Limbach (Baden)

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 49 ° 28 '  N , 9 ° 13'  E
Basic data
State :	Baden-Württemberg
Administrative region :	Karlsruhe
County :	Neckar-Odenwald district
Height :	361 m above sea level NHN
Area :	43.61 km 2
Residents:	4432 (December 31, 2018)
Population density :	102 inhabitants per km 2
Postcodes :	74838, 74834
Area code :	06287
License plate :	MOS, BCH
Community key :	08 2 25 052
Community structure:	7 districts
Address of the municipal administration:	Muckentaler Strasse 9 74838 Limbach
Website :	www.limbach.de
Mayor :	Thorsten Weber (independent)
Location of the Limbach community in the Neckar-Odenwald district

Limbach is a municipality on the southeastern edge of the Odenwald in the Neckar-Odenwald district in Baden-Württemberg . It belongs to the European metropolitan region of Rhine-Neckar (until May 20, 2003 the Lower Neckar region and until December 31, 2005 the Rhine-Neckar-Odenwald region ). The municipality is located around 13 kilometers northeast of Mosbach , around eight kilometers south of Mudau and around eleven kilometers west of Buchen and is a recognized resort.

geography

Geographical location

The municipality is located in the Neckartal-Odenwald nature park at an altitude of between 280 and 548 meters above sea ​​level . The individual districts are geographically embedded in shallow spring hollows. From the perspective of the wandering human being, these valleys form deep cuts in the plateau of the Odenwald in Baden .

Half of the district area is forested and drained from the Elz and Trienzbach to the Neckar .

geology

Geologically, the municipality of Limbach is assigned to the eastern part of the Odenwald, the Buntsandstein-Odenwald . The red Odenwälder red sandstone was deposited around 215 to 225 million years ago during the Triassic . The red sandstone is divided into the lower (older), the middle and the upper (younger) red sandstone. The middle red sandstone was formed from sand, gravel, scree under very dry, desert-like conditions and was consolidated by pressure through layers deposited over it. The layers of the upper red sandstone were deposited in shallow sea basins that occasionally dried up again. Wider valleys and gentler hills can be found where the softer upper sandstone is. The middle red sandstone, on the other hand, is more silicified and harder. The slopes are steeper and the streams have dug themselves deeper. In the many millions of years after the Buntsandstein was formed, the area was repeatedly below or above sea level. Further layers of rock, those of the mussel limestone , the Keuper and the Jura, were deposited. Due to the elevation of the Black Forest, Vosges, Odenwald and Palatinate Forest and the formation of the Upper Rhine Rift , the most raised layers of rock were also increasingly removed. In the western Odenwald, all layers except for the crystalline bedrock have disappeared. In the eastern Odenwald the layers of red sandstone were preserved. Further to the east and south-east the layers of shell limestone have not yet been removed and the red sandstone is submerged under the shell limestone. The Neckar Valley, which separates the Kleiner Odenwald from the rest of the Odenwald, is a defining feature of the Buntsandstein-Odenwald . The Neckar has dug in here with high relief energy deep into the mountains to heraushebende of red sandstone Odenwald. The heights are 300 m above the valley floor. The Katzenbuckel , a former volcano and the highest point in the Odenwald, is located near the municipal area . The Katzenbuckel is a geological specialty. After the volcanic eruption, the basalt was penetrated by another magma, so that a chimney made of another rock, the shonkinite, sits in the basalt . Both the basalt and the shonkinite are open and easy to recognize for visitors to the Katzenbuckels.

Neighboring communities

Limbach borders (clockwise from the north) on the municipalities of Mudau, Buchen, Seckach, Schefflenz, Elztal, Fahrenbach, Mosbach and Waldbrunn.

Community structure

The former communities of Balsbach, Heidersbach, Krumbach, Laudenberg, Limbach, Scheringen and Wagenschwend belong to the municipality of Limbach. Only the villages of the same name belong to the former communities of Balsbach, Scheringen and Wagenschwend. The village Heidersbach and the house Heidersbacher Mühle belong to the former municipality of Heidersbach. The village of Krumbach and the house Mühle belong to the former municipality of Krumbach. The village of Laudenberg and the houses Jagdhaus and Schneidemühle belong to the former municipality of Laudenberg. The village Limbach and the Limbacher Mühle house belong to the former municipality of Limbach in the 1972 borders.

history

The Catholic parish church of St. Valentin in Limbach

Until the 18th century

Around 400 BC, Celts settled almost all of southern Germany. The community area was covered by primeval forest and unpopulated. Teutons displaced the Celts westward across the Rhine to France. Around 70 BC the Romans also occupied the southeastern Odenwald.

The Neckar-Odenwald-Limes was built around the year 98 under Emperor Trajan . It ran north from Bad Wimpfen via Neckarburken, Sattelbach, Fahrenbach, Trienz, Oberscheidental, Schloßau and Hesselbach to the Main . The western part of the municipality was in the Roman ruled Upper Germania . Around 159 the Limes was moved about 30 km to the east on the Walldürn - Osterburken line. Today's municipality was now entirely in Roman territory. From 260 onwards, Roman power fell apart. The Alemanni pushed into the country and settled the country between the Main and Neckar, then came the Franks .

In the 5th century, the Franks under Clovis I divided the country into Gaue. The place Limbach was created in the course of the Frankish colonization on the old long distance route from Wimpfen to Amorbach . Limbach belonged to the Wingarteiba district . Christianization was carried out by Irish Scottish monks such as Pirmin and Bonifatius . A wide-meshed settlement network was created on the limestone soils of today's building land , which are favorable for agriculture . The rear Odenwald with its barren red sandstone soils was still free of settlement.

A donation recorded in the Lorsch Codex from the year 790 with the place name Ansiringa in the Gau Wingartheiba could refer to Scheringen. The village celebrated its 1200th anniversary in 1990. From the 9th century, settlements were established in the south-eastern Odenwald near the now more densely populated building land and the rock boundary between shell limestone and red sandstone was crossed. In the High Middle Ages, the Benedictine monastery Amorbach systematically established clearing settlements in the forest area south of Amorbach. Many localities have their origin here. At the same time, settlements were created by the nobility (Zwingenberg, Lohrbach) in cooperation / competition with the Amorbach monastery. The hooves, the local rule and the entitlement to the large and small tithe were divided. These places have been under the Bailiwick of the Lords of Dürn since the 12th century and were assigned to the nearby Wildenberg Castle (also Wildenburg Castle). The castle Limbach was built, probably as Staufer imperial castle. The village of Limbach, originally located above the Lautzenklinge, was moved near the castle. The castle was the seat of royal people.

By purchase in 1271, the rulership rights came to the Archbishopric Mainz . Mudau was the main town of the upper, the 'Mudauer Zent '. Bishop Bertold von Würzburg separated the parish Hollerbach from Bödigheim in 1277. Limbach and the surrounding places now belonged to the "ancient mother church of almost the entire Odenwald" Hollerbach. In 1310, Eberhard Schenk von Erbach Limbach received the castle including the taxes and the royal people from Würzburg Bishop Andreas . The Mainz bailiff on the Wildenburg, Konrad Rüdt von Bödigheim, acquired the rights of the Erbach taverns in Limbach for the Archdiocese of Mainz in 1318 . The village of Limbach remained near Kurmainz until 1803 . The Limbacher Burg (palace) served as the official residence of the Upper Schools of Kurmainz. The Knights Pilgrim vom Buchen were enfeoffed with the castle of Limbach around 1350. The list of goods and legal provisions created by Abbot Friedrich Feyser in 1395, the so-called Urbar of the Benedictine Abbey of Amorbach , gave an insight into the rural conditions of the localities in the building land and in the Odenwald. The Electors of the Palatinate and Mainz were commissioned in 1403 to lay down the "robber knight castle" in Zwingenberg. The Zwingenberg rights to the places passed into the possession of the Knights of Hirschhorn and remained there until 1474. The Pilgrim von Limbach ceded their Palatine feudal rights to the Rüdt von Bödigheim around 1403. In 1426 Limbach was separated from the mother parish Hollerbach and became the ecclesiastical center with several branches. Count Palatine Otto II von Mosbach acquired the rights of the Zwingenberger / Hirschhorner in 1474. The Archbishop of Mainz gave the castle and local rule of Limbach to the lords of Adelsheim and, from 1488, Wilhelm Rüdt von Bödigheim as a fief. Since Otto II. Count Palatine von Mosbach died childless in 1499, the Zwingenberg rights fell to the Electoral Palatinate .

In the Peasants' War of 1525, the Amorbach monastery was looted, the Wildenberg castle destroyed and the castle in Limbach burned down. Götz von Berlichingen led the Hellen Haufen. A visit to Würzburg in 1595 marked the beginning of consistent counter-Reformation measures. The Limbach pastors were partly married in the late 16th century and had to be encouraged to obey Catholic teaching and discipline. During the Thirty Years War , friendly and enemy troops marched through the village of Limbach and took up quarters here. Requisitions and looting left the area impoverished. Limbach and Scheringen were sacked in 1632. Wagenschwend was extinct in 1634 and could only be repopulated with difficulty. In the same year the plague raged in large parts of southern Germany. In 1640 Krumbach was also depopulated.

After the Thirty Years' War, only 16 hundred men were counted in the village of Limbach and in 1668 there were 20 stoves with a total of 80 inhabitants. After the Thirty Years' War, Fahrenbach only had 7 houses (new settlers came from Switzerland, Holland and France). The parish Limbach belonged to the diocese of Würzburg until 1656 , then to the archdiocese of Mainz. In 1684 Kurmainz granted the Limbach town market rights . Although there is talk of an epidemic and a plague cemetery outside the village around 1690, the population in the Limbach district had increased to 148 by 1701. In 1773, a new building replaced the previous Gothic building of the parish church. Only the old tower was retained, it was originally a west tower and remained on the north side of the new choir. The castle in Limbach was demolished in 1771.

19th century

The village Limbach came to the Principality of Leiningen in 1803 (residence in Amorbach) through the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , the secularization of the spiritual territories and manors (dissolution of the Electoral Palatinate , Kurmainz ). Three years later the place became part of the Grand Duchy of Baden , Mudau Justice Office. In the years 1831–1833, the laws on the repeal and replacement of the so-called “old taxes” were passed in Baden. The right to tithe was thus extinguished. The redemption took place through the payment of the redemption capital, which was twenty times an average tithe income. The Baden state gave a grant of 20%. The tithe was originally a donation to the Church. The Amorbach monastery had the right to raise a tenth part of the yield from the field (large tithe) and garden (small tithe). The prince of Leiningen had been the legal successor of the abbey since 1803. The redemption capital was to be paid to him. The factories were burdened with a further burden of debt, under which many of them collapsed. Displeasure built up. In the March Revolution of 1848, the Marienhöhe estate in Leiningen near Osterburken and the Princely Leiningische Rentamt in Ernsttal were set on fire. The town halls were stormed, files burned, storehouses looted.

20th century

The Mosbach – Mudau railway line , which was opened in 1905, goes back to plans by the teacher Karl Trunzer, who worked in Limbach until 1899 .

Balsbach and Wagenschwend were separated from the parish Limbach.

In the First World War , fallen and missing: Balsbach 23, Heidersbach 34, Krumbach 3, Laudenberg 31, Limbach 26, Scheringen 10, Wagenschwend 24.

On January 5, 1945, the village of Limbach only narrowly escaped destruction by an air raid. The railway line has been hit. A large number of bombs exploded or sank in the open corridor without causing any major damage. The area of ​​today's Limbach municipality also had to accommodate a large number of displaced persons and refugees. Fallen and missing: Balsbach 28, Heidersbach 52, Krumbach 34, Laudenberg 37, Limbach 80, Scheringen 20, Wagenschwend 45

On January 1, 1973, Balsbach, Laudenberg, Limbach and Wagenschwend merged to form the new municipality of Limbach. On August 1, 1973 Heidersbach was incorporated and on January 1, 1974 Scheringen was incorporated. On July 19, 1975, Krumbach was forcibly incorporated into the newly created municipality with the name Limbach by judgment of the State Court of Baden-Württemberg (state constitutional court). The municipalities of Limbach and Fahrenbach founded the administrative association Limbach-Fahrenbach on January 1st, 1976 .

Coats of arms of the districts

• 

  Balsbach

• 

  Heidersbach

• 

  Krumbach

• 

  Laudenberg

• 

  Limbach

• 

  Shear rings

• 

  Wagenschwend

Population development

year Residents 1809 1425 1845 2633 1939 2645 1950 3803 1961 3789 1970 4179 1982 4236 1987 4295 1991 4537 1992 4621

year Residents 1993 4651 1995 4661 1998 4716 1999 4725 2000 4732 2001 4688 2002 4685 2003 4663 2004 4624 2005 4575

year Residents 2006 4530 2007 4574 2008 4561 2009 4532 2010 4501 2011 4431 2012 4433 2013 4397 2014 4446 2015 4442

year Residents 2016 4402 2017 4433

All figures refer to the current territorial status.

Religions

Approx. 90% belong to the Catholic denomination, approx. 7% to the Protestant denomination.

Catholic churches

• Parish Church of St. Valentin , Limbach
• Branch church Christkönig , Krumbach
• Maria Queen's branch church , Laudenberg
• Parish Church of the Holy Cross , Wagenschwend
• Balsbach monastery and branch church
• Filial church St. Wendelinus , Heidersbach

Protestant churches

• Evangelical parish Mudau for the districts of Balsbach, Laudenberg, Limbach and Scheringen
• Evangelical parish in Fahrenbach for the districts of Krumbach and Wagenschwend
• Evangelical parish in Großeicholzheim for the district of Heidersbach

politics

Municipal council

The parish council typically has 18 honorary members who are elected for five years. Often the number of members increases through compensatory seats (total 2019: 22 seats; 2014: 23). In addition, the mayor acts as the municipal council chairman with voting rights.

The Unechte Teilorteschahl guarantees the districts a fixed number of seats: from the main town of Limbach there are at least six, from the six smaller districts of Balsbach, Heidersbach, Laudenberg, Scheringen, Wagenschwend and Krumbach at least two councilors each.

The 2019 local elections led to the following result (in brackets: difference to 2014):

Municipal Council 2019
Party / list	Share of votes	Seats
CDU	48.5% (−2.4)	11 (−1)
FW Limbach	27.0% (+2.1)	6 (± 0)
SPD	13.3% (−1.7)	3 (± 0)
GA Limbach	11.2% (+2.1)	2 (± 0)
Turnout: 67.3% (+5.7)

mayor

From 2002 to 2018 Bruno Stipp was the mayor of Limbach. He was re-elected for the second term of office on January 17, 2010 with a turnout of 58.5 percent and 98.4 percent of the valid votes cast. On January 28, 2018 Thorsten Weber was elected Stipps' successor. With a turnout of 67.16%, he won the first ballot with 63.91%.

coat of arms

The coat of arms of the village of Limbach was chosen as the coat of arms of the newly created community. The coats of arms of the other formerly independent communities went under.

New municipal coat of arms: In a split shield in front in red a silver (white) lined gold (yellow) miter, through which a golden (yellow) crook rising from the lower edge is stuck, behind in silver (white) two red armored and red tongued blue eagles on top of each other. The miter and crook remind of the former rights of the Benedictine Abbey of Amorbach , the two eagles of the Leiningian rule.

Economy and Infrastructure

Textile and lighting industry as well as craft businesses. The unemployment rate is 6.3%. There are around 1000 employees subject to social insurance contributions in the municipality.

traffic

The federal road 27 ( Blankenburg (Harz) - Schaffhausen ) runs through the municipality .

The former narrow-gauge railway from Mosbach to Mudau was shut down in 1973. On June 8, 1980, a cycling and hiking trail was inaugurated on the route.

The following cycle paths lead through the municipality :

• The 225 km long 3-country cycle route leads as a circular route through the triangle of Hesse, Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria. The route explores the Odenwald along the Mümling, Neckar and Main rivers.
• The Castle Road Cycle Path runs for approx. 1,200 kilometers parallel to the Castle Road tourist route between Mannheim and Prague .
• The Odenwald-Madonnen-Radweg leads over 135-160 kilometers through the Odenwald, the Neckar valley and the Rhine plain.

Public facilities

• A retirement and nursing home

Educational institutions

There is a community school and a pure elementary school in Limbach . There are also three Roman Catholic kindergartens in town.

Culture and sights

The cultural center of the community are the football clubs, which can be found in many districts.

Buildings

• Schlossplatz in the Limbach district, the former location of Limbach Castle
• Catholic parish church St. Valentin in Limbach
• Old mills in Heidersbach and Limbach
• Limes path on the Neckar-Odenwald-Limes
• Day laborer's house in Limbach
• Wagenschwend village museum
• Fire station Scheringen
• Old school building Scheringen

Regular events

• Numerous carnival events
• Limbach Street Festival
• Parish festival St. Valentin Limbach
• Sports festival
• Soap box races, shear rings

Personalities

Honorary citizen

• Alfred Weis, Mayor of the Krumbach community from 1946 to 1975
• Leo Bopp, Former Mayor, Limbach
• Linus Bopp (1887–1971) prelate, Limbach
• Ottmar Volz, pastor, Wagenschwend
• Anton Damm (1874–1962), Mayor of Wagenschwend 1909–1933, honorary citizen of Wagenschwend 1957

Sons and daughters of the church

• Anton Damm (1874–1962), born in Wagenschwend, politician (center), member of the Reichstag

literature

• Theodor Humpert : Churches and Parish Competence Book . Gaggenau, around 1920.

Web links

Commons : Limbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikivoyage: Limbach (Baden)  - travel guide

• Official website of the municipality
• LEO-BW, discover regional studies online Limbach
• Official homepage of Scheringen

Individual evidence

1. ↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
2. ^ The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume V: Karlsruhe District Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1976, ISBN 3-17-002542-2 . Pp. 285-288
3. ↑ Minst, Karl Josef [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 4), Certificate 2901 July 29, 790 - Reg. 2227. In: Heidelberger historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 260 , accessed on April 14, 2015 . 
4. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 478, 484 f .
5. ^ State Statistical Office of Baden-Württemberg: Municipal elections 2019, Limbach ; Limbach municipality: municipal council election 2019 (PDF) ; Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung , May 27, 2019: This is the new local council in Limbach ; accessed June 30, 2019.
6. ^ Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung, Nordbadische Nachrichten, from January 18, 2010, page 3
7. ↑ Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung of January 29, 2018