Demographics of Italy
Italy has a population of approx. 60 million in 2018 and is one of the 25 most populous countries in the world and is in third place within the European Union . The population density is approx. 200 people per km² and is thus above the global average, however below the average of the most densely populated countries in Western Europe . The country is in an advanced phase of demographic transition and has the demographic characteristics typical of highly developed countries. Signs of this are the very advanced aging of the population and a low fertility rate . With a median age of 45.8 years, Italy was already the third oldest society in the world in 2018 and the total fertility rate per woman was just under 1.3 children, well below the level required to maintain the population. Since a high average age and a low birth rate together, the number of excess deaths that of births remained stable for several years and the population can therefore only by immigration in Italy. Italy, which has long been a country of emigration , has therefore become an important destination for immigrants .
As in many other countries, increasing migration from abroad is leading to a change in the population structure. Between 2002 and 2018, the number of foreign residents increased from 1.3 million to 5.1 million and thus reached a share of around 8.5% of the total population. Since the enlargement of the European Union, the last wave of migration came mainly from European countries, especially from Eastern Europe and increasingly from Asia , and replaced North Africa as the most important region of origin. As of 2013, the origins of the foreign-born population were divided as follows: Europe (50.8%), Africa (22.1%), Asia (18.8%), America (8.3%) and Oceania (0, 1 %). In addition to migration from abroad, internal migration is also important. A large number of people migrate from the structurally weak south of the country to the economically much stronger north of the country, which exacerbates the structural problems there and entire parts of the country are deserted.
Historical development
The population of today's Italy at the beginning of the era AD is estimated by historians at 7 to 10 million, with a world population of around 150 million at that time . Today's Italy was the cultural and economic heartland of the Roman Empire . The city of Rome was the largest in the world at that time and was the first to exceed the limit of one million inhabitants. The high population figures were made possible by the resources it extracted from the imperial Roman provinces. The control over the fertile Nile Delta , which supplied the Italian peninsula with wheat , was considered to be crucial for the nutrition of the inhabitants of Rome . Long before the fall of the Roman Empire , there was a significant decline in the population, and contemporary sources report a low birth rate among the native population. With the fall of Rome, the population of what is now Italy changed through the invasion and settlement of Germanic tribes. At the same time, the population of antiquity should not be reached for more than 1000 years.
In the year 1000 the population is estimated at around 5 million. The Black Death , a devastating plague epidemic in the mid- 14th century , significantly reduced the peninsula's population. After that, a long period of population growth began again, ending at the beginning of the 17th century . There was slight, steady growth from the early 18th century to unification in the 1860s, but this was interrupted during the Napoleonic Wars. The first census in 1861 shows a population of 21.8 million. With the unification of the country, a constant modernization of the economy and society begins, which triggers rapid population growth. From the second half of the 19th century to the second half of the 20th century , the population more than doubled, despite high levels of emigration and two world wars, to 51.6 million in 1951. The growth is not even as millions of people migrated from rural Sicily , Calabria and Sardinia to the northern industrial centers of Lombardy and Piedmont . The capital region around Rome also attracted so many migrants that Rome became a city of millions again in the 1930s.
Birth rates remained high until the mid-1970s and then fell rapidly. The reasons for this were the rising level of education, rapid urbanization and increasing access to contraceptives , which were made possible by the economic boom of the post-war period. The fertility per woman fell to one of the lowest levels in the world by the 1990s, while life expectancy rose steadily. Another reason for the persistently low birth rates is that the labor market is considered unfavorable for mothers. This triggered a rapid aging process and by the end of the first decade of the 21st century , one in five Italians was over 65 years old. In 2014, however, the mark of 60 million inhabitants was exceeded for the first time, thanks to increasing immigration. The country is currently facing severe population aging and a future decline in the labor force, which is another challenge for the country, which has been plagued by prolonged economic stagnation and social problems.
Historical population development
year | population |
---|---|
1 | 7,000,0000 to 10,000,000 |
1000 | 5,000,000 |
1350 | 12,000,000 |
1861 | 22,182,377 |
1901 | 32,965,504 |
1911 | 35,845,048 |
1921 | 39,943,528 |
1931 | 41,651,000 |
1951 | 47,515,537 |
1961 | 50,623,569 |
1971 | 54.136.547 |
1981 | 56,556,911 |
1991 | 56.778.031 |
2001 | 56,995,744 |
2011 | 59,433,744 |
Population centers
The distribution of the population is largely uneven. The most densely populated areas are the Po Valley (which makes up almost half of the national population) in northern Italy and the metropolitan areas of Rome and Naples in central and southern Italy, while other extensive areas, such as the plateaus of Rome, Basilicata , the highlands of the Alps and of the Apennines and the island of Sardinia are very sparsely populated. Overall, more than 70% of the population live in the north of the country. Italy is mostly urbanized. The proportion of the urban population was around 70.4% in 2018 and is showing an upward trend. In 1960 it was 59.4%. The largest city in the country is Rome with over 2.9 million inhabitants, while the metropolitan area has 4.3 million inhabitants.
Number of inhabitants of Italian cities in thousands from 1800 to 2010:
1800 | 1850 | 1900 | 1910 | 1920 | 1930 | 1940 | 1950 | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genoa | 91 | 120 | 235 | 272 | 316 | 608 | 635 | 648 | 784 | 812 | 760 | 679 | 610 | 610 |
Turin | 78 | 135 | 336 | 427 | 502 | 597 | 629 | 711 | 1206 | 1178 | 1104 | 963 | 865 | 910 |
Milan | 135 | 242 | 493 | 579 | 836 | 992 | 1116 | 1260 | 1583 | 1724 | 1635 | 1369 | 1256 | 1307 |
Rome | 163 | 175 | 463 | 542 | 692 | 1008 | 1156 | 1652 | 2188 | 2800 | 2831 | 2775 | 2664 | 2744 |
Naples | 427 | 449 | 564 | 723 | 722 | 839 | 866 | 1011 | 1183 | 1233 | 1211 | 1067 | 1005 | 990 |
Palermo | 139 | 180 | 310 | 342 | 394 | 390 | 412 | 491 | 588 | 651 | 700 | 688 | 686 | 656 |
migration
Since its unification, the culture and society of Italy have been strongly influenced by migration . Italy was a country of mass emigration from the late 19th century until the 1970s. Between 1898 and 1914, the peak years of the Italian diaspora , around 750,000 Italians emigrated every year. The main destinations for migration were North and South America and the Italian colonies in Africa ( Eritrea , Somalia and Libya ). European countries to which many Italians migrated from 1950 onwards were France , Germany and Belgium . Nowadays there are in Brazil (25 million), Argentina (20 million), the US (17.8 million), France (5 million), Venezuela (2 million), Uruguay (1.5 million), Canada (1.4 Millions), Australia (800,000), and Germany (776,000) have large numbers of people of full or significant Italian ancestry. Internal migration from rural regions to cities and from southern Italy to northern Italy in the later 19th and the entire 20th centuries was just as important for national identity. While the former migration is still ongoing, the flow of emigrants has now become significantly smaller. However, since the beginning of the financial crisis in 2007 and the subsequent euro crisis, there has been a growing emigration of young and highly qualified Italians.
As a result of the profound economic and social changes brought about by the industrialization of the post-war period were caused, including low birth rates, has an aging population and stagnant labor force in the 1980s to appeal to growing flows of foreign immigrants. Today's number of around 5 million foreigners, who make up around 9% of the total population, includes 97,000 children born to foreigners in Italy in 2014 (19% of all births in Italy). In 2014, 106,000 people were naturalized . The distribution of the foreign-born population in Italy is largely uneven: 59.5% of immigrants live in the north of the country (the most economically developed area), 25.4% in the center and only 15.1% in the southern regions .
A large number of people from Africa are trying to reach Italy via the Mediterranean. As early as 2008, the number of illegal immigrants was estimated at over 600,000 people, most of them from Africa and Eastern Europe, who mainly work in agriculture or the low-wage sector. Due to the high youth unemployment and the difficult economic situation in the country, the question of migration in Italy is controversial. In 2018, a poll by the Pew Research Center found that a majority of the population (71%) wanted fewer immigrants into the country, 18% wanted to keep current levels, and 5% wanted to increase immigration.
Most frequent countries of origin of foreigners
rank | nationality | Number (2018) |
---|---|---|
1 | Romania | 1.190.091 |
2 | Albania | 440.465 |
3 | Morocco | 416,531 |
4th | People's Republic of China | 290,681 |
5 | Ukraine | 237.047 |
6th | Philippines | 167.859 |
7th | India | 151.791 |
8th | Bangladesh | 131,967 |
9 | Moldova | 131,814 |
10 | Egypt | 119,513 |
total | 5,144,440 |
language
Italy's official language is Italian , which is understood by over 90% of the population. According to estimates by SIL International, there are around 59 million speakers in Italy and another 8 million outside the country, mainly in neighboring countries and in the Italian diaspora worldwide. Italian, adopted by the state after the unification of Italy, is based on the Florentine variant of Tuscan and lies between the Italian-Dalmatian and Gallo-Roman languages . Its development was also influenced by the Germanic languages of the post-Roman invaders.
Historically, Italian was divided into various sublanguages and dialects. However, the establishment of a national education system has resulted in less use of the various languages and dialects spoken across the country. Standardization continued to expand in the 1950s and 1960s with the rise of mass media and television as the state broadcaster Rai helped set a standard for Italian.
In addition to the official Italian language, there are the regional official languages German and Ladin in Trentino-South Tyrol , French in the Aosta Valley and Slovenian in Friuli-Venezia Giulia .
In addition, a state law from 1999 provides for the protection of the following minority languages:
- Albanian (see Arbëresh ), distributed throughout the Mezzogiorno
- Franco-Provencal , the actual vernacular of the Aosta Valley and some valleys in Piedmont with small linguistic islands in Apulia
- Furlan , the language of Friuli
- Greek (see Griko ) in Apulia and Calabria
- Catalan in Alghero in Sardinia
- Molise- Croatian in the Molise region
- Occitan in the southern Alpine valleys of Piedmont
- Sardinian , the language of Sardinia.
religion
The Christianity is the dominant religion in Italy and today's Italian territory played a historically important role in its spread in Europe. The Roman Catholicism is by far the largest denomination in the country, although he is no longer the state religion is. In 2006, 87.8% of the Italian population identified themselves as Roman Catholic, with only about a third of them designating themselves as active members (36.8%). In 2016, 71.1% of Italian citizens described themselves as Catholic. The Italian Catholic Church is part of the global Roman Catholic Church under the direction of the Pope , the Curia in Rome and the Conference of Italian Bishops. In addition to Italy, two other sovereign nations belong to the dioceses based in Italy, San Marino and Vatican City .
Although the main Christian denomination in Italy is Roman Catholicism, there are some minorities from other Christian churches. Due to immigration from Eastern Europe, Orthodox have a population of 2.8% and thus form the second largest group of Christians. Protestants make up 1.1% of the population. Jehovah's Witnesses , Mormonism and members of independent churches combined make up 0.8%. Even if religious groups still have considerable influence in Italy, as in other countries there is an increasing secularization of society. In the meantime, 24.5% of the population no longer belong to any religion (as of 2016).
Islam is the second largest religion in the country with approx. 2 million believers and a share of 3.1% of the population. Thanks to immigration, it is one of the growing religious groups in Italy, along with Hinduism (0.3%) and Buddhism (0.4%). Another minority religion is Judaism (0.1%), which can look back on a history of more than 2,000 years in Italy.
education
In Italy, children and young people between the ages of 6 and 16 are required to attend education for ten years . Anyone who does not want to continue school education afterwards must complete vocational training up to the age of 18 . Tuition in the country is free and children of all nationalities residing in Italy can be educated for free. However, the quality of private schools is also higher than that of public schools in terms of "educational and labor market outcomes". In 2015 Italy spent around 4.1% of its economic output on education. In the 2015 PISA ranking , Italian students ranked 34th out of 72 countries in mathematics, 33rd in science and 33rd in reading comprehension.
There has been a state school system or education system in Italy since 1859, when the Legge Casati law prescribed educational duties for the coming Italian state (Italian unification took place in 1861). The Casati Law made primary education compulsory and aimed to improve literacy. At this point in time, the proportion of illiterate people was still around 80% and it took half a century for this rate to halve. The fight against illiteracy was finally won in the 20th century, which until then had been widespread among women and in the south.
Today's education system in Italy suffers from underfunding and quality deficiencies. In 2017, the country was ranked second among the countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in terms of the proportion of young people who have not completed school, are unemployed or are not in training . It is also criticized that the system is too inflexible and poorly prepared for working life, which is said to be one of the reasons for the high unemployment among young people.
Literacy rate
Literacy | Share (2015) |
---|---|
total | 99.2% |
Men | 99.4% |
Women | 99.0% |
health
The average life expectancy at birth is given as 83.2 years in 2017. For men it is 81 years and for women 85.6 years. In terms of life expectancy, Italy is one of the world's leading nations. Child mortality is also one of the lowest in the world and among those under 5 was below that of Germany. The longevity of the population compared to socio-economically better off countries is often associated with a specific diet and lifestyle of the population, although there is no definitive evidence for this. In terms of life expectancy, however, there are regional differences in which the typical north-south divide becomes apparent. In 2016, life expectancy was highest in Trentino-Alto Adige (84.2), Umbria (84.1) and Lombardy (84.0). The lowest values were found in Calabria (82.9), Sicily (82.4) and Campania (81.7).
Modern Italian healthcare was established in the decades after World War II and is largely publicly funded. Health expenditure amounted to 9.2% of economic output. In a comparative study by the World Health Organization in 2000, it was ranked second worldwide. Problems are the shortage of doctors in the south of the country and the future financial viability given the continuing aging of the population.
The country has a declining proportion of smokers and is in the lower mid-range for alcohol consumption per capita in Europe. One problem is the increasing proportion of overweight people. In 2016, the proportion of overweight people was 19.9%, which is, however, below the European average. Almost 120,000 people are HIV positive .
1871-1950
year | 1871 | 1872 | 1873 | 1874 | 1875 | 1876 | 1877 | 1878 | 1879 | 1880 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Life expectancy in Italy | 29.8 | 29.7 | 31.6 | 31.8 | 31.3 | 33.6 | 34.9 | 34.3 | 34.0 | 32.8 |
year | 1881 | 1882 | 1883 | 1884 | 1885 | 1886 | 1887 | 1888 | 1889 | 1890 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Life expectancy in Italy | 34.2 | 34.3 | 35.2 | 36.6 | 36.9 | 35.1 | 36.0 | 37.0 | 39.1 | 38.5 |
year | 1891 | 1892 | 1893 | 1894 | 1895 | 1896 | 1897 | 1898 | 1899 | 1900 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Life expectancy in Italy | 38.5 | 38.9 | 39.8 | 40.0 | 39.6 | 40.7 | 43.3 | 42.3 | 43.7 | 41.7 |
year | 1901 | 1902 | 1903 | 1904 | 1905 | 1906 | 1907 | 1908 | 1909 | 1910 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Life expectancy in Italy | 43.5 | 43.0 | 43.1 | 44.4 | 43.9 | 45.1 | 45.4 | 43.1 | 44.6 | 46.7 |
year | 1911 | 1912 | 1913 | 1914 | 1915 | 1916 | 1917 | 1918 | 1919 | 1920 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Life expectancy in Italy | 44.7 | 48.9 | 48.4 | 49.9 | 42.5 | 39.6 | 38.1 | 25.8 | 42.3 | 45.5 |
year | 1921 | 1922 | 1923 | 1924 | 1925 | 1926 | 1927 | 1928 | 1929 | 1930 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Life expectancy in Italy | 49.2 | 50.0 | 51.4 | 51.5 | 51.3 | 50.9 | 52.5 | 52.6 | 52.3 | 55.2 |
year | 1931 | 1932 | 1933 | 1934 | 1935 | 1936 | 1937 | 1938 | 1939 | 1940 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Life expectancy in Italy | 54.8 | 54.7 | 56.3 | 56.8 | 56.2 | 56.7 | 55.5 | 56.1 | 57.6 | 57.0 |
year | 1941 | 1942 | 1943 | 1944 | 1945 | 1946 | 1947 | 1948 | 1949 | 1950 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Life expectancy in Italy | 54.7 | 52.5 | 49.4 | 52.4 | 54.9 | 59.0 | 61.2 | 63.4 | 64.1 | 65.8 |
1950-2015
Period | Life expectancy in years |
Period | Life expectancy in years |
---|---|---|---|
1950-1955 | 66.5 | 1985-1990 | 76.4 |
1955-1960 | 68.4 | 1990-1995 | 77.5 |
1960-1965 | 69.7 | 1995-2000 | 78.8 |
1965-1970 | 70.9 | 2000-2005 | 80.3 |
1970-1975 | 72.2 | 2005-2010 | 81.5 |
1975-1980 | 73.6 | 2010-2015 | 82.4 |
1980-1985 | 74.9 |
Source: UN World Population Prospects
statistics
Births and Deaths since 1900
Annual development of births and deaths:
year | Average population |
Births | Deaths | Natural change |
Birth rate (per 1,000 inhabitants) |
Death rate (per 1,000 inh.) |
Change (per 1,000 inhabitants) |
Fertility per woman |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1900 | 32,377,000 | 1,067,376 | 768.917 | 298,459 | 33.0 | 23.7 | 9.2 | 4.53 |
1901 | 32,550,000 | 1,057,763 | 715.036 | 342,727 | 32.5 | 22.0 | 10.5 | 4.49 |
1902 | 32,787,000 | 1,093,074 | 727.181 | 365.893 | 33.3 | 22.2 | 11.2 | 4.46 |
1903 | 33,004,000 | 1,042,090 | 736.311 | 305.779 | 31.6 | 22.3 | 9.3 | 4.43 |
1904 | 33,237,000 | 1,085,431 | 698604 | 386,827 | 32.7 | 21.0 | 11.6 | 4.44 |
1905 | 33,489,000 | 1,084,518 | 730.340 | 354.178 | 32.4 | 21.8 | 10.6 | 4.45 |
1906 | 33,718,000 | 1,070,978 | 696.875 | 374.103 | 31.8 | 20.7 | 11.1 | 4.45 |
1907 | 33,952,000 | 1,062,333 | 700,333 | 362,000 | 31.3 | 20.6 | 10.7 | 4.46 |
1908 | 34,198,000 | 1,138,813 | 770.054 | 368,759 | 33.3 | 22.5 | 10.8 | 4.47 |
1909 | 34,455,000 | 1,115,831 | 738.460 | 377.371 | 32.4 | 21.4 | 11.0 | 4.43 |
1910 | 34,751,000 | 1,144,410 | 682.459 | 461.951 | 32.9 | 19.6 | 13.3 | 4.39 |
1911 | 35,033,000 | 1,093,545 | 742.811 | 350.734 | 31.2 | 21.2 | 10.0 | 4.36 |
1912 | 35,246,000 | 1,133,985 | 635.788 | 498.197 | 32.2 | 18.0 | 14.1 | 4.32 |
1913 | 35,351,000 | 1,122,482 | 663.966 | 458.516 | 31.8 | 18.8 | 13.0 | 4.28 |
1914 | 35,701,000 | 1,114,091 | 643.355 | 470.736 | 31.2 | 18.0 | 13.2 | 4.04 |
1915 | 36,271,000 | 1,109,183 | 809.703 | 299,480 | 30.6 | 22.3 | 8.3 | 3.80 |
1916 | 36,481,000 | 881.626 | 854.703 | 26,923 | 24.2 | 23.4 | 0.7 | 3.56 |
1917 | 36,343,000 | 691.207 | 948.710 | −257.503 | 19.6 | 26.1 | −6.5 | 3.32 |
1918 | 35,922,000 | 640.263 | 1,268,290 | −628.027 | 18.2 | 35.3 | −17.1 | 3.08 |
1919 | 35,717,000 | 770.620 | 676.329 | 94.291 | 21.6 | 18.9 | 2.6 | 3.24 |
1920 | 35,960,000 | 1,158,041 | 681.749 | 476.292 | 32.2 | 19.0 | 13.2 | 3.41 |
1921 | 37,869,000 | 1,118,344 | 670.234 | 448.110 | 30.7 | 17.7 | 13.0 | 3.57 |
1922 | 38,196,000 | 1,127,444 | 690.054 | 437,390 | 30.8 | 18.1 | 12.7 | 3.74 |
1923 | 38,571,000 | 1,107,505 | 654,827 | 452,678 | 29.9 | 17.0 | 13.0 | 3.90 |
1924 | 38,927,000 | 1,124,470 | 663.077 | 461.393 | 28.9 | 17.0 | 11.9 | 3.81 |
1925 | 39,265,000 | 1,109,761 | 669.695 | 440.066 | 28.2 | 17.1 | 11.2 | 3.72 |
1926 | 39,590,000 | 1,094,587 | 680.274 | 414.313 | 27.7 | 17.2 | 10.5 | 3.64 |
1927 | 39,926,000 | 1,093,772 | 639.843 | 453.929 | 27.4 | 16.0 | 11.4 | 3.55 |
1928 | 40,281,000 | 1,072,316 | 645.654 | 426,662 | 26.6 | 16.0 | 10.6 | 3.46 |
1929 | 40,607,000 | 1,037,700 | 667.223 | 370,477 | 25.6 | 16.4 | 9.1 | 3.42 |
1930 | 40,956,000 | 1,092,678 | 576.751 | 515,927 | 26.7 | 14.1 | 12.6 | 3.38 |
1931 | 41,339,000 | 1,026,197 | 609.405 | 416,792 | 24.8 | 14.7 | 10.1 | 3.21 |
1932 | 41,584,000 | 990.995 | 610,646 | 380,349 | 23.8 | 14.7 | 9.1 | 3.06 |
1933 | 41,928,000 | 995.979 | 574.113 | 421,866 | 23.8 | 13.7 | 10.1 | 3.04 |
1934 | 42,277,000 | 992.966 | 563,339 | 429,627 | 23.5 | 13.3 | 10.2 | 3.00 |
1935 | 42,631,000 | 996.708 | 594,722 | 401.986 | 23.4 | 14.0 | 9.4 | 2.98 |
1936 | 42,965,000 | 962.686 | 593,380 | 369.306 | 22.4 | 13.8 | 8.6 | 2.87 |
1937 | 43,269,000 | 991.867 | 618.290 | 373,577 | 22.9 | 14.3 | 8.6 | 2.93 |
1938 | 43,596,000 | 1,037,180 | 614,988 | 422.192 | 23.8 | 14.1 | 9.7 | 3.05 |
1939 | 44,018,000 | 1,040,213 | 591.483 | 448.730 | 23.6 | 13.4 | 10.2 | 3.07 |
1940 | 44,467,000 | 1,046,479 | 606.907 | 439,572 | 23.5 | 13.6 | 9.9 | 3.07 |
1941 | 44,830,000 | 937,546 | 621.735 | 315,811 | 20.9 | 13.9 | 7.0 | 2.74 |
1942 | 45,098,000 | 926.063 | 643,607 | 282,456 | 20.5 | 14.3 | 6.3 | 2.69 |
1943 | 44,641,000 | 882.105 | 679.708 | 202.397 | 19.8 | 15.2 | 4.6 | 2.61 |
1944 | 44,794,000 | 814.746 | 685.171 | 129,575 | 18.3 | 15.3 | 3.0 | 2.39 |
1945 | 44,946,000 | 815,678 | 615.092 | 200,586 | 18.2 | 13.7 | 4.5 | 2.37 |
1946 | 45,253,000 | 1,036,098 | 547,952 | 488.146 | 23.0 | 12.1 | 10.9 | 3.01 |
1947 | 45,641,000 | 1,011,490 | 524.019 | 487.471 | 22.2 | 11.5 | 10.8 | 2.89 |
1948 | 46,381,000 | 1,005,851 | 490.450 | 515.401 | 21.8 | 10.6 | 11.2 | 2.83 |
1949 | 46,733,000 | 937.146 | 485.277 | 451,869 | 20.1 | 10.4 | 9.7 | 2.62 |
1950 | 47,104,000 | 908.622 | 455.169 | 453.453 | 19.4 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 2.50 |
1951 | 47,417,000 | 860.998 | 485.208 | 375.790 | 18.2 | 10.2 | 8.0 | 2.35 |
1952 | 47,666,000 | 844.447 | 477,894 | 366,553 | 17.8 | 10.0 | 7.8 | 2.34 |
1953 | 47,957,000 | 839.478 | 476.015 | 363.463 | 17.6 | 9.9 | 7.6 | 2.31 |
1954 | 48,299,000 | 870,689 | 441,897 | 428,792 | 18.0 | 9.1 | 8.9 | 2.35 |
1955 | 48,633,000 | 869.333 | 446,689 | 422,644 | 17.9 | 9.2 | 8.7 | 2.33 |
1956 | 48,920,000 | 873608 | 497,550 | 376.058 | 17.9 | 10.2 | 7.7 | 2.34 |
1957 | 49,181,000 | 878.906 | 484.190 | 394.716 | 17.9 | 9.8 | 8.0 | 2.33 |
1958 | 49,475,000 | 870.468 | 457.690 | 412,778 | 17.6 | 9.3 | 8.3 | 2.31 |
1959 | 49,831,000 | 901.017 | 454.740 | 446.277 | 18.1 | 9.1 | 9.0 | 2.38 |
1960 | 50,198,000 | 910.192 | 480,932 | 429.260 | 18.1 | 9.6 | 8.6 | 2.41 |
1961 | 50,523,000 | 929,657 | 468.455 | 461.202 | 18.4 | 9.3 | 9.1 | 2.41 |
1962 | 50,843,000 | 937.257 | 509.174 | 428.083 | 18.4 | 10.0 | 8.4 | 2.46 |
1963 | 51,198,000 | 960.336 | 516,377 | 443,959 | 18.8 | 10.1 | 8.7 | 2.56 |
1964 | 51,600,000 | 1,016,120 | 490.050 | 526.070 | 19.7 | 9.5 | 10.2 | 2.70 |
1965 | 51,987,000 | 990.458 | 518.008 | 472,450 | 19.1 | 10.0 | 9.1 | 2.66 |
1966 | 52,332,000 | 979.940 | 496.281 | 483,659 | 18.7 | 9.5 | 9.2 | 2.63 |
1967 | 52,667,000 | 948.772 | 510.122 | 438,650 | 18.0 | 9.7 | 8.3 | 2.54 |
1968 | 52,987,000 | 930.172 | 532,571 | 397,601 | 17.6 | 10.1 | 7.5 | 2.49 |
1969 | 53,317,000 | 932.466 | 539.129 | 393,337 | 17.5 | 10.1 | 7.4 | 2.51 |
1970 | 53,661,000 | 901.472 | 521.096 | 380,376 | 16.8 | 9.7 | 7.1 | 2.43 |
1971 | 54,074,000 | 906.182 | 522.654 | 383,528 | 16.8 | 9.7 | 7.9 | 2.41 |
1972 | 54,381,000 | 888.203 | 523.828 | 364,375 | 16.3 | 9.6 | 6.7 | 2.36 |
1973 | 54,751,000 | 874,546 | 547.487 | 327.059 | 16.0 | 10.0 | 6.0 | 2.34 |
1974 | 55,111,000 | 868.882 | 532.052 | 336.830 | 15.8 | 9.7 | 6.1 | 2.33 |
1975 | 55,441,000 | 827.852 | 554,346 | 273.506 | 14.9 | 10.0 | 4.9 | 2.21 |
1976 | 55,718,000 | 781,638 | 550,565 | 231,073 | 14.0 | 9.9 | 4.1 | 2.11 |
1977 | 55,955,000 | 741.103 | 546.694 | 194,409 | 13.2 | 9.8 | 3.5 | 1.97 |
1978 | 56,155,000 | 709.043 | 540,671 | 168,372 | 12.6 | 9.6 | 3.0 | 1.87 |
1979 | 56,318,000 | 670.221 | 538.352 | 131,869 | 11.9 | 9.6 | 2.3 | 1.76 |
1980 | 56,434,000 | 640.401 | 554.510 | 85.891 | 11.3 | 9.8 | 1.5 | 1.68 |
1981 | 56,502,000 | 623.103 | 545.291 | 77,812 | 11.0 | 9.7 | 1.4 | 1.60 |
1982 | 56,544,000 | 619.097 | 522.332 | 96,765 | 10.9 | 9.2 | 1.70 | 1.60 |
1983 | 56,564,000 | 601.928 | 553,568 | 48,360 | 10.6 | 9.8 | 0.8 | 1.54 |
1984 | 56,577,000 | 587,871 | 534.676 | 53,195 | 10.4 | 9.5 | 0.9 | 1.48 |
1985 | 56,593,000 | 577,345 | 547.436 | 29,909 | 10.2 | 9.7 | 0.5 | 1.45 |
1986 | 56,596,000 | 555,445 | 537.453 | 17,992 | 9.8 | 9.5 | 0.3 | 1.37 |
1987 | 56,602,000 | 551,539 | 524,999 | 26,540 | 9.8 | 9.3 | 0.5 | 1.35 |
1988 | 56,629,000 | 569,698 | 539.426 | 30,272 | 10.1 | 9.5 | 0.5 | 1.38 |
1989 | 56,672,000 | 560,688 | 525.960 | 34,728 | 9.8 | 9.3 | 0.5 | 1.35 |
1990 | 56,719,000 | 569.255 | 543,708 | 25,547 | 9.9 | 9.5 | 0.5 | 1.36 |
1991 | 56,751,000 | 562,787 | 553.833 | 8,954 | 9.9 | 9.8 | 0.2 | 1.33 |
1992 | 56,797,000 | 567,841 | 545.038 | 22,803 | 10.1 | 9.6 | 0.5 | 1.31 |
1993 | 56,832,000 | 549.484 | 555.043 | −5,559 | 9.7 | 9.8 | −0.0 | 1.26 |
1994 | 56,843,000 | 533.050 | 557,513 | −24,463 | 9.4 | 9.8 | −0.4 | 1.22 |
1995 | 56,844,000 | 525,609 | 555.203 | −29,594 | 9.3 | 9.8 | −0.5 | 1.19 |
1996 | 56,860,000 | 528.103 | 557.756 | −29,653 | 9.4 | 9.8 | −0.4 | 1.22 |
1997 | 56,890,000 | 534,462 | 564,679 | −30.217 | 9.5 | 9.9 | −0.4 | 1.23 |
1998 | 56,907,000 | 531,548 | 576.911 | −45.363 | 9.4 | 10.1 | −0.8 | 1.21 |
1999 | 56,917,000 | 537.242 | 571,356 | −34.114 | 9.4 | 10.0 | −0.6 | 1.23 |
2000 | 56,942,000 | 543.039 | 560.241 | −17,202 | 9.5 | 9.8 | −0.3 | 1.26 |
2001 | 56,960,000 | 535.264 | 548.227 | −12,963 | 9.4 | 9.6 | −0.2 | 1.25 |
2002 | 56,987,000 | 538.198 | 557.393 | −19.195 | 9.4 | 9.8 | −0.3 | 1.27 |
2003 | 57,130,000 | 544.063 | 586,468 | −42,405 | 9.4 | 10.2 | −0.8 | 1.29 |
2004 | 57,495,000 | 562,599 | 546,658 | 15,941 | 9.7 | 9.4 | 0.3 | 1.31 |
2005 | 57,874,000 | 554.022 | 567,304 | −13.282 | 9.5 | 9.7 | −0.2 | 1.33 |
2006 | 58,064,000 | 560.010 | 557,892 | 2.118 | 9.6 | 9.5 | 0.1 | 1.37 |
2007 | 58,223,000 | 563,933 | 570.801 | −6,868 | 9.5 | 9.7 | −0.2 | 1.40 |
2008 | 58,652,000 | 576,659 | 585.126 | −8,467 | 9.6 | 9.8 | −0.2 | 1.45 |
2009 | 59,000,000 | 568,857 | 591,663 | −22,806 | 9.5 | 9.8 | −0.3 | 1.45 |
2010 | 59,190,000 | 561,944 | 587,488 | −25,544 | 9.3 | 9.7 | −0.4 | 1.46 |
2011 | 59,364,000 | 546,585 | 593,402 | −46,817 | 9.1 | 9.7 | −0.6 | 1.44 |
2012 | 59,394,000 | 534.186 | 612,883 | −78,697 | 9.0 | 10.3 | −1.3 | 1.42 |
2013 | 59,685,000 | 514.308 | 600,744 | −86,436 | 8.6 | 10.1 | −1.5 | 1.39 |
2014 | 60,782,000 | 502,596 | 598.364 | −95.768 | 8.4 | 9.8 | −1.4 | 1.37 |
2015 | 60,795,000 | 485.780 | 647.571 | −161.791 | 8.1 | 10.7 | −2.6 | 1.35 |
2016 | 60,665,000 | 473,438 | 615.261 | −141,823 | 7.8 | 10.0 | −2.2 | 1.34 |
2017 | 60,484,000 | 458.151 | 649.061 | −190.910 | 7.6 | 10.7 | −3.1 | 1.32 |
2018 | 60,359,546 | 439,747 | 633.133 | −193.386 | 7.3 | 10.5 | −3.2 | 1.32 |
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Europe's demographic future (pages 126 to 129). In: Berlin Institute for Population and Development. Retrieved July 23, 2019 .
- ↑ Dorothea Siems: Demographic change: These European regions survive the aging . July 25, 2017 ( welt.de [accessed July 23, 2019]).
- ↑ THE LOW BIRTH RATE IN ANCIENT ROME: A POSSIBLE CONTRIBUTING FACTOR. (PDF) Retrieved July 23, 2019 .
- ^ Cycles and Stability. Italian Population before the Demographic Transition (225 BC - AD1900) *. (PDF) Retrieved July 22, 2019 .
- ^ Italy - Demographic trends. Accessed July 22, 2019 .
- ^ Population of Italy. Retrieved July 22, 2019 .
- ^ Matthias Rüb, Rome: Population decline: Less and less bambini . ISSN 0174-4909 ( faz.net [accessed July 23, 2019]).
- ↑ Andrea Spalinger: Done Children's Blessing | NZZ . July 25, 2016, ISSN 0376-6829 ( nzz.ch [accessed on July 23, 2019]).
- ↑ James Gallagher: 'Jaw-dropping' world fertility rate crash expected . In: BBC News . July 15, 2020 ( bbc.com [accessed July 18, 2020]).
- ↑ World population: humanity will shrink in 45 years - DER SPIEGEL - science. DER SPIEGEL, July 15, 2020, accessed on July 20, 2020 .
- ↑ Maria Stöhr: Italy: Why fewer and fewer children are born in the country - DER SPIEGEL - Politics. DER SPIEGEL, December 28, 2019, accessed on July 20, 2020 .
- ^ Population of Italy. Retrieved July 22, 2019 .
- ↑ Urban population (% of total population) | Data. Retrieved July 22, 2019 .
- ^ BR Mitchell, International Historical Statistics, Europe 1750-1988 , Nueva York, 1992.
- ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT
- ↑ Unos 20 millones de personas que viven en la Argentina tienen algún grado de descendencia italiana - Asteriscos.Tv. Retrieved July 23, 2019 .
- ^ Ancestry of US Population by Rank. Retrieved July 23, 2019 .
- ↑ Grazia Prontera: Italian immigration to Germany. Between institutionalized migration processes and local integration | bpb. Retrieved July 23, 2019 .
- ^ Italian migration, italian ancestry, italian diaspora, emigration from italy. Retrieved July 23, 2019 .
- ↑ The experts are looking for the distance. Retrieved July 22, 2019 .
- ↑ Italy in Transition: From a Country of Emigration to a Country of Immigration. Retrieved July 22, 2019 .
- ^ Indicatori demografici. February 12, 2015, accessed July 31, 2019 (Italian).
- ^ Elisabeth Rosenthal: Italy cracks down on illegal immigration . In: Boston.com . May 16, 2008 ( boston.com [accessed July 22, 2019]).
- ^ Immigration Policy in Italy. Friedrich-Ebert Foundation, accessed on July 23, 2019 .
- ↑ 1615 L. St NW, Suite 800 Washington, DC 20036USA202-419-4300 | Main202-857-8562 | Fax202-419-4372 | Media Inquiries: Many worldwide oppose more migration - both into and out of their countries. In: Pew Research Center. Retrieved July 22, 2019 (American English).
- ↑ National demographic balance | Year 2018. Retrieved July 22, 2019 .
- ^ Italian. Accessed July 22, 2019 .
- ↑ G. No. 482/1999
- ↑ European Union ; European Commission : Eurobarometer 90.4 (via GESIS database of the Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences). December 2018, accessed on July 1, 2020 .
- ^ A b L'Italia e le religioni nel 2016. February 1, 2016, accessed on July 22, 2019 (Italian).
- ↑ Atheism in Italy - I don't think so! Retrieved on July 22, 2019 (German).
- ^ PISA study - Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Accessed April 14, 2018 .
- ↑ RP ONLINE: OECD sounds the alarm: More than 13 million adult Italians are uneducated. Retrieved July 22, 2019 .
- ^ A b Europe :: Italy - The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved July 22, 2019 .
- ↑ Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
- ↑ Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
- ↑ Life expectancy at birth by gender and NUTS 2 region. Retrieved July 22, 2019 .
- ^ Gregor: Health insurance in Italy: Health system in check. In: ess-europe.de. Retrieved on July 22, 2019 (German).
- ↑ Deutscher Ärzteverlag GmbH, editorial office of Deutsches Ärzteblatt: WHO: Germany's health system in place worldwide on June 25th, 30th 2000, accessed on July 22nd, 2019 .
- ↑ Health systems worldwide: A playing field for ideologues elsewhere too. Retrieved July 22, 2019 .
- ^ The sick Italian health system. February 14, 2013, accessed July 22, 2019 .
- ↑ Global Obesity Levels - Obesity - ProCon.org. Retrieved July 22, 2019 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Life expectancy . Retrieved August 28, 2018.
- ↑ World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations . Retrieved July 15, 2017.
- ^ BR Mitchell. European historical statistics, 1750-1975.
- ↑ http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dybsets/1948%20DYB.pdf United nations. Demographic Yearbook 1948
- ↑ Vincenzo Patruno, Marina Venturi, Silvestro Roberto: Demo-Geodemo. - Map, Popolazione, Statistiche Demografiche dell'ISTAT .