Primorsk (Kaliningrad)
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Primorsk
Приморск
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Primorsk ( Russian Приморск ; German Fischhausen , Schönewick in the 13th century ) is a city in the Baltiysk Rajon ( Pillau district ) in the Russian Kaliningrad Oblast ( Königsberg region (Prussia) ).
location
The small town is located in the historic Prussia region , on a bay on the north coast of the Fresh Lagoon . The regional center of Kaliningrad ( Königsberg ) is about 30 kilometers to the east. The so-called Amber Coast on the Baltic Sea runs in the immediate vicinity . East of the city which lies Kapornsche Heide with the Four Brothers column . Lochstedt Castle is 5 km west of the city .
history
Around 1266, the Bishop of Samland built Schönewick Castle on the north bank of the Frischer Haff. The place is mentioned for the first time in 1268 as aput castrum nostrum Schonewik . The name is hardly likely to derive from a Germanic term, but from the Prussian field name Skanevīs , which refers to the river of the same name and means "sounding, sounding, sounding". In 1299, the bishop commissioned some locators to found a town next to the castle with settlers from Stralsund . On September 14, 1305, the Samland bishop Siegfried von Reinstein gave the city the first hand festivals . In the next few years the city also bore the name Schönewick, but the name soon changed, and around 1320 it was generally called Bischoveshusen, which means something like 'dwelling of the bishop'. In 1326 the name castrum Vischhusen appears for the castle . Around the 15th century, the town's place name Vischhausen gradually developed from the previous name Bischoveshusen . In the years 1305 to 1315 a church was built in the Gothic brick style.
In 1525 the Prussian Duke Albrecht married the Danish Princess Dorothea in the Fischhausen castle chapel. His mentally weak son Albrecht Friedrich lived in the castle until his death in 1618.
When Prussia reorganized its administration after the Congress of Vienna , Fischhausen became the district town of the Fischhausen district in 1818 . With the construction of the East Prussian Southern Railway , the city received a rail link to both Königsberg and Pillau. In 1885, 2758 people lived in Fischhausen, which at that time was mainly an agricultural town. In addition, there was fishing, and there were brickworks and sawmills in the city.
When in 1939 the districts of Fischhausen and Königsberg were merged to form the new district of Samland , Fischhausen lost its status as a district town and the new seat of the district administration came to Königsberg . At the 1939 census , the order town of Fischhausen with Carlshof , Ludwigsfelde , Milchbude, Neuendorf , Rosenthal and Schäferhof had a total of 3879 inhabitants. When the Soviet front approached Fischhausen in April 1945, its inhabitants fled. On April 16, the city was attacked by Soviet troops and completely destroyed.
After the war ended, the city came to the Soviet Kaliningrad Oblast and was renamed Primorsk on September 7, 1946. The name Primorsk can be translated as a city by the sea . Until July 25, 1947, the city was formally the administrative seat of Primorsk Raion . After the dissolution of Primorsk Raion on December 12, 1962, the city, which was not rebuilt to the same extent as before the war, was subordinated to the city soviet Svetly on August 15, 1963 . In 1996 it was assigned to the Baltiysk District, today's Baltiysk Raion . In the years 2005 to 2008 Primorsk was downgraded to an urban-type settlement .
Fischhausen Ordensburg
Around 1266, the Bishop of Samland built Schönewick Castle on the north bank of the Frischer Haff. The place is mentioned for the first time in 1268 as aput castrum nostrum Schonewik . The name is hardly likely to derive from a Germanic term, but from the Prussian field name Skanevīs, which refers to the river of the same name and means "sounding, sounding, sounding".
On September 14, 1305, the Samland bishop Siegfried von Reinstein gave the city the first hand festivals . In the next few years the city also bore the name Schönewick, but the name soon changed, and around 1320 it was generally called Bischoveshusen, which means something like 'dwelling of the bishop'. In 1326 the name castrum Vischhusen appears for the castle. Around the 15th century, the town's place name Vischhausen gradually developed from the previous name Bischoveshusen.
The castle fell into disrepair at the end of the 17th century, and Prussian King Friedrich I had it demolished and used the stones to build the fortress in Pillau .
The ruins of Fischhausen Castle have been preserved.
Domain Fischhausen District (1874–1930)
A - On June 13, 1874 - in addition to the township Fischhausen District domain Fischhausen formed, which existed until 1930 and the county Fischhausen in the administrative district of Konigsberg the Prussian province of East Prussia belonged. Initially, three rural communities (LG) and three manor districts (GB) were assigned to him:
| German name | Russian name | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Dargen (LG) | Lunino | |
| Littausdorf (LG) | Sorino | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Sanglienen |
| Sanglien (LG) | Kmelevka | |
| Fischhausen, domain (GB) | Primorsk | 1928 incorporated into the municipality of Fischhausen |
| Gaffken (GB) | Parusnoye | Converted to a rural community in 1928 |
| Osterau (GB) | Ossetrovo | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Gaffken |
| from 1900: Neuendorf (GB) | Divnoye | 1928 incorporated into the municipality of Fischhausen |
Due to the incorporation of the Fischhausen domain into the municipality of Fischhausen, the Fischhausen domain was dissolved on April 23, 1930, and the still associated places Dargen, Gaffken and Sanglienen were reclassified to the neighboring Tenkitten district .
Population development
Until 1945
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1768 | 876 | |
| 1782 | 1.110 | in 128 households (fireplaces) |
| 1798 | 992 | |
| 1810 | 1,017 | |
| 1828 | 1,480 | |
| 1831 | 1,504 | |
| 1852 | 1.956 | |
| 1875 | 2,459 | |
| 1880 | 2,562 | |
| 1885 | 2,758 | |
| 1890 | 2,874 | including 28 Catholics and 20 Jews |
| 1900 | 2,764 | mostly evangelicals |
| 1925 | 3,004 | |
| 1933 | 3,492 | |
| 1939 | 3,879 |
Since 1945
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1959 | 2,049 | |
| 1970 | 1,730 | |
| 1979 | 1,706 | |
| 1989 | 1,792 | |
| 2002 | 2,150 | |
| 2010 | 1.956 | As of October 14th |
Note: census data
church
Church building
A church was built in Fischhausen in the first half of the 14th century. It was a brick building with a just closed choir and tower. In front of the entrance were life-size figures depicting Saint Adalbert , Bishop Georg von Polenz and Jesus Christ . They were gifts from King Friedrich Wilhelm IV. The church, which has been used as a Protestant church since the Reformation , survived the Second World War in a badly damaged condition. In the early 1960s, the old town center of Fischhausen (today located in the east of the city) was leveled together with the church ruins. Only a few stone fragments of the church building can be seen.
Local parish
Fischhausen is an old church town. A parish was founded here in 1305. From 1264 to 1523 Fischhausen was even the seat of the Bishop of Samland . Before 1945, Fischhausen was the seat of a church district named after him within the church province of East Prussia of the Protestant Church of the Old Prussian Union . In 1925, the parish of Fischhausen had 4,473 parishioners who lived in 15 parish towns and were looked after by two pastors. Flight and expulsion of the local population put an end to church life in Fischhausen. The demolition of the church sealed the fate of the parish.
Today Primorsk is in the catchment area of the Evangelical Lutheran parish in Swetly (Zimmerbude) , a branch of the Resurrection Church in Kaliningrad (Königsberg) in the Kaliningrad provost of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia .
Fischhausen church district
After the Reformation , the Fischhausen inspection was formed , to which the parishes in Fischhausen (today Russian: Primorsk), Germau (Russkoje), Heiligenkreutz (Salskoje), Kumehnen (Kumatschowo), Lochstädt (Pawlowo) with Alt Pillau (Baltijsk), Laptau ( Muromskoje), Medenau (Logwino), Pillau (Baltijsk), Powunden (Chrabrowo), Sankt Lorenz (Salskoje) and Thierenberg (Dunajewka, no longer existent) belonged. Laptau and Powunden were reclassified into the Schaaken inspection (Schemtschuschnoje) in 1779 .
In 1925 the Fischhausen parish had 47,159 church members, who were spread over 14 parishes in western and south-western Samland. 15 pastors were active in the district.
The parishes of the church of the Old Prussian Union belonged to the Fischhausen parish - one of 13 in the Königsberg administrative region - in the church province of East Prussia :
| German name | Russian name |
| Old Pillau (Pillau II) | Baltiysk |
| Fischhausen | Primorsk |
| Germau | Russkoye |
| Heiligenkreutz | Krasnotorovka |
| Kumehn | Kumachovo |
| Lochstädt | Pavlovo |
| Medenau / Groß Heydekrug (1939–1946: Großheidekrug) | Logwino / Wsmorje |
| Palm nod | Jantarny |
| Pillau (Pillau I) | Baltiysk |
| Pobethen | Romanowo |
| Saint Lawrence | Salskoye |
| Thierenberg | Dunayevka |
| Wargs | Kotelnikowo |
| Room shack | Swetly |
coat of arms
Blazon : "A golden bishop's staff and a golden sword crossed diagonally in blue, in the lower of the angle formed by it a rising, silver fish."
The city was founded in 1305 by the bishop of Samland, Siegfried von Regenstein (1269-1314). The lowered sword, crossed diagonally with the bishop's staff is the coat of arms of the diocese. City seals are only known from the end of the 17th century.
Twin town
The Holstein town of Pinneberg has sponsored the Fischhausen district.
sons and daughters of the town
- Arnold Federmann (1877–1952), German art historian
- Margarete Federmann (1882–1965), German painter
- Gustav Kordgien (1838–1907), philologist
- Arno Motulsky (1923–2018), German-American geneticist
- Karl Pokern (1895–1933), German butcher, worker athlete and victim of the Köpenick Blood Week
- Dietrich von Saucken (1892–1980), German general
- Erika Maria Wiegand (1921–2009), German artist and sculptor
- Wilhelm Wien (1864–1928), physicist, Nobel Prize winner
photos
Four Brothers Column (1717)
Fischhausen Castle (1684)
Fischhausen ruins, 1st floor
Fischhausen ruins, 2nd floor
Grave slab of Fischhausen in the Wüppels church
literature
- Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia. Part I, Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, pp. 8–9, No. 2).
- Leopold Krug : The Prussian Monarchy; presented topographically, statistically and economically. According to official sources. Part I: Province of Prussia. Berlin 1833, pp. 106-109.
- August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland. Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, pp. 503–507, no. 97.
- Karl Emil Gebauer : Customer of the Samland or history and topographical-statistical picture of the East Prussian landscape Samland. Königsberg 1844 S. 93rd .
- Gustav A. Scheiba: History of the city of Fischhausen. Festschrift to celebrate the 600th anniversary of the city of Fischhausen on August 19, 1905. C. Wilutzki, Fischhausen 1905.
Web links
- District community Fischhausen e. V.
- Photo collection Primorsk, with the ruins of the castle (от замка Фишхаузен) and a new Orthodox church
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 6, Leipzig and Vienna 1906, p. 622.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h F. W. Schubert: About the origin of the name of the city Fischhausen . In: Preußische Provinzialblätter , Volume 1, Königsberg 1829, pp. 409–411.
- ^ Rolf Jehke: Tenkitten district
- ↑ a b c d Leopold Krug : The Prussian Monarchy; presented topographically, statistically and economically. According to official sources . Part I: Province of Prussia . Berlin 1833, p. 106.
- ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I, Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, pp. 8–9, No. 2).
- ^ August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, pp. 503–507, no. 97.
- ^ Kraatz: Topographical-statistical manual of the Prussian state . Berlin 1856, p. 156.
- ↑ a b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the Reich in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. samland.html # ew33fschfischhausen. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Walther Hubatsch : History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia. Volume II: Pictures of East Prussian Churches. Göttingen 1968, p. 32, Figs. 34 and 35
- ↑ Walther Hubatsch: History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia. Volume III: Documents. Göttingen 1968, p. 454
- ^ Evangelical Lutheran Provosty of Kaliningrad ( Memento of August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Walther Hubatsch: History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia. Volume III: Documents. Göttingen 1968, pp. 453-455
- ↑ Status: 1925 (census)
- ^ Erich Keyser : German city book - manual urban history. Volume I Northeast Germany. W. Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart 1939, pp. 48-49
- ^ Otto Hupp : German coat of arms. Kaffee-Handels-Aktiengesellschaft , Bremen 1925
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