Paderborn Cathedral Monastery

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Paderborn Cathedral

The Paderborn Cathedral Monastery was founded in 799 by, among others, the Frankish King Charlemagne in the Paderborn headwaters in Paderborn . Until its abolition in 1810, it was the seat of the cathedral chapter and both ecclesiastical and secular seat of power of the duchy of Paderborn . Patrons were the Holy Virgin Mary and St. Kilian (both since 822), St. Liborius (since 1002), St. Brigida of Ireland (since 1046) and St. Ulrich of Augsburg (since 1513). The primary task of the members of the monastery was pastoral care and the implementation of the liturgical celebrations in Paderborn Cathedral . Over the centuries, the cathedral monastery developed into an essential ecclesiastical and secular power factor within the territory of the diocese of Paderborn.

history

founding

The history of the diocese of Paderborn and thus also of the cathedral monastery is closely linked to the Frankish expansion of Charlemagne. The region of the later diocese of Paderborn with the sources of the Pader and Lippe appeared early on as the preferred location for Franconian retaliatory strikes against the Saxons and for Christian proselytizing. The construction of a royal palace in 776 and the first Frankish imperial assembly on Saxon soil in 777 illustrate the importance of this area. Archaeological research suggests that a spiritual community and school already existed at the Salvator Church . Furthermore, “graves of clergy and children in the immediate vicinity of the 778 church destroyed by the rebellious Saxons” could be detected.

The foundation of the Paderborn cathedral monastery can be dated to the year 799 and is therefore the only Old Saxon cathedral monastery that, according to a reliable source, has been handed down with the year of foundation and "details of the foundation process". After Pope Leo III. had fled to Paderborn with the help of Charlemagne due to coup attempts in Rome in April 799, the cathedral monastery was canonically established by the Pope and King in summer 799 at a synod in Paderborn . Presumably, the other Saxon cathedral monasteries Bremen , Minden , Münster , Osnabrück and Verden were also founded at the Paderborn Synod . Even if the founding deed has been lost over time, parallel sources indicate that 15 bishops signed the establishment of the Paderborn Cathedral Foundation.

In the early days, the cathedral monastery was under the administration of Würzburg, as the Bishop of Würzburg had already been entrusted with the mission of the region around Paderborn in 780 and the missionaries working there came mainly from his diocese or at least had been trained there. Consequently, the first two Paderborn bishops were also members of the Würzburg cathedral monastery. In 806/07, Charlemagne installed Hathumar, who was born in Saxony, as the founding bishop of Paderborn, and Badurad, also a native of Saxony , followed in 815 . The new diocese was assigned to the Archdiocese of Mainz as a suffragan .

Immunity privilege and early coexistence

An important milestone for the Paderborn Cathedral monastery was the protection of the kings granted by Emperor Ludwig the Pious in 822 , which freed the monastery from foreign rule and jurisdiction and gave it a. granted the right to raise public taxes within the newly created cathedral freedom . So it says from the decree of Ludwig:

"Therefore we want that all of our present and future faithful be known: because the venerable Mr. Badurad, Bishop of the church, which was built in honor of the holy eternally virgin Mary and the holy Kilian in a place which is called Paderborn, through has asked a commissioned embassy that we may take the named seat with all accessories present in accordance with the law and statutes, real immunity, so the diligence of all our loyal followers may take note that this has happened. In ordering this, We command that no public judge or any member of the judiciary should have any power in the churches, in the places, or in the corridors or other possessions of said diocese which it currently has within the jurisdiction of Our Kingdom legally or, what divine love intends to add to the righteous poor of this place, neither to conduct judicial interrogations nor to impose fines, nor to carry out incarceration or detention, nor to summon witnesses, nor to torture people of the diocese without evidence, nor to demand any compensation or unauthorized confiscation, Whatever time he may decide to begin such a thing, or what is mentioned above, may presume to even approximately carry it out, rather it belongs to the named bishop and his successors, the possession of the entire diocese, with all accessories to administer undisturbed and faithful to our kingdom to serve".

Thus Paderborn was the first Saxon diocese to be granted the immunity privilege. In the competition with the large counties established in the Duchy of Saxony, this was "an essential prerequisite on the way to the expansion of a secular rulership of the Paderborn bishop" and thus also of the cathedral monastery, which was already involved in the leading business of the bishop at that time.

Portrait of St. Liborius with the inscription "St. Liborius Episcopus Cenomanensis in Gallia", Vicariate General of the Archdiocese of Paderborn

Bishop Badurad introduced the Aachen rule of canons in 817 . Until the turn of the millennium, the respective bishop and the canons lived together in the monastery in " vita communis " with a common refectory and dormitory . The first named clerics of the cathedral monastery can be found in the "Translatio Sancti Liborii" made between 836 and 900 - the traditional report of the relics of St. Liborius from Le Mans to Paderborn. The archdeacon Meinolf , who was presumably also head of the cathedral monastery, seemed to act as the bishop's deputy .

Another important date is the year 885, as the monastery was granted the royal right of free election of bishops from its own ranks. As a result, almost all of the Paderborn bishops of the Middle Ages came from the ranks of the cathedral monastery.

In a document from the time of Bishop Unwan , who headed the cathedral monastery from 918 to 935, over 60 clergy are listed; including a cathedral provost and a cathedral dean .

Emancipation of the chapter after the turn of the millennium

After the turn of the millennium, the coexistence between bishop and cathedral monastery changed significantly. While Bishop Unwan called himself head of the Paderborn Cathedral Monastery in the middle of the 10th century, the task of the "vita communis" took its course when Bishop Meinwerk took office . In the 13th century it was completely lost, since from then on every cathedral chapter within the cathedral freedom ran its own household.

The canons' self-image also changed fundamentally in the 13th century. The cathedral provost described himself in a document in 1230 as "by the grace of God, deputy of the bishop and the Paderborn church", the dean as "not appointed by the papal or bishop, but by" God's grace "." At the same time The canons no longer called themselves "fratres" (brothers), but "domini" (gentlemen). Already at the end of the 12th century, the respective Paderborn bishop received sovereign tasks by taking over the bailiwick rights in 1189. In doing so, the monastery secured a say in the secular government and "has since considered itself [...] as the feudal lord of the bailiwick, which transferred it to the respective bishop".

Since the middle of the 13th century, the monastery wrested an election surrender from the respective candidates for the bishopric , with which it permanently manifested its power.

Expansion of power in the early modern period

Although the supremacy of the cathedral monastery was weakened, for example, by the restriction of the right to supplement in the form of papal commissions, the monastery succeeded in securing its monopoly within the church through decisive intervention in various questions of power. So Dietrich III. von Moers , Archbishop of Cologne and Paderborn Administrator as an episcopal personal union, incorporated the Diocese of Paderborn into the Archdiocese of Cologne at the Council of Constance , which he succeeded in 1429. In contrast to the other estates , such as the knighthood , the cathedral monastery resolutely opposed the incorporation . Under the leadership of the dean Heinrich von Haxthausen as well as the scholaster Dietrich von Engelsheym and the canon Hermann von Recklinghausen, the papal restitution finally succeeded in 1431.

In 1568 the pen presented the candidate for the Paderborn bishopric, Johann von Hoya , with the first election surrender with a denominational clause. She demanded that Johann in future "take conscientious action against" some innovation in religion "and" with serious punishment "abolish those where it had been torn down. During the election, the provost Wilhelm von Westphalen and the cathedral dean Volbert von Brenken denied the two younger capitulars, Bernhard von Büren and Phillip von Hörde, the right to vote, as the former, responsible for the pastoral office of Büren, tolerates Protestant preachers and the latter tolerates the Easter Communion of a " Heretic “had enough.

Dietrich von Fürstenberg, Prince-Bishop of Paderborn from 1585 to 1618

Due to the new doctrine introduced in parts of the estates and since finally Bishop Heinrich von Sachsen-Lauenburg had openly accepted the Protestant faith, the monastery unanimously adopted a denominational statute in 1580 under the chairmanship of the provost Dietrich von Fürstenberg and the dean Heinrich von Meschede , which said that In future only those persons were allowed to receive a preamble who had been sworn in to the Catholic faith and who could provide evidence of at least sixteen ancestors who were knightly born. The statute was thus “part of the program of a comprehensive Catholic reform in the spirit of the Council of Trent ”.

Due to the class exclusivity as well as the strict interpretation of the denominational question, the monastery experienced a rejuvenation from the ranks of the Catholic nobility, partly also from the neighboring territories. By 1611, 10 graduates of the papal Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum came to Paderborn Cathedral Monastery, who did not originally come from the diocese. With the election of their cathedral provost Dietrich von Fürstenberg as the new bishop in 1585, the importance of the denominational question became apparent, since Dietrich neither came from a lordly princely family nor had another diocese as a political power factor - only denominational aspects were decisive. In retrospect, it was the election of Dietrich in particular that secured the Catholic faith in the diocese of Paderborn.

After the end of the Thirty Years' War , the confraternality of the Paderborn Cathedral monastery and that of Le Mans helped. Through interventions at the cathedral chapter of Le Mans, Louis XVI. and Cardinal Mazarin succeeded the Paderborn Cathedral monastery through targeted negotiation of their “Dompropstes Dr. iur. utr. Dietrich Adolf von der Recke 1648 in Münster , the diocese as cath. Bastion against the prot. Hesse to assert ”. Two years later, it was the same Dietrich Adolf von der Recke who "as Prince Bishop was able to begin the external and internal development of the devastated bishopric".

Secularization and dissolution

The cathedral monastery in Paderborn remained in existence after the secularization, even when it was transferred to the Prussian state in 1802. It was not dissolved until eight years later under French rule on December 14, 1810. “However, the cathedral capitals mostly stayed at the cathedral and continued to perform their liturgical services. The last member of the old chapter died in 1851 ”.

New establishment and elevation to the metropolitan chapter

In 1821 the diocese of Paderborn was rewritten by Pope Pius VII with the bull De salute animarum and the Paderborn Cathedral was confirmed as a diocese church. At the same time, the legal requirements for the new cathedral chapter were created, which resumed its function with the first investitures on October 26, 1823 ( Kleinlibori ). 1930 took place under Pius XI. the elevation to the metropolitan chapter and the cathedral became "the metropolitan church of the newly established Central German ecclesiastical province ".

Constitution

Living together

The Paderborn Cathedral Chapter is the oldest religious institution of the diocese and was in the early years as "monasterium" or "CENOBIUM", ie monastery called. According to the older "Translatio Sancti Liborii" from 850, the second Paderborn bishop, Badurad, introduced the Aachen canon rule in the young monastery in 817. According to the historian Hans Jürgen Brandt , this could be an indication that under the founding Bishop Hathumar a “freer spiritual way of life - as attested in the cathedral chapter of Würzburg under Bishop Berowelf († 800) - would have prevailed and not, as for Minden or Münster in Anglo-Saxon tradition made credible, the monastic rule of St. Benedict ”.

Until Bishop Rethar's pontificate, all members of the monastery probably lived in the “vita communis”. This means that the monastery and the bishop were in community life and property under the direction of the bishop. In Paderborn, in addition to the shared bedroom and dining room, a library, a cathedral school and utility rooms around the cloister are also occupied. It is known of Rethar that in 1006 he separated his own table goods from the monastery. One of his predecessors, Bishop Unwan, called himself, however, Bishop of the Paderborn Monastery ( Padarbrunnensis cenobii presul ). "The first structural changes with consequences for the way of life in the cathedral monastery [...] are to be assumed for the early 11th century, when Bi. Meinwerk (1009-1036) built his own bishop's palace."

The "vita communis" came to an end by the 13th century at the latest - the individual canons lived in their own curiae within the cathedral freedom. As a reminder of the earlier way of life, there was a limited obligation for individual groups to live their life as in the traditional “vita communis” until the end of the 18th century. A corresponding statute from 1231 provided that the cathedral vicars had to sleep "in monasterio" and another statute from 1388 required prospective canons to sleep "in dormitorio" within a six-week probationary period.

Canons and servants

The offices and hierarchies within the cathedral monastery have fundamentally changed over the centuries. While the bishop was initially in charge of the monastery, the provost and dean of the cathedral later took over. The first clerics are mentioned as early as 836 in the tradition report of the bones of St. Liborius of Le Mans, written in the 9th century. The source speaks u. a. by archdeacon Meinolf, who presumably headed the cathedral monastery. The name Propst is first found in a document by Bishop Unwan in the early 10th century. There he is named together with 65 other canons mentioned by name.

“[T] he conspicuous numerical ratio (25: 8: 8: 25) of the names in four separate lists visible in the original document and sorted according to degrees of ordination (priests, deacons, sub-deacons and simple clerics) suggests the assumption that in The list shows the entire hierarchy of the cathedral clergy of that time, namely 25 grand canons (canonici maiores, i.e. provost and 24 priests), 16 minor canons (canonici minores, i.e. 8 deacons and sub-deacons) and 25 simple clerics, the latter apparently the clergy with minor orders. "

Around 1231 the following offices were occupied in Paderborn Cathedral:

Canons
Lower clergy
  • 2 grand vicars and 1 priest each at the cross altar and in the lower choir of the cathedral
  • 4 Hebdomadars (2 deacons and 2 sub-deacons)
Cathedral capitular servants from the lay class
Officers of the pen
  • 1 distributor of the general income ( distributor )
  • 1 distributor of attendance fees ( praesentiarius )
  • 1 distributor of the daily allocations ( quotidianarius )
  • 1 master builder ( structuarius )
  • 1 forester ( praefectus sylvarum )
  • 1 mill master ( molendinarius )
  • 1 archivist
  • 1 conductor
  • 2 alleluias (boys who sang the alleluia at church services)
  • 1 pedel
  • 3 cathedral sextons (including 1 so-called dog sexton, mentioned in 1743)
  • 1 bookbinder with an apartment on the cathedral tower (mentioned in 1690)
  • 1 cathedral capitular coat of arms painter was sworn in in 1754
  • 1 chimney sweep (permanent employment decided in 1731)
  • 1 Pied Piper (mentioned in the 18th century)

Class exclusivity

In the 9th century under Bishop Badurad, boys were admitted to the cathedral school regardless of their status, from which it can be deduced that initially there were no class hurdles for admission to the monastery. In 1223, on the other hand, aristocratic or knightly descent was set as a condition of admission. A qualified degree for non-nobles was considered a substitute. At the Council of Basel , Paderborn cathedral capitals reported that class exclusivity had been in use for over a century. In 1480 a chapter statute required proof of the 4 ancestral test for the first time , in 1567 the 8 ancestral test; In 1580 the 16 ancestral test was requested. Nevertheless - mainly through papal commissions - well into the 16th century, middle-class people with a doctorate also got into the dignitary positions. A famous example is the Paderborn cathedral dean Friedrich Deys , who was born in Wünnenberg and who also acted as Bishop of Lavant and Bishop of the Chiemsee diocese .

The composition of the class origin of the canons was strongly limited to the landed gentry of the Paderborn bishopric. Due to the episcopal personal union between Paderborn and Cologne 1414–1463, 1618–1650 and 1719–1761, members of the Rhenish aristocratic families can increasingly be found during these periods. Occasionally, canons from the Archdiocese of Mainz , to whose church province Paderborn belonged at that time, can also be identified. In addition, foreign candidates from high nobility gained access to positions in the Paderborn Cathedral Foundation through papal commissions, which increased throughout the empire from the 14th century. The family names of Brakel , Brenken , Büren , Crevet, Driburg, Itter , Lippe , Marschall, Padberg , Papenheim, Schöneberg, Schwalenberg , Stapel, Sternberg, Waldeck , Wendt and Westphal are recurring here . In the late Middle Ages, the families of Amelunxen , Asseburg , Haxthausen and Spiegel were added.

Rights and obligations

As a fundamental task of the monastery, the right to carry out the celebrations of the liturgy with daily chapter office as well as the performance of the canonical times of day in the cathedral fell to him from the earliest times . The cathedral dean supervised the orderly execution.

Probably the most important right of the monastery besides the exercise of the liturgical services in the cathedral church was the election of the bishop. In the year 885 Emperor Karl III. the monastery the privilege of free election of bishops from its own ranks, which was granted by Heinrich I in 935 , Heinrich II in 1003 and Pope John XVIII in 1006 . has been confirmed. The bishops' right to vote was one of the central points in maintaining power of the monastery and had the consequence that up to modern times the bishops were often elected from within their own ranks.

Also as early as the 9th century, the Paderborn church and thus also the monastery received the immunity privilege from Emperor Ludwig the Pious , which was confirmed by royal diplomas in the years 881, 935, 1001 and 1039.

While the diocese administration was entirely in the hands of the monastery when there was a vacancy , the cathedral dean had extensive legal powers since the 13th century. "Around 1238 the cathedral chapter was competing jurisdiction over the bishop in the cathedral immunity, in 1612 then almost exclusive, the place of jurisdiction - also for the provost - was the cathedral dean".

The Paderborn bishops were granted the right to mint coins in 1028 by Emperor Konrad II . It was common for the cathedral monastery to mint its own coins during a sedis vacancy - there were examples of this in 1617, 1683 and 1719.

The trade supervision at weekly markets and from the 18th century also at the annual markets, "was carried out by the cathedral chapter together with the city, but it retained the jurisdiction that lay with the cathedral dean".

Archdeaconate Administration

The administration of the archdeaconate was of particular importance in the diocese of Paderborn, as it did not have a dean's constitution as a middle administrative level; Thus the archdeaconates represented the highest ecclesiastical administrative authorities of the parishes. The archdeacons exercised jurisdiction over clergy and lay people in their administrative units, had full staff sovereignty and decided in principle on religious or moral questions.

At least once a year, the respective archdeacon had the sending court held in his district . In disputes of spiritual matters, in church property and disputed questions of marriage, the archdeacon was responsible in the first instance.

The administration of the archdeaconate was also an important source of income for the respective canons. So they could by income from Kollationsgebühren , Senddenar or send oats and Brüchtengeldern increase their personal merits.

The reorganization of the diocese in 1231 was of enormous importance for the monastery, as the archdeaconates were reorganized at the same time. Of the 12 archdeaconates, 5 were firmly tied to dignities and offices of the monastery:

Further:

The archdeaconate of Haldinghausen went to the Abbot of Abdinghof, and Helmarshausen to the Abbot of Helmarshausen .

Even around 1600 the canons were able to maintain 5 out of 8 archdeaconates.

Possessions and finances

Already in the Middle Ages the monastery had a "growing [...] role in the legal and economic life of the episcopal city and diocese". In the estates constitution of the bishopric , the cathedral monastery formed the first state , followed by the nobility and cities.

The various ownership rights and privileges of the monastery included:

  • Since the middle of the 15th century the undisputed water right in the city of Paderborn including fishing from flowing water and mill rights (the mill rights were completely transferred to the cathedral monastery due to lack of money in 1404, after the bishop and monastery had previously shared this right. 1578 were within the City of Paderborn sixteen mill wheels owned by cathedral capitals).
  • The privilege regarding forest and hunting rights
  • One salt works each in Salzkotten and Westernkotten

The comparison of the manorial lords of the bishop and the monastery in the Paderborn Feldmark makes the monastery's supremacy clear. While around 1300 the episcopal chair and the monastery had to book 32% each, the bishop owned about 1015 acres at the end of the Middle Ages , the cathedral monastery including the special property of the cathedral dean and beneficiary 5308 acres of arable land. In addition, the monastery owned farms in Atteln , Blankenrode , Bökenförde , Bredenborn , Elsen , Gokesberg, Husen , Lippspringe , Lügde , Mohringen and Nordberge as well as tithe barns in Lichtenau and Etteln .

In 1445, it was not the bishop as sovereign, but rather the cathedral monastery that granted the fortified settlement of Lippspringe city ​​rights .

When distributing property, a distinction must be made between the cathedral monastery in the sense of a legal person and the individual cathedral capitulars who, in addition to their usual benefices from the liturgical service, generated income from hunting and fishing privileges, obedience and memorial funds and, if necessary, from their archdeaconates. In addition, some canons were also sponsored outside their home diocese - especially in other Westphalian cathedral monasteries.

Cathedral school

On the basis of archaeological finds, a predecessor institution of the cathedral school can already be assumed for the year 777 at the Salvator Church, the palace built by Charlemagne. From the Vita Meinolfi it can be deduced that the cathedral school and the cathedral monastery already existed under the Paderborn founding bishop , St. Hathumar. The cathedral school was expanded under Bishop Badurad, and St. Meinolf was one of the earliest pupils known by name.

The cathedral school experienced a high phase in the 11th century under Bishop Meinwerk and his nephew, Bishop Imad . The cathedral school was supposed to serve as a “publica studia” for boys of all levels for the training of young clergy and lay people. The subject matter included the Seven Liberal Arts with the Trivium and Quadrivium , whereby in Paderborn special attention was paid to mathematics, astronomy, physics, geometry and music.

In the 16th century, the cathedral school underwent reforms in the spirit of humanism under Bishop Salentin von Isenburg . The cathedral school has also operated as the Gymnasium Salentinianum since the 16th century. After Protestant tendencies found their way into parts of the teaching body, the cathedral monastery handed over the management of the school to the Jesuits in 1585 . In 1773, the era of the cathedral school, now called Gymnasium Theodorianum, ended as a Jesuit high school. Until the dissolution of the diocese in 1802, it was under the direction of Paderborn priests - some of them former Jesuits - and then passed into state management. The Theodorianum grammar school still exists today as a grammar school in the city of Paderborn.

Confraternities and special ecclesiastical celebrations

The best-known partnership of the Paderborn church is still today the "fraternization [...] under Bi. Badurad (815–862) with that of Le Mans under Bi. Alderich from the year 836." The confraternity between Le Mans and Paderborn is considered to be the oldest uninterrupted Church and local fraternities of Europe. Especially after the Thirty Years' War, the cathedral monastery used its good contacts in Le Mans to intervene at the cathedral chapter there against the dissolution of the prince-bishopric. Further fraternities existed before 1238 with the Liesborn Abbey and 1299 with the preachers in Warburg .

Due to the connection to Le Mans and the associated translation of the bones of St. Liborius, a large (July 23 / solemn festival of St. Liborius ) and a small (autumn) Libori procession took place in Paderborn - probably since 836 . Another special celebration was the medieval Easter game as part of the annual Easter liturgy, the great prayer procession of the cathedral monastery with the participation of the monks from Abdinghof and the Busdorf canons on St. Mark's Day and on the three days before Ascension Day in the Paderborn Feldmark.

literature

  • Hans Jürgen Brandt, Karl Hengst: History of the Archdiocese of Paderborn . Bonifatius-Verlag, Paderborn, ISBN 3-89710-005-3
    • Vol. 1: The Diocese of Paderborn in the Middle Ages , 2002. (Here inter alia: The Cathedral Chapter , pp. 149–155)
    • Vol. 2: The Diocese of Paderborn from the Reformation to the Secularization 1532–1802 / 21 , 2007. (Here inter alia: The Cathedral Chapter , pp. 186–200)
  • Hans Jürgen Brandt: Paderborn. Cathedral monastery St. Maria, Kilian, Liborius and Ulrich . In: Karl Hengst (Hrsg.): Westfälisches Klosterbuch . 2: Münster-Zwillbrock. Münster 1994, ISBN 3-402-06888-5 , p. 175-205 .
  • Bastian Gillner: Non-Catholic pen nobility. Confession and politics of the nobility in the prince-bishopric of Paderborn (1555–1618) (= Forum Regionalgeschichte; 13), Münster 2006, 141 pages, ISBN 978-3-87023-107-1 .
  • Peter Hersche : The German cathedral chapters in the 17th and 18th centuries . Selbstverlag, Bern 1984 (3 vols., Plus habilitation thesis, University of Bern), Volume 1: Introduction and lists of names , pp. 145–150.
  • Michael Lagers: The Paderborn pin needle to the middle of the 15th century. Studies on the establishment and expansion of power structures of lower nobility . Paderborn 2013, ISBN 978-3-89710-551-5 (studies and sources on Westphalian history 74). Above all, Chapter 6: The Paderborn Cathedral Chapter in the context of individual and family collective claims to power , pp. 235–276.
  • Paul Michels: Pedigree of Paderborn Canons. According to evocation boards, epitaphs and other monuments . In: Studies and sources on Westphalian history . tape 7 . Paderborn 1966.
  • Wilhelm Tack: Admission, ancestral test and cap walk of the Paderborn canons . In: Westfälische Zeitschrift 96 II . 1940, p. 3–51 ( digitized version ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Brandt, stallion: The diocese of Paderborn in the Middle Ages . S. 27 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Brandt: Monastery book article . S. 176 .
  3. ↑ a b Cathedral chapter Paderborn: From history. Retrieved January 8, 2019 .
  4. ^ Brandt, stallion: The diocese of Paderborn in the Middle Ages . S. 87 .
  5. ^ Brandt, stallion: The diocese of Paderborn in the Middle Ages . S. 87 f .
  6. ↑ a b c Brandt: Monastery book article . S. 182 .
  7. ↑ a b Brandt: Monastery book article . S. 176 f .
  8. ↑ a b Brandt: Monastery book article . S. 177 .
  9. ^ Brandt, stallion: The diocese of Paderborn in the Middle Ages . S. 108 .
  10. ↑ a b c d e f Brandt: Monastery book article . S. 178 .
  11. ↑ a b Brandt: Monastery book article . S. 151 .
  12. ^ Peter Hoheisel: The first Paderborn election surrender. The Paderborn Cathedral Chapter in the first half of the 13th century. In: Westfälische Zeitschrift , Volume 147 (1997), pp. 271-290.
  13. ^ Friedrich August Koch: The Paderborn cathedral dean Heinrich v. Haxthausen. In: Westfälische Zeitschrift , Volume 18 (1857), pp. 311-316.
  14. ^ Wilhelm Spancken: From the manuscripts of the Domscholaster v. Engelsheim. In: Westfälische Zeitschrift , Volume 40, II (1882), pp. 138-146.
  15. ↑ Tobias Daniels: The Paderborn Cathedral Scholaster Dietrich von Engelsheim and the Liber dissencionum archiepiscopi Coloniensis et capituli Paderbornensis. New knowledge from untapped sources. With a certificate attachment. In: Westfälische Zeitschrift , Volume 160 (2010), pp. 143–169.
  16. ↑ a b c Brandt, Hengst: The diocese of Paderborn from the Reformation to secularization . S. 75 .
  17. ↑ a b c Brandt, stallion: The diocese of Paderborn in the Middle Ages . S. 76 .
  18. ↑ quoted from Brandt: monastery book article . S. 179 .
  19. ^ Brandt, stallion: The diocese of Paderborn from the Reformation to secularization . S. 77 .
  20. ↑ LAV NRW W , Kingdom of Westphalia, E 17, No. 129, Bl. 3–3 '.
  21. ↑ Ludwig Steinhauer: On the history of the Paderborn cathedral chapter from 1800 to 1830. In: Westfälische Zeitschrift , Volume 61 (1903), pp. 179-201.
  22. ↑ a b Brandt, stallion: The diocese of Paderborn in the Middle Ages . S. 255 .
  23. ^ Brandt, stallion: The diocese of Paderborn in the Middle Ages . S. 86 .
  24. ^ Brandt, stallion: The diocese of Paderborn in the Middle Ages . S. 193 .
  25. ^ Brandt: Monastery book article . S. 183 .
  26. ^ Brandt: Monastery book article . S. 179 .
  27. ↑ a b c d e Brandt: Monastery book article . S. 184 .
  28. ^ Brandt, stallion: The diocese of Paderborn in the Middle Ages . S. 158 .
  29. ^ Brandt, stallion: The diocese of Paderborn in the Middle Ages . S. 157 .
  30. ^ Brandt, stallion: The diocese of Paderborn in the Middle Ages . S. 187 .
  31. ^ Brandt, stallion: The diocese of Paderborn in the Middle Ages . S. 187 f .
  32. ^ Brandt, stallion: The diocese of Paderborn in the Middle Ages . S. 188 .
  33. ^ Brandt: Monastery book article . S. 193 .
  34. ↑ a b Brandt: Monastery book article . S. 186 .
  35. ^ Brandt: Monastery book article . S. 181 .
  36. ^ Brandt: Monastery book article . S. 187 .