach; this roughly corresponds to today's Schönwalder urban area. Probably Diepold III wanted. found a Benedictine monastery in this area .

With the death of the margrave in 1146, the area fell back to the empire; the emergency forestry held the office of forester. A first written reference exists from 1316, when Fritz Forster the monastery Waldsassen gave his court; a manor must have been founded earlier. If the area originally belonged to the Egerland , at the beginning of the 15th century it was transferred to the Burgraviate of Nuremberg ; a decades-long conflict broke out between the two parties. In 1412 the Forster sold Schönwald with all other possessions to the burgrave Johann III. In 1417 the Schönwalder manor was owned by Hans Thoss , but Conrad von Aufseß wanted it too. In 1420 King Siegmund of Bohemia handed over Schönwald to Reinhard and Margarete Weiß, daughter of Hans Thoß, as a fiefdom of the Egerland. When the Kneussel estate and village received a loan from the margrave in 1437, the disputes were over.

From 1465 to 1622 Schönwald belonged to the Lords of Thela . In the following years the owners changed often: First the village passed to the Brandenburg-Kulmbach chamberlain Balthasar Friedrich Rab, in 1696 to the councilor Jobst Bernhard von Lindenfels and in 1711 to the councilor Wolf Christof von Schmid.

Around 1777 the knight's seat moved from the palace next to the Protestant church to the newly built palace in Sophienreuth . The Margraviate of Ansbach-Bayreuth became part of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1791 . After four years of French military administration, the place became part of the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1810 . In 1818 Göringsreuth, Grünauer Vorwerk, Grünauer Mühle, Grünhaid, Kleppermühle and Sophienreuth joined together with the main town to form the political community of Schönwald.

19th and 20th centuries

The village, which was previously characterized by the weaving trade , quickly developed into a workers' place through industrialization , especially through the porcelain factory built in 1879. It was raised to the market in 1938.

In the Second World War , Schönwald was largely spared from fighting. It was not until April 19, 1945 that artillery bombardment came about by the US 358th Infantry Regiment, 90th Infantry Division. The fighting, which lasted from morning to afternoon with the exception of a lunch break, resulted in various damage to buildings and factories as well as the death of three people. This was followed by the occupation by American troops, which was initially accompanied by severe restrictions (e.g. curfews ) in public life for the citizens . In the next few months there was a military government in Schönwald with the temporarily appointed German mayor Gustav Arnold, who handed over his official duties on June 20, 1945 to the first "regular" mayor Heinrich Voigt. Some troops withdrew in September 1945.

On May 17, 1954, the Bavarian Minister of the Interior and Deputy Prime Minister Wilhelm Hoegner Schönwald granted city rights .

Incorporations

On January 1, 1978, parts of the dissolved communities Lauterbach and Vielitz were incorporated.

Population development

Between 1988 and 2018, the population fell from 3,981 to 3,219 by 762 inhabitants or 19.1%.

religion

Church square with Protestant parish hall and parish church
Catholic parish church of St. Marien

The Evangelical parish of Schönwald is located in Schönwald, to which the parishes of Schönwald and Spielberg are subordinate. She is part of the Deanery Selb . In 2012 the parish of Schönwald had 2098 members. It has a kindergarten and a day care center. Tilla Noack has been the pastor since August 2012, and Elke Pröbstl is currently the second pastor.

On the Catholic side there is the parish of St. Marien Schönwald, which, in addition to its main town, also extends over parts of Selb (Heidelheim, Lauterbach, Selb-Plößberg, Spielberg and Vielitz) and Rehaus (Neuhausen). It is the northernmost parish in the diocese of Regensburg and has the subsidiary community of St. Josef Selb-Plößberg. The Schönwalder parish has a kindergarten and the Kolping youth. Until 2008 she also had a nurses' station with nuns of the Sisters of the Divine Redeemer . The pastor's office is held by John Arolichalil from India.

In Schönwald there is an ecumenical care service that is supported by the parishes of both denominations. Most of the Turkish Muslims belong to the Turkish-Islamic community of Selb.

politics

9
7th
9 7th 
A total of 16 seats
Town hall of Schönwald

City council

The city council has 16 members.

Composition since 2014:

(Status: local elections 2020)

coat of arms

With the receipt of the market status in 1938 Schönwald was awarded a coat of arms. The blazon reads: "Under the silver and black quartered shield head in silver on a green three-hill standing side by side three green conifers." The fourth shield head indicates the former rule of the Margraviate Brandenburg-Bayreuth. The three hills refer to the location of Schönwald in the Fichtel Mountains, the spruces to the tree species of the forest there.

Town twinning

The twin town has been Pusignan in the French department of Rhône since 1984 ; The schools in question have been friends with each other since 1986. The association for the maintenance of Franco-German relations regularly organizes trips to Pusignan.

Culture and sights

Architectural monuments

music

In Schönwald there are several groups and music associations, including the brass band De Kreabröihmusikanten and the mountain and folk costume association Alpenrose , which regularly organizes folk music concerts. The various church choirs also contribute to musical life: the Catholic parish has a schola, the Protestant parish has a trombone choir, the church choir Laudate and the youth choir Inspiration . In addition, some of the lessons at the Selber Music School take place in Schönwald.

Green spaces and recreation

View of the station park

Due to its location in rural areas, Schönwald is surrounded by forest, arable and meadow areas, which results in numerous hiking opportunities in the vicinity, especially on the Kornberg. In addition to the rather small size of the town, this also explains why Schönwald does not have any large parks . Popular excursion destinations in the immediate vicinity of the city are the Sophienreuth Palace and the Kleppermühle , the ponds in the Au near Neuenbrand, the Altes Pfarrhaus restaurant in the forest on the Göringsreuth and the area around the Merzenhaus.

There is a small leisure park on the Grünhaid and a heated outdoor pool in the nearby Perlenbachtal. The slope of the Kornberg can be used for cross-country skiing and skiing in winter.

Sports

The Schönwald football clubs include 1. FC Schönwald and SC Grünhaid, each of which has its own football pitch. The SC Grünhaid also has a table tennis section . TV Schönwald covers the disciplines badminton , handball , Nordic walking , judo , athletics , table tennis and gymnastics . There is also a sports fishing club, a bowling club, a chess club, a shooting club as well as a disabled and disabled sports club in town.

Economy and Infrastructure

The place is known for the Schönwald porcelain factory, which has been located there for over 125 years . The Bavarian Porcelain Route runs through the town.

traffic

The city is located on the highway 93 and is crossed by the federal highway 15 . Schönwald has a stop on the Cheb – Oberkotzau railway line , where there is a connection to trains on the Hof – Selb railway line ( KBS 858) and via Aš and Cheb to Marktredwitz . Occasional buses run by the Fichtelgebirge transport association run to Selb from Monday to Friday . On school days there is an early connection to Wunsiedel , on Saturday there is a single bus connection to Marktredwitz.

education

Schönwald primary school

In the village there is the Schönwald elementary school , a primary school from the 1st to the 4th grade. Some courses of the Marktredwitz adult education center also take place in the rooms . The primary school has a partnership with the Ascher Základní škola. There is also a city library in the school building. The elementary and partial secondary school was built according to plans by the Nuremberg architects Niederwöhrmeier + Kief .

Others

The city belongs to the cross-border microregion Friends in the heart of Europe .

Personalities

Daughters and sons of the city

Personalities who have worked in Schönwald

literature

Web links

Commons : Schönwald  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ↑ Note: All kilometers are measured as the shortest distance from city center to city center.
  3. ↑ http://www.bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de/orte/ortssuche_action.html ? Anzeige=voll&modus=automat&tempus=+20111206/192607&attr=OBJ&val= 1308
  4. ↑ a b Helmut Reinel: On the geology and climate of Schönwald and the surrounding area. In: The Seven Star. Edition 2/2011
  5. ↑ Julius Neidhardt, et al .: Hiking guide through the Fichtelgebirge . 6th edition. Hoermann-Verlag, Hof / Saale 1987, ISBN 3-88267-026-6 , p. 12–13 and pp. 21–22 .
  6. ↑ a b c Werner Simon: The Schönwalder Forest - origin, characteristics, future. In Der Siebenstern , issue 2/2011
  7. ^ Wolf-Armin von Reitzenstein : Lexicon of Franconian place names . C. H. Beck, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-406-59131-0 , pp. 201 f .
  8. ↑ a b Dietmar Herrmann: Fichtelgebirge, Bavarian Vogtland, Steinwald, Bayreuther Land - Lexicon . AckermannVerlag, Hof 2000, ISBN 3-929364-18-2 , p. 595-599 .
  9. ↑ Hans Wohlrab, Schönwalder Heimatbuch, 1968
  10. ↑ Home History Working Group, Schönwald , in Der Siebenstern , Edition 2/2011
  11. ↑ Manfred Schneider, Ulrich Pfleger, Erich Kolberg: End of War Schönwald 1945. Recounted according to documents and eyewitness reports . Ed .: Working group on home history (=  contributions to home history ). Verlag G. Arzberger, Selb-Oberweißbach 1995, ISBN 3-927313-14-9 .
  12. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 700 .
  13. ↑ ´s Kirngblaa'l , Congregational Letter of the Evang. Parishes of Schönwald and Spielberg, edition 89, p. 16  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.6 MB)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.evang-schoenwald.de  
  14. ↑ Description of the parish area on the website of the parish of St. Marien Schönwald
  15. ↑ Information on the twin town Pusignan on the website of the town of Schönwald
  16. ↑ For example: Promotion of the third grades of the elementary schools Schönwald and Aš ( Memento of the original from January 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.vs-schoenwald.de
  17. ^ N + K elementary and secondary school in Schönwald. Retrieved August 11, 2020 .