Dies irae

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Last Judgment ( Hans Memling around 1470)

Dies irae ( Latin for "day of wrath", often in the Middle Latin form Dies ire ) is the beginning of a medieval hymn about the Last Judgment . From the 14th century to 1970 it was sung in the Roman rite as a sequence of the funeral mass and is now only part of the Requiem in the extraordinary form of the Roman rite; in addition, he can " ad libitum " in the Divine Office of the Roman Rite on All Souls and in the last week of the church yearbe used. The text was confirmed by the Council of Trent (1545–1563) as an integral part of the Requiem. The traditional author is Thomas von Celano , a friend and biographer of St. Francis of Assisi ; however, this attribution is controversial.

The hymn

The Dies irae , sometimes simply as dead sequence referred to, has an alternate , accentuating trochäisches meter on. The hymn initially consists of 17 three-line stanzas and is ended by three two-line stanzas. All verses of a stanza rhyme at the end. The content of the hymn is based on a scripture from the prophet Zefaniah . It is a radical break with the ancient hymn poetry, among other things through the use of end rhymes and accentuating stress (rhythm) instead of the older metrical meters, which were based on syllable length and shortness. Its melody was sung loudly in older settings.

Settings

This paragraph is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

The Dies irae was first  set to music in the 13th century as a sequence - a late form of Gregorian chant - and in this form became part of the Requiem.

First stanza of Dies irae

In later compositions of the funeral mass, the Dies irae is mostly divided into the parts Dies irae , Tuba mirum , Liber scriptus , Rex tremendae , Recordare , Ingemisco , Confutatis and Lacrimosa .

The composers often proceed quite freely with the arrangement of the movements, and the text of the medieval hymn is not always used. Most of the time the dies-irae sentence has enormous dimensions. In his Requiem, for example, Hector Berlioz uses 16 timpani and four brass choirs, which vividly represent the Tuba mirum (trombone, sounding miraculously through the tomb-vaulted halls). Berlioz took over sections of the old melody in the Symphonie fantastique , while his Dies irae in the Grande Messe des Morts does without the hymn.

The Gregorian Dies-irae motif is also quoted more frequently in musical works when reference is made to God's judgment or simply to death. These include very secular compositions. For example, Jerry Goldsmith quotes the motif in his score for Gremlins 2 - The Return of the Little Monsters . The Dies irae was also used in the opening credits of the horror film The Shining by Stanley Kubrick . Kubrick used an interpretation by Wendy Carlos here .

Ingmar Bergman also used the Dies irae for a sequence of his medieval mystery play The Seventh Seal , here it accompanies the appearance of a martyrs' procession.

Examples of settings

This paragraph is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

Quotes from the Gregorian hymn in classical music
The autograph of Dies Irae from WA Mozart's Requiem

Well-known dies-irae sentences in Requiem compositions

Quotes in the score

Modern settings of the text

Examples of quotations

Original Latin text and German translation

Audio file / audio sample Gregorian melody ? / i
(sung in Latin)

Dies irae dies illa,
Solvet saeclum in favilla:
Teste David cum Sibylla.

Quantus tremor est futurus,
Quando iudex est venturus,
Cuncta stricte discussurus!

Tuba mirum spargens sonum
Per sepulcra regionum
Coget omnes ante thronum.

Mors stupebit et natura,
Cum resurget creatura,
Iudicanti responsura.

Liber scriptus proferetur,
In quo totum continetur,
Unde mundus iudicetur.

Iudex ergo cum sedebit,
Quidquid latet apparebit:
Nil inultum remanebit.

Quid sum miser tunc dicturus?
Quem patronum rogaturus,
Cum vix iustus sit securus?

Rex tremendae maiestatis,
Qui salvandos salvas gratis:
Salva me, fons pietatis.

Recordare Iesu pie,
Quod sum causa tuae viae:
Ne me perdas illa die.

Quaerens me, sedisti lassus:
Redemisti crucem passus:
Tantus labor non sit cassus.

Iuste iudex ultionis,
Donum fac remissionis,
Ante diem rationis.

Ingemisco, tamquam reus:
Culpa rubet vultus meus:
Supplicanti parce Deus.

Qui Mariam gradisti,
Et latronem exaudisti,
Mihi quoque spem dedisti.

Preces meae non sunt dignae:
Sed tu bonus fac benigne,
Ne perenni cremer igne.

Inter oves locum praesta,
Et ab haedis me sequestra, Statuens
in parte dextra.

Confutatis maledictis,
Flammis acribus addictis,
Voca me cum benedictis.

Oro supplex et acclinis,
Cor contritum quasi cinis:
Gere curam mei finis.

Lacrimosa dies illa,
Qua resurget ex favilla

Iudicandus homo reus:
Huic ergo parce Deus.

Pie Iesu Domine,
dona eis requiem. Amen.

Day of vengeance, day of sins,
the universe will ignite,
as Sibylle and David proclaim.

What a horror and awe,
When the judge comes with questions
to examine all complaints strictly!

The trumpet will sound loud,
Tombs penetrate the earth, Forcing
all to the throne.

With a shudder, death and life see
the creature rise
to give an account to the Lord.

And a book is opened,
faithful is entered in it
Every debt from earth days.

If the judge then sits to judge,
the hidden will be cleared;
Nothing can escape punishment.

Sore! What will I say poor thing?
Which lawyer should I ask
when the righteous themselves despair?

King of terrible powers,
Your grace is free Switching:
Spring of grace, allow grace to rule!

Mild Jesus, you want to consider
that you came for
me, do not throw a curse at me.

Have gone looking tired,
hung on the cross
for my salvation, May this effort reach its goal.

Judge, you righteous vengeance,
forbearance on my cause
before I awaken to judgment

Sighing, I stand guilty,
my cheeks glow red with shame,
let my pleading gain grace.

Once you forgive Mary ,
you forgave the thief, you
also gave me hope.

Little is my plea before you;
But by grace let it happen
that I may escape hell.

With the sheep give me pasture, part me
from the goats flock,
stand me on my right side.

Will hell be
a reward for the damned without sparing ,
call me to the Sel'gen apartment.

Guilty to you I scream,
deeply contrite in heart's repentance,
give me the end of Sel'ges.

Day of tears, day of pains,
Since from the grave will rise

to judgment man full of sins;
Let him, God, find mercy.

Mild Jesus, you ruler, give
eternal rest to the dead. Amen.

literature

Web links

Commons : Dies Irae  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Dies irae  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Zef 1.15  VUL