German Aerospace Center
| German Aerospace Center (DLR) |
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|---|---|
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| founding | 1907 |
| Seat | Cologne |
| purpose | Applied research and basic research |
| Chair |
Pascale Ehrenfreund (acting chairwoman of the board) |
| Employees | 8127 |
| Website | dlr.de |
The German Aerospace Center e. V. ( DLR ) is the research center of the Federal Republic of Germany for aerospace as well as energy technology , traffic and safety in the field of applied science and basic research . It is headquartered in Cologne and has a further 26 locations in Germany and 4 branches abroad. In its research and development work, DLR cooperates with other research institutions and industry around the world .
history
The oldest predecessor organization was founded in 1907 by Ludwig Prandtl in Göttingen. This model research institute of the Motor Airship Study Society later became the Aerodynamic Research Institute (AVA). The direct predecessor organization was the Aeronautical Radio Research Institute Oberpfaffenhofen (FFO), founded in 1937 and headed by Max Dieckmann . Techniques and procedures for positioning, communication and navigation with electromagnetic waves were researched. Just one year after it was founded, 115 employees, including 17 senior engineers, were doing research. By the end of the war, the number of employees increased to 2,000. At the end of the war, the US Army captured all equipment and documents and took them to Dayton / Ohio.
The DLR was founded in 1969 under the name of the German Research and Research Institute for Aerospace (DFVLR) through the merger of several institutions. In addition to the Aerodynamic Research Institute, these were the German Research Institute for Aviation (DVL) and the German Research Institute for Aviation (DFL) and, in 1972, the Society for Space Research (GfW).
1989 DFVLR was in German Research Center for Aerospace ( the renamed DLR). Since the merger with the German Agency for Space Affairs (DARA) October 1, 1997, the current name is ( the out DLR).
In 2019, more than 480 specialists will be working on aircraft, spaceships and high-speed trains at DLR Göttingen. There are more than 20 wind tunnels and large research facilities available for experimental investigations.
Corporate structure
 
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DLR locations |
The DLR is a registered association . The board consists of six full-time members with the chairman Pascale Ehrenfreund (since August 15, 2015). This makes DLR the first major German research institution to be headed by a woman. At the meeting of the DLR Senate on March 18, 2020, Anke Kaysser-Pyzalla was unanimously elected as the new Chair of the DLR Executive Board, who will take over from Pascale Ehrenfreund on October 1, 2020.
DLR employs around 8,700 people (as of 2019) and has 40 different institutes and numerous other test and operating facilities at a total of 27 locations in Germany. Each location has its specific focus. Around 1,500 people are employed at the main location in Cologne (headquarters of the board). The largest location with around 1,800 employees is Oberpfaffenhofen . The DLR also has an office in Berlin , which is located in the WissenschaftsForum Berlin . The DLR also operates liaison offices in Brussels , Paris , Tokyo and Washington DC .
The DLR budget for its own research and development work as well as for operational tasks was around EUR 1.035 billion in the 2018 financial year. Around 49% of this was third-party funding acquired through the competition . In addition, as the project management agency , DLR manages a budget of over 3 billion euros for space travel , space and aviation research and research projects on other topics. Lower funds flowed from the Australian Defense Science and Technology Organization for dual-use research on a hypersonic aircraft.
DLR is a full member of the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) and a member of the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers and the European Cooperation for Space Standardization (ECSS).
The areas of administrative and technical management consist of the seven organizational units: communication, political and economic relations, strategy and international relations, administration, information and communication technology management, quality and product assurance, auditing and company investments.
Promotion of young talent
In recent years, thirteen DLR School Labs have been set up at TU Darmstadt , TU Dresden , TU Dortmund , TU Hamburg , RWTH Aachen and in Berlin-Adlershof , Göttingen , Lampoldshausen / Stuttgart, Cologne-Lind , Oberpfaffenhofen / Munich, Braunschweig and Bremen to promote young talent and Neustrelitz . In the DLR student laboratories , students are familiarized with the practical aspects of the natural and engineering sciences using interesting experiments. Other initiatives were or are the "Helmholtz Graduate College" at DLR (2009–2015) or the joint REXUS / BEXUS project to promote young scientists and engineers with the Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA) and the European Space Agency (ESA). In addition, in January 2009 the DLR and the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) launched the joint program “DLR-DAAD Research Fellowships” for young foreign scientists. In 2012, STERN (Student Experimental Rockets) was started as a young talent program.
Research and development
Research areas and cooperation partners of DLR
The main tasks of DLR include researching the earth and the solar system as well as developing sustainable and environmentally compatible technologies. In this regard, DLR conducts research in the following areas: aviation , space travel , transport , energy , security and digitalization . The activities range from basic research to applied research .
DLR operates large-scale research facilities such as the globally unique catapult for research into high-speed trains and, in addition to its own research activities, works together with domestic and foreign partners from politics, business, industry and science. For example, DLR and the French aerospace facility ONERA maintain Europe's largest mobile stationary vibration system. In Germany, DLR is commissioned by the German federal government to plan and implement German space activities and, as the project management agency, is responsible for the implementation of funding projects from various ministries in the Federal Republic of Germany (including the BMBF , BMWi and the BMVI ). Internationally, DLR works closely with NASA and ESA , as well as with military facilities such as the Air Force Research Laboratory of the US Air Force .
Business areas
Space travel
The German activities in space research by the DLR range from experiments in weightlessness, through exploring other planets, to environmental observation from space . In addition, as the space agency of the Federal Republic of Germany, DLR performs sovereign tasks for the planning and implementation of German space activities. The DLR project management organization is also entrusted with sovereign tasks in managing the funds in many areas.
The DLR and the Federal Republic of Germany do not yet have their own spaceport (or spaceport) for traffic beyond the Kármán Line (100 km) into space . For space missions, therefore, the CSG spaceport in French Guiana usually has to be used, often in cooperation with ESA .
In addition to the existing Mars Express , Galileo (satellite navigation) and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission projects , the Institute for Space Systems was founded in Bremen on January 26, 2007. In the future, around 80 scientists and engineers will research concepts for space missions and the development of satellites and new drives, among other things.
aviation
The aim of aeronautical research at DLR is to strengthen the competitiveness of the German and European aviation industry and the aviation industry and to meet the requirements of politics and society, for example on the subject of climate-friendly air traffic.
traffic
As part of a DLR / ADAC campaign for large-scale traffic monitoring to record traffic jam times from digital series images (before 2012)
The Transport Research DLR deals with the topics of secure mobility, protecting the environment and resources and improving road safety in general. Thereby u. a. Applied knowledge gained through aerospace research.
energy
In energy research , DLR is working on highly efficient and low-carbon electricity generation processes based on gas turbines and fuel cells, on solar thermal electricity generation, on wind turbines and on the efficient use of heat, including cogeneration based on fossil and renewable energy sources.
Further
Further research areas are "security" and digitization .
Selected research and development activities
HRSC on Mars Express
The high-resolution stereo camera HRSC is Germany's most important contribution to the Mars Express mission of the European Space Agency ESA. The camera originally developed for Mars 96 at the Institute for Planetary Research of the German Aerospace Center takes pictures of the Martian surface with a detail size of 10 to 30 m and enables them to be analyzed three-dimensionally.
Remote sensing of the earth
As part of the remote sensing of the earth, satellites continuously provide comprehensive information about the entire earth system. These earth observation data are used to study the atmosphere, the land and ocean surfaces and the ice surfaces of the earth. Remote sensing applications are, for example, environmental monitoring and disaster relief.
After the tsunami in the Indian Ocean on December 26, 2004, up-to-date maps could be created very quickly with the help of the earth observation satellites, which offered the aid workers orientation during their humanitarian work. DLR carries out this work in the German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD), a DLR institute in Oberpfaffenhofen. Today satellite data also make an important contribution to climate research when it comes to measuring temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, the concentration of fine dust particles , deforestation of the rainforest and the radiation ratio of the earth's surface (land, oceans, polar ice).
During the 2006 World Cup , DLR undertook the Soccer project to avoid traffic jams. In the traffic research project, traffic data was collected from the air in Berlin, Stuttgart and Cologne and forecasts made from it. A sensor system consisting of an optical and a thermal imaging camera was used. A zeppelin, an airplane and a helicopter served as flying platforms. Evaluation software created aerial photos with current traffic parameters and traffic forecasts. Traffic control centers could thus be informed almost in real time and road users could be redirected if necessary.
The new German earth observation satellite TerraSAR-X was launched in June 2007. The aim of the five-year mission is to provide scientific and commercial users with remote sensing data based on radar. The satellite design is based on the technology and experience from the SAR ( Synthetic Aperture Radar ) missions X-SAR and SRTM. The sensor works in different operating modes with resolutions of up to one meter and has the ability to create digital elevation models. With TerraSAR-X, the state and industry shared the cost of a satellite for the first time. DLR contributed around 80 percent of this, with EADS Astrium providing the rest . The main component of the satellite is a radar sensor working in the X-band, which can record the earth's surface in different operating modes, from 10 to 100 km area size and 1 to 16 m resolution.
After the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in 2010 , the Falcon 20E research aircraft operated by the German Aerospace Center was used for the measurement flight into the volcanic ash on Monday, April 19, 2010. The LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) instrument showed ash cloud structures from vertical layers. These layers were at very different heights on the flight route. The second successful deployment of the DLR aircraft took place on April 22, 2010 on behalf of the Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development (BMVBS). From May 1st to 3rd, it also completed further measurement flights as part of the "Vulcano Ash Hunter Mission" to examine the ash cloud of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano (flight route: DLR research airport in Oberpfaffenhofen - Keflavík airport in the Icelandic capital Reykjavík - Eyjafjallajökull and back) . Another measurement flight took place on May 9th: the aim of this was to measure the concentration of the volcanic ash cloud that had led to the closure of the airports in southern Germany on Sunday afternoon. Thanks to the measurements, the airspace was released again earlier than planned. After the sinking of the Deepwater Horizon oil rig on April 22, 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico, the DLR's Center for Satellite-Based Crisis Information provided up-to-date maps based on the TerraSAR-X earth observation satellite . During several overflights over the Gulf of Mexico, the TerraSAR-X satellite was able to record radar images that show the extensive oil slick on the sea surface. The ZKI maps show both the extent of the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico and its change over time based on the TerraSAR-X data.
After the Tōhoku earthquake in 2011 , the International Charter for Space and Natural Disasters asked all participating institutions on the morning of March 11, 2011 to provide satellite data of the disaster area. The DLR with the Center for Satellite Based Crisis Information (ZKI) at the DLR site in Oberpfaffenhofen was also involved. Images from the German satellites TerraSAR-X and RapidEye were used.
Suborbital passenger flights
Since 2005, DLR has been investigating the possibility of making intercontinental passenger transport possible through suborbital space flights. The reusable SpaceLiner spacecraft will take off vertically and land horizontally. It has two rocket stages and is powered by liquid fuel.
Research aircraft
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DLR operates the largest research aircraft fleet in Europe. That means research with an airplane and research with an airplane. The DLR research aircraft form platforms for research missions of all kinds. Scientists and engineers can work with them in a practical and application-oriented manner: Earth exploration, research into the atmosphere or testing of new aircraft components. For example, DLR is investigating the fluttering of aircraft wings and ways of suppressing it. This also serves to reduce aircraft noise. In so-called flying simulators, the flight behavior of aircraft that have not yet been built can be imitated. The Airbus A380 was also tested at an early stage. Various systems, such as Bundeswehr drones, were tested with the VFW 614 ATTAS . On June 27, 2012, ATTAS was permanently decommissioned due to damage to an engine and the lack of spare parts supply.
The HALO ( High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft ) type Gulfstream G550 has been available to DLR since January 24, 2009, and is intended to be used in atmospheric research and earth observation. With an altitude of more than 15 km and a range of more than 8000 km, HALO enables measurements on the scale of continents, on all latitudes, from the tropics to the poles, as well as at heights down to the lower stratosphere for the first time.
The largest member of the fleet, the Airbus A320-232 D-ATRA , has been in use for the German Aerospace Center since the end of 2008. ATRA ( Advanced Technology Research Aircraft ) is a modern and flexible flight test platform, which not only sets a new standard for flying test vehicles in European aviation research because of its dimensions.
Together with NASA , DLR operates the flying infrared telescope SOFIA (Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy). A Boeing 747SP is used as the platform , the fuselage of which has been modified to accommodate a 2.7m mirror telescope developed in Germany. The aircraft is operated from the Armstrong Flight Research Center in Palmdale, California under the scientific direction of the Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, California with the participation of the Universities and Space Research Association and the German SOFIA Institute ( University of Stuttgart ). On four to five nights a week, flights of eight to ten hours each from a height of 12 to 14 km are carried out, making the middle and far infrared accessible for astronomical observations. SOFIA is designed for a service life of 20 years. From 2010 it replaced its predecessor, the Kuiper Airborne Observatory (KAO), which was in use from 1974 to 1995. Since the shutdown of the Spitzer Space Telescope in January 2020 and until the commissioning of the James Webb Space Telescope (expected in 2022 ), Sofia is the only non-terrestrial observatory besides WISE that still carries out observations in these wavelength ranges.
The test vehicle ARTIS is being developed on the basis of a model helicopter at the DLR Institute for Flight System Technology in Braunschweig . The aim of the project is to investigate novel systems and algorithms for autonomous intelligent functions and to evaluate them in experiments. These include, among other things, the most complete possible replication of a mechanical pilot on board the aircraft, who automatically detects obstacles during the flight through unknown terrain, as well as the independent adaptation of the flight plan through changes in the environment. The ARTIS research helicopter can find its way alone in the air without a person on the ground remotely controlling the aircraft.
The newest member of the DLR fleet since February 2020 has been a Dassault Falcon 2000LX called "Istar" ( In-Flight Systems & Technology Airborne Research ). With it it will be possible, among other things, to simulate other aircraft. The Falcon was a prototype at Dassault that was used for series production. The installed measuring devices can be reused at DLR.
Emissions research
DLR conducts research on carbon dioxide and noise emissions in air traffic. In order to avoid an increase in noise pollution from air traffic despite the increasing volume of traffic, DLR is researching ways of reducing noise. The research project "Noise-optimized approach and departure procedures" is part of the German research project "Quiet Traffic". The aim of the project is to determine flight procedures that reduce noise during take-off and landing. For example, the noise propagation on the ground when an aircraft takes off is analyzed with many microphones. Attempts are also being made to reduce the noise at the source, for example the flow around and the engine noise. It is hoped that noise sources in the engine will be minimized by means of so-called anti- noise .
In the area of carbon dioxide emissions in air traffic, the German Aerospace Center is researching, for example, on model calculations for converting the global air fleet to hydrogen propulsion . The above-average growth rates in air traffic lead to considerations as to whether the associated environmental and climate impact can be limited by a hydrogen drive without carbon dioxide emissions.
Energy carrier hydrogen
In the field of energy research, DLR scientists are working on the Hydrosol project, among other things . This is the first time that water has been thermally split into hydrogen and oxygen using solar energy, without carbon dioxide emissions. For this, the team was awarded the Descartes Prize for Research by the European Commission in 2007, together with other working groups .
The DLR is currently testing a self-launching motor glider Antares 20E , in which the electrical energy is generated using hydrogen via a fuel cell .
Solar tower power plant
In 2007 the first commercially operated solar tower power plant went into operation. It has an output of eleven megawatts and is operated near Seville near Sanlúcar la Mayor in Spain. The DLR is significantly involved in the technology development for this type of power plant: In solar tower power plants, individual mirrors (heliostats) that track the sun direct the solar radiation to a central heat exchanger (receiver) located on a tower. In this way, high temperature heat is generated. This can then be coupled into gas or steam turbine power plants to generate electricity for the public grid. Solar thermal tower systems also provide a technological basis for the future production of solar fuels, such as hydrogen, without carbon dioxide emissions.
Columbus space laboratory
In February 2008, the Columbus Laboratory , Europe's central contribution to the International Space Station ISS , was brought into space and docked with the ISS. The cylindrical module with a diameter of 4.5 m is equipped with modern scientific facilities. It is designed to enable researchers on Earth to conduct thousands of experiments in life sciences, materials science, fluid physics and numerous other areas under the conditions of weightlessness in space. The DLR operates the Columbus control center in Oberpfaffenhofen and is responsible for coordinating scientific activities as well as system operation and life support on board the Columbus laboratory in orbit.
Rosetta Mission (1993-2015)
The Rosetta mission of the European Space Agency ( ESA) aims to investigate the history of our solar system by examining one of the oldest and most pristine celestial bodies in it, a comet. The probe, launched in March 2004, reached comet 67 P / Churyumov-Gerasimenko in May 2014 after more than ten years of flight. The mission consisted of an orbiter and the Philae lander . DLR played a significant role in the construction of the lander and operates the lander control center, which prepared and supervised the landing on the comet.
RIESGOS project
In December 2017, the RIESGOS project , from the Spanish for risks , was funded by the Federal Ministry of Education for a period of three years under the direction of Elisabeth Schöpfer from the German Remote Sensing Data Center of the DLR in cooperation with forty domestic and foreign research institutions, authorities and companies Research , justified. The aim of the project is to investigate the interactions between and after disasters, e.g. B. to better understand and predict possible chain reactions after earthquakes or nuclear accidents, in order to optimize the information bases of disaster management worldwide and to improve strategies for avoiding or reducing risks. The focus of the investigations will be the region of the Andes , which is at risk from natural disasters and which is severely affected due to its geographical location. The prototypical multi-risk information system for the South American region in Chile , Ecuador and Peru will be developed after analyzing various specialist disciplines with data such as high-resolution optical remote sensing data and radar data after earthquakes , landslides , tsunamis or volcanic eruptions etc. and their consequences.
Eu: CROPIS
On December 3, 2018, the Eu: CROPIS satellite was successfully launched into low Earth orbit. The first satellite from the DLR's compact satellite series simulates gravitational conditions generated by rotation during two phases of the mission, such as those on the moon and Mars. For bioregenerative life support systems , tests are carried out under these conditions to determine whether bacteria, like on earth, can convert (artificial) urine into nutrients for plants. The technology can be used for future long-term manned missions should it be successfully tested. An application to reduce pollutants in urban areas on earth is also conceivable.
Events
Aerospace Day
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In a two-year cycle, the DLR organizes the major event " Aerospace Day " at its main location in Cologne .
In 2009, DLR and the European Space Agency (ESA) presented examples from their research work together with other partners from Porz (Cologne) . The patron was Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg , then Federal Minister for Economics and Technology . According to media reports, around 100,000 spectators were counted on the DLR site on the day of the event.
In 2011, the Aerospace Day took place under the patronage of Philipp Rösler , Federal Minister for Economics and Technology, and was again well attended with 85,000 visitors. In addition to the DLR research fleet , the main attractions on the DLR site were the Airbus A380 , the Airbus A300B2 ZERO-G for parabolic flights and the SOFIA (Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy) from NASA and DLR, which is being viewed for the first time in Germany .
According to the DLR, the Aerospace Day was suspended in 2017 due to construction work on the premises of the DLR Center in Cologne.
Further
From April 2009 to December 2010 an exhibition took place in the Oberhausen Gasometer under the title Sternstunden - Wonders of the Solar System : As part of the RUHR.2010 program - European Capital of Culture , it offered replicas of the planetary system and images of foreign worlds, among others a. a replica of the largest moon on earth and received about 960,000 visitors.
In March 2012 the first annual “Storage Symposium” took place at the Stuttgart location. The topics of the conference were lectures on electrochemical and thermal energy storage for stationary and mobile energy supply.
In autumn 2013 the first DLR “SpaceBot Cup” took place in a motocross hall in Rheinbreitbach . Ten teams from companies and universities started to present autonomous robots that had to perform finding, gripping, mapping, transport and assembly tasks within an hour. The competition was opened in 2012 at the International Aerospace Exhibition in Berlin. After none of the teams could even begin to fulfill the tasks, the jury also compared the competition with the first DARPA Challenge and no placement was made. A new edition of the competition is planned for 2015 and the application phase for it is closed.
At several DLR locations there are “ DLR School Labs ” venues for the promotion of young talent.
public relation
In March 2012, DLR made all of the self-created images on its web portal available for re-use under a free Creative Commons license.
Between November 2010 and December 2013, DLR produced the podcast series “Raumzeit” in cooperation with ESA, which is now being continued under the sponsorship of the Zeiss Planetarium in Berlin . The podcast will be moderated by Tim Pritlove , who interviews employees of DLR and ESA on the various topics and tasks of these.
See also
- Institute for Space Propulsion , a research location of the DLR
- DLR test , a proficiency test for astronauts, pilots and air traffic controllers
- German space travel
literature
- Matthias Blazek: "75 years ago, research in aerospace technology began in Trauen - rocket pioneer Eugen Sänger worked on the development of powerful propulsion systems in the Heide". Sachsenspiegel 31, Cellesche Zeitung, August 4, 2012.
- Niklas Reinke: History of the German space policy. Concepts, influencing factors and interdependencies 1923–2002 (= writings of the research institute of the German Society for Foreign Policy eV, Berlin. Series: International Politics and Economics. Vol. 71). Oldenbourg, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-486-56842-6 (also: Bonn, Univ., Diss., 2003).
- Faßberg - Aviation and Space Travel in the Heath , Brochure for AeroSpaceDay Faßberg, self-published by the municipality of Faßberg, Faßberg 2013, ISBN 978-3-00-042877-7 .
Web links
- Literature from and about the DLR in the catalog of the German National Library
- Videos from and about the DLR in the AV portal of the Technical Information Library
- Official website of the German Aerospace Center
- DLR locations
Individual evidence
- ↑ The DLR in facts and figures. (pdf) German Aerospace Center, September 1, 2017, accessed on July 25, 2020 .
- ↑ Wolfgang Keydel: From the Aeronautical Radio Research Institute Oberpfaffenhofen, FFO, to the Institute for High Frequency Technology and Radar Systems, IHR. (PDF) DLR, November 27, 2017, accessed on May 26, 2019 .
- ↑ history. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on September 24, 2015 ; accessed on May 26, 2019 .
- ↑ dlr.de, The Göttingen site of the DLR - the cradle of aerodynamics , accessed on November 17, 2019.
- ^ The board of directors of DLR. Retrieved August 26, 2015 .
- ↑ Alexander forehead: The boss. Pascale Ehrenfreund has been head of the German Aerospace Center for six months. As the first woman to head such a large research organization, she has to modernize space and aircraft research. , in: Süddeutsche Zeitung , No. 22, January 28, 2016, p. 16.
- ↑ DLR - Prof. Anke Kaysser-Pyzalla becomes the new chairman of the board. Retrieved March 18, 2020 .
- ↑ a b The DLR. DLR, accessed on January 28, 2020 .
- ↑ locations. DLR, accessed on January 28, 2020 .
- ^ The Oberpfaffenhofen site of the DLR. DLR, December 5, 2013, accessed on January 15, 2014 .
- ↑ WissenschaftsForum Berlin
- ↑ DLR Portal: Offices abroad. Retrieved October 17, 2013 .
- ↑ "The Australian military research organization DSTO paid about $ 3.8 million to the Institute for Space Operations and Astronaut Training at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) for working on a hypersonic jet." Johann Osel: Armaments research. Foreign military personnel finance German scientists. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung. January 8, 2014, accessed February 2, 2014 .
- ↑ Armaments research. Tinkering for the war. In: Deutschlandfunk. January 11, 2014, accessed February 2, 2014 .
- ↑ Management and administration of the DLR .
- ↑ DLR_School_Lab - The DLR_School_Labs :. Retrieved August 1, 2019 .
- ↑ Information on the DLR's young talent programs .
- ^ First Helmholtz Graduate School at DLR
- ↑ STAR: The rocket program for students to promote the construction of rockets, including the propulsion system.
- ↑ The German centre- Aerospace. (PDF; 13.2 MB) DLR, January 2011, accessed on October 4, 2011 .
- ^ Wissenschaftsrat : Evaluation report on the DLR Institute for Technical Physics (ITP), Stuttgart, p. 8, 22. (PDF) In: DLR Institute for Technical Physics (ITP), Stuttgart. April 5, 2006, accessed February 2, 2014 .
- ↑ Space research at DLR .
- ↑ Aviation research area at DLR .
- ↑ Transport research at DLR .
- ↑ Energy research at DLR .
- ↑ Security research at DLR .
- ↑ Research area digitization at DLR .
- ↑ Neukum, G .; Jaumann, R .: HRSC: the High Resolution Stereo Camera of Mars Express . 2004, bibcode : 2004ESASP1240 ... 17N (English).
- ↑ Special page of the DLR on the investigation of the Icelandic ash cloud .
- ^ Results of the second DLR research flight .
- ↑ Link to the third DLR research flight .
- ↑ Oil spill after the sinking of the Deepwater Horizon oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico. DLR-ZKI, April 28, 2010, accessed on September 18, 2012 .
- ↑ TerraSAR-X satellite data show the destruction of the tsunami in Japan. DLR, March 16, 2011, accessed on September 18, 2012 .
- ^ Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). In: Federal Office for Equipment, Information Technology and Use of the Bundeswehr . November 26, 2013, accessed February 2, 2014 .
- ↑ VFW614 ATTAS. DLR, accessed on September 18, 2012 .
- ↑ The last of its kind: ATTAS research aircraft is retiring. DLR, June 27, 2012, accessed on September 18, 2012 .
- ↑ DLR - Official ISTAR-. Retrieved February 29, 2020 .
- ↑ Research aircraft: space glider and Airbus A 380 at the same time. In: Golem.de. Retrieved on February 29, 2020 (German).
- ↑ Rosetta. DLR, accessed on April 3, 2013 .
- ↑ Rosetta: "Forward to the Past". DLR, accessed on April 3, 2013 .
- ^ Mission Rosetta: "Journey to a Comet". (PDF; 482 kB) DLR, accessed on April 3, 2013 .
- ↑ German Aerospace Center: Understanding geohazards better - the Andes in focus. December 7, 2017, accessed March 10, 2018 .
- ↑ Greenhouses in Space - Successful start of the Eu: CROPIS mission. German Aerospace Center, accessed on December 3, 2018 .
- ↑ dlr.de (December 23, 2016).
- ↑ Around 100,000 visitors to the Aerospace Day - Airbus A380 in Cologne. Flugrevue, September 20, 2009, accessed September 18, 2012 .
- ↑ More than 100,000 visitors to the Aerospace Day 2009 at DLR. DLR, September 20, 2009, accessed on September 18, 2012 .
- ↑ Official website for Tdlr 2011, DLR Cologne ( Memento from January 27, 2012 in the Internet Archive ).
- ↑ December 2, 2016: facebook.com/DLRde (December 25, 2016).
- ↑ dlr.de : Sternstunden - miracles of the solar system
- ↑ Pictures on commons.wikimedia.org : commons.wikimedia.org: Category: Sternstunden - Wonders of the Solar System (December 23, 2016)
- ↑ Report on the Spacebotcup 2013 DLR article archive. DLR, November 13, 2013, accessed on March 12, 2015 .
- ↑ DLR Home for SpacebotCup. (No longer available online.) DLR, archived from the original on March 9, 2015 ; accessed on March 12, 2015 .
- ↑ Marco Trovatello: Creative Commons: "Everyone license" and the contents of the DLR. DLR, March 1, 2012, accessed on September 18, 2012 .
- ↑ Tim Pritlove: Raumzeit Podcast. Retrieved June 13, 2013 .
- ↑ The future of spacetime. In: spacetime. Retrieved August 25, 2018 .
Coordinates: 50 ° 51 '10.3 " N , 7 ° 7' 23.4" E