History of the community of Risch
| 1064 | First documented mention of Dersbach in the Acta Murensia . | |
| 1111 | Donation from the Gangolfswil farm to the Muri monastery. | |
| 1159 | First mention of the location of the Church of St. Verena in 'Rische'. | |
| 1250 | The rule of Buona is taken over by the Hertensteiners. | |
| 1486 | Gangolfswil becomes a zugerische bailiwick. | |
| 1506 | Peter von Hertenstein led the first Swiss Guards to Rome. | |
| 1709 | Construction of the Schützenhaus - wooden houses becomes the center of the Gangolfswil Bailiwick. | |
| 1726 | First school lesson in Gangolfswil. | |
| 1798 | The Vogtei Gangolfwil and the rule of Buona are abolished. The municipality of Risch is created. Community meetings take place in Buonas. | |
| 1847 | The Sonderbund War is fought in Gisikon, Meierskappel and Risch. | |
| 1864 | Inauguration of the Rotkreuz crossing station. | |
| 1873 | The community chancellery is set up in Buonas. | |
| 1904 | First building with electricity. | |
| 1940 | IPSA opens Switzerland’s first oil refinery in Rotkreuz. | |
| 1959 | The parish office moves to Rotkreuz. | |
| 1986 | Construction of the town hall in Rotkreuz. | |
| 2007 | Renaming in praxi in Risch Rotkreuz. | |
| 2009 | 850 years of Risch. | |
| 2012 | The number of inhabitants exceeds the limit of 10,000. |
The documented history of the municipality of Risch begins in the Middle Ages , when the area was divided into the rule of Buona and the Vogtei Gangolfswil and the first places such as Dersbach (1064), Gangolfswil (around 1150) and Risch (1159) were first mentioned. With the military intervention of France in 1798, which eliminated the subject relations, the lordship and the bailiwick were merged. The newly founded parish was named after the parish of the Church of St. Verena in Risch . The community was an important traffic junction early on. In the history of the municipality of Risch is to important sections of Swiss history to push, for example, by 1506 by Peter von Hertenstein in Buonas in the paths led Swiss Guard , the Sonderbundskrieg 1848 on the floor of Meier Kappel , Gisikon and Risch and the establishment of the first Oil refinery in Switzerland during World War II . After the Second World War, the community developed into an important and attractive commercial location (including pharmaceuticals ) in Switzerland.
General story
prehistory
The oldest traces of settlement in the flat areas of the lake shore near Oberrisch, Buonas and Zwijern come from the Pfyn culture (3800 to 5800 BC). The area along the Schwarzbach in Dersbach was most densely populated; Local branches are among the oldest Neolithic settlements. The sites show rich finds with pottery shards and weapons; Finds of a hand mill in Schwarzbach and a grain squeezer in Oberrisch suggest arable farming. In duos were Roman urn and the evidence of two settlements of the Bronze Age found. Due to the construction of a Roman military route from the Rhine via Risch - Küssnacht - Brünig to Italy and the Roman possession of Helvetia , Roman or Gallo-Roman finds are made time and again. The field name Alznach can be traced back to the Gallo-Roman place name Alciniacum . Many of the other field names suggest a later settlement by Alemanni .
Before the community was founded in the Middle Ages and the Reformation (until 1798)
The early Middle Ages are documented by traces of one of the oldest churches in the canton of Zug. Under today's baroque church of St. Verena from 1680–1684 are the foundations of a church that was probably built in the 8th century. The -wil and -ikon place names can also be explained from the early Middle Ages. The first church in Risch was built in the 8th century . From 1000 onwards the first manors and the first documented mentions of places such as Dersbach (1064), Gangolfswil (around 1150) and Risch (1159) appear.
Emperor Charlemagne (742-814) had a vast empire that from the North Sea , reached up to Spain in districts divided. At that time, the area of today's municipality of Risch was largely divided between the Muri Monastery and Buonas Castle. Other, smaller properties were assigned to the Frauenthal Monastery , St. Leodegar Lucerne, the Engelberg Monastery and the Kappel Monastery . The area was in the Duchy of Swabia on the border with Aargau and thus the Kingdom of Burgundy (Duchy of Hochburgund) .
Through the oldest Habsburg counts, the northern areas of today's municipality of Risch came to the Muri monastery, founded in 1027, with the Gangolfswil farm between 1096 and 1111 . Pope Hadrian IV placed the Muri monastery under his protection in a document issued in the Lateran in Rome on March 28, 1159, in which the Risch church is mentioned for the first time as ecclesia Rishe . Around 1298 the right of patronage changed from the Muri monastery to the von Hertenstein family, who lived in Hertenstein Castle (now Buonas Castle) .
The manorial power of Buona (11th century – 1798)
The manorial rule of Buona cannot be described until the 11th century, as there were many loose alliances. The first knight named after Buonas is named Immo von Buonas in the Acta Murensia . He lived in Buonas Castle in the 12th century , which was probably built at that time. Due to the marriage of Adelheid von Buonas to Ulrich von Hertenstein one hundred years later, the castle and rule passed to the Hertenstein family for around 400 years around 1250, which was only ended with the death of Erasmus von Hertenstein in 1654. In the Middle Ages, the owner of the Buonas territory had many sovereign rights, such as judicial competences, market rights, pub monopoly, church patronage rights, rights of instruction over mass and courts, fishing, supervision over forests and the right to appoint mills and shipping. The castle, which burned down in 1478, was rebuilt from 1494 to 1498. Although the rule passed in 1656 when Katharina von Hertenstein ceded her husband Johann Martin Schwytzer, the owners of the patronage rights of the von Risch church remained members of the von Hertenstein family until 1798. During the exercise of power by the von Hertenstein family, numerous conflicts arose with the city of Zug, which ruled the Gangolfswil bailiwick around Buonas. After the death of Johann Martin Schwytzer in 1713, the rule of Buona passed to various families, in 1782 to two citizens of Zug. As a result of the revolution in 1798, the last owners lost the castle and rights without compensation.
Gangolfswil Bailiwick (1486–1798)
The city of Zug took over essential basic rights in Gangolfswil from the Muri monastery in 1410 and finally bought the farm on September 5, 1486. Thus the area became the Zugerischen Vogtei Gangolfswil . Annually to 1592 changed the lives in train Obervogt , from 1592 to 1789 every two years, beside him stood the bailiff , who also had a decisive influence on the administration. The community center of the Bailiwick was wooden houses in the 18th century, which was expressed in the construction of the first rifle and community center in 1709. The rule of Buona as well as its Risch collature could not be subordinated to the rule of the city of Zug.
It was not until the French Revolution and its ideals of freedom, equality and brotherhood among people that the bailiwicks were dissolved shortly before the constitution of the Helvetic Republic . On February 7, 1798, the staff leaders, the councilors and the citizens of the city of Zug wrote to the bailiwicks in which the Zug bailiwicks, including the bailiwick of Gangolfswil, were to be repealed. At an extraordinary rural community on Sunday, February 11, 1798, all “newly established citizens” were granted citizenship and the subject relationship in the Zug bailiwicks was canceled.
Monastery possessions (until 1798)
The Engelberg Abbey had Streubesitze Lake Zug. The area south of the Buona territory as far as Böschenrot belonged to the Kappel monastery . The Fraumünster monastery owned areas in Waldeten, which were later sold to the Frauental monastery . This also has areas in Waldeten, west of those of the Fraumünster monastery. Territories belonged to the St. Leodegar Monastery , to the west of the Muri Monastery, from Ibikon to Breiten.
Muri Monastery:
In 1027 the Muri monastery was founded. The monastery experienced its first heyday under the abbot Luitfrid (1085-1096). In 1120 Muri sent the first monks to Engelberg Monastery. In 1114 the monastery was granted lower jurisdiction over the surrounding area, which was exercised by an ammann until 1798. In 1159 the Risch church was first mentioned in a document. The company also acquired the Gangolfswil farm through further grants in Unterwalden, Gersau and Alsace. The Muri monastery now owned the entire northern part of the municipality as well as the areas of Ibikon. Fishing rights in Lake Zug also counted among their rights. The income of the monastery comes from the fields and their grain, which was planted by the farmers. The Muri Monastery made an effort to maintain the estates. With the assumption of essential basic rights by the city of Zug in Gangolfswil, but also through the depreciation of the monastery income from the general inflation, it is easy to explain why the Muri monastery sold the Gangolfswil farm to Amman, councilor and citizen of the city of Zug on September 5, 1486. Although the Gangolfswil farm together with Waldeten, Küntwil and Ibikon now formed the Gangolfswil bailiwick, the old medieval borders of the Gangolfswil farm remained immortalized in the parish boundaries between Risch and Meierskappel into the 21st century.
Occupation by the French (1798)
In the first days of March, Freiburg , Solothurn and Bern had to surrender to the French armies. In the other places one could hardly believe that the advance of the French was proceeding so quickly. But the citizens did not resist. In the rural communities ( Ägeri , Menzingen and Baar ZG ) they wanted to take up the fight. On April 11, 1798, France called on all unoccupied places to surrender without a fight and to adopt the unified constitution. Since the city of Zug did not manage to bring the rural community together peacefully, Zug did not want to defend itself. Only when the cantons of Schwyz , Uri and Unterwalden went into battle did Zug join the fight. There was also a Rischer among the fallen. After the fighting, wagons had to be brought to all the monasteries to deliver the treasures to Paris .
Helveticism and Mediation (1798–1847)
During the Helvetic Republic (1798-1803) the name municipality was replaced by the French foreign word municipality . The municipality of Risch counted exactly 793 inhabitants in 1798, 200 of them were active citizens. Risch belonged to the canton of Waldstätte , whose main town had been the city of Zug since May 1799 . Alois Sidler was the first president of the free community of Risch. The ruler's coat of arms, which had previously been used for the bailiwick of Gangolfswil, was replaced by the Zug shield with the crossbar and the first letter of the community. Later, the municipal coat of arms appeared in various versions in connection with or without a lynx.
With the mediation act of 1803, Switzerland regained the political structure of a confederation . Now the canton of Zug consisted of nine municipalities, the special status of the city of Zug was canceled. This Landsgemeinde was now installed as the highest cantonal authority. Municipalities and community chambers stopped. A cantonal council (le conseil du canton) was provided as the legislative authority , which was then called the city and district council . Risch was able to delegate two representatives to this council. During the so-called long daily statute , which created the new federal treaty, the canton of Zug adopted a new constitution on the 5th autumn month of 1814. On August 28, 1814, the Rischer clearly committed themselves to the new Basic Law, which brought about the transition from direct to representative democracy as an essential feature. Since the Helvetic Republic, the community has met in Buonas, which was reinforced by the election of the landlord Burkard Meier to the local council.
Sonderbund War (1847)
After 1830, conservative and liberal forces clashed in the republics of the Confederation of States. They are struggling for power in the individual cantons and for shaping the federal government. In the 1940s, the political differences in Switzerland were heading for a crisis. The bitterness of the liberal minority had already grown so much in late 1844 that they tried to overthrow the government in Lucerne on December 8th. The first free movement failed, numerous liberals had to flee to the neighboring cantons, including Zug. The inn on the red cross had the reputation of the conservative government of Lucerne to be a refuge for Lucerne volunteers and opponents of the regime. In order to be protected against new attacks, in December 1845 the seven Catholic-Conservative cantons joined a protective association , the Sonderbund . After the fall of Freiburg on November 14, 1847, General Dufour ordered his troops to attack Lucerne. After Zug surrendered without a fight on November 21, the decisive battles between the Sonderbund and Tagsatzung troops broke out on November 23 near Gisikon and Meierskappel. The hilly terrain of the municipality of Risch played a crucial role in the deployment of the federal troops.
During the attack on the skirmishes on Michaelskreuz, the Egloff and König brigades were grouped in Berchtwil. At 11 a.m. and 12 p.m., the advance of the König Brigade followed, attacking via Rotkreuz and Küntwil. The Egloff Brigade was to attack via Honau and Gisikon. In the battle of Meierskappel on the night of November 22nd to 23rd, 1847, when it was not certain where the battle would take place and a battle of Red Cross was suspected, the community of Risch was ultimately largely spared. Because the brigade battalion did not manage to advance to Rotkreuz, they met the enemy in Meierskappel. Various private individuals were harmed by the fighting on Rischer Boden.
After the Sonderbund War (1848–1908)
In the time after the Sonderbund War there were still some problems in the community. The Rischer defended themselves against the canton's constitution, the school conditions in the community had to lead to tensile tests and the chapel responsibility had to be redefined after the death of the old chapel manager, Heinrich Ludwig Anton Keizer. In 1823 the third chapel in the parish, the Holzhäusern Chapel, was built. This also resulted in the establishment of the chaplain . In terms of taxation, the three upper neighborhoods Ibikon, Küntwil and Stockeri now also had to bear burdens. The current division of residents, citizens and parishes was only created by the cantonal constitution in 1873. Before, only the unified community was known. Since only very few non-citizens settled and the denomination was uniform, a subdivision was not considered necessary.
The French Revolution abolished many old customs and privileges, such as driving away. But customs offices can still be found in the Canton of Zug well into the 19th century. Of a total of 13 customs and road money offices, six are located on the cantonal borders. Until the construction of Kantonsstrasse 1839/40, the Rischer customs office was located in Berchtwil, then in the newly built Gasthof Kreuz in 1836, which existed until 2011.
In the bailiwick of Gangolfswil and the later municipality of Risch there was a trip ( ferry ) over the Reuss near Berchtwil to Eien near Oberrüti until May 5, 1905 .
The economic rise
Before 1800 practically every resident was dependent on a job in agriculture, from which only the millers were an exception. In the Bailiwick it was difficult for craftsmen to compete against the craftsmen of the city. It was not until the beginning of the 19th century that other professionals such as blacksmiths , joiners , carpenters , watchmakers , rope makers , roofers , butchers and bakers started working in the new municipality of Risch . New jobs were then offered in a spinning mill in Oberrisch. Since many people still had problems learning a trade, let alone buying the tools, Joseph Anton Abbé founded a secondary school for peasant sons at Buonas Castle in 1857 , in which he also opened a bookbinding , printing and bookshop . In 1862 this institution passed to the French Count Comar de Paris .
Only after the opening of the railway line in 1864 do businesses begin to settle in Rotkreuz. In 1874 there was a brickworks in Rotkreuz for a short time , from 1895 also a parqueterie factory, which in 1904 was the first building in the community to be connected to the Rathausen electricity company . In 1906 the Risch milk processing cooperative was founded, and in 1907 the construction of the dairy building began. From the 1930s, Rotkreuz also had a branch for the Lucerne Sauer and Hydrogen Works and for the animal feed manufacturer Utro. Great progress was made in 1940 with the opening of IPSA (Industrie petrolifère SA), which developed into an important recycling industry, especially during World War II . This company extracted coffee grounds to make oils for industrial purposes. At the same time, the IPSA was also the first oil refinery in Switzerland. After the refinery was sold to Egypt , however , the area came into the possession of the OKK (Upper War Commissariat) of the federal government in 1962 and was expanded by eight large tanks. Kerosene for aircraft of the Swiss Army is now stored in these tanks .
In the second half of the 20th century, the Zug region dynamically expanded into a national and international financial and trading center, benefiting from its proximity to Zurich and an attractive tax policy . The number of jobs increased rapidly, the number of residents rose sharply, and the construction boom broke out almost explosively. The first pharmaceutical company, Roche Diagnostics , soon set up shop in Risch with its Swiss headquarters in Rotkreuz, and many other small and medium-sized companies followed. Together with the other Zug municipalities, Zug rose to the top of the financially strong cantons . Risch was an important part of Zug's rise to become an international financial and trading center. The region is today, as the British Guardian once wrote, a “main direction of the global economy”. The number of the population in the community rose steadily, especially in Rotkreuz. Through the local planning in 1970 Rotkreuz was officially realized as a separate location, with the construction of the community center in 1986 next to the Rotkreuz train station, its importance as the main town of the community was strengthened. In the 1990s, the Holzhäusern golf course was opened, the largest golf course in Switzerland, but the project to build Legoland Switzerland failed. Roche Diagnostics opened a training center in Buonas Castle Park in the early 2000s and relocated its international headquarters to Rotkreuz in 2008. In 2011, the Roche Tower, the first building classified as a high-rise in Risch, was erected and, until the Park Tower in Zug is completed, it will be the tallest building in the Canton of Zug. With the start of construction of the Langweid quarter in 2011, the project of the largest car-free settlement in Central Switzerland began in Rotkreuz. In 2013, the pharmaceutical company Novartis also moved its headquarters here. New residential and commercial areas were created through the construction of new developments in Rotkreuz, including Lindenmatt , Arkadenhof and Langweid / Suurstoffi (the largest car-free district in Central Switzerland).
The villages of Holzhäusern and Risch developed only slowly, Buonas experienced a sharp increase in population from the 1980s onwards due to the construction of new residential areas.
The parish chancellery had been using the old schoolhouse in Rotkreuz since 1959, and in 1986 the parish's first town hall was inaugurated near the larger train station built in 1972. With the construction of the retirement home, the expansion of the school and the plan for a new, central development, Rotkreuz became the center of the Risch community.
In 2005 a municipality merger in the sense of an integration of the municipality of Meierskappel into the municipality of Risch was planned, which, however, failed in the vote with 56% no votes. The special thing about this merger would have been the change of canton from the municipality of Meierskappel in Lucerne to the canton of Zug. The community has been unofficially called Risch Rotkreuz since 2007, and in 2009 the town of Risch celebrated its 850th anniversary. At the end of 2012, the 10'000 population limit was exceeded, but Risch still wants to call itself a community.
Traffic development
The ride from Buonas
One of the privileges of Buona's rule was the right to drive. Nobody was allowed to cross the lake except in the Junker's ships. It is believed that the Buonas Fahr was only intended for passenger and not for freight traffic. This is supported by the fact that taxis for passenger transport can be documented as early as 1586 and earlier. When asked why the important journey was in Buonas and not in Risch or another court, the answer can be that all the main streets converged in Buonas and there was also an inn here. As a result, Buonas has become a collection point for travelers who traveled from Zug across the lake to Lucerne or vice versa. The oldest document on the driving of Buonas is from 1423. In 1431 there was a dispute between the lords of Buonas and the farmers of Zweiern, as the latter also wanted to build a driving. At the federal arbitration tribunal , the verdict was pronounced in favor of the von Buonas; a second drive was not set up. In 1782, after having owned the von Buonas family for centuries, the drive was sold to a private individual. Interestingly, driving law outlived the French Revolution and was recognized as private law by the Cantonal Council in 1821 and 1836. When steam shipping on Lake Zug opened on June 13, 1852 , the then owner built a landing stage in Buonas, which is still there today. The right to drive was retained until 1908, but had become meaningless when traffic was shifted to road and rail.
Road traffic
Streets in the Middle Ages
The streets in the Middle Ages were nothing more than mule tracks, although they bore the honorable name of Reichsstrassen . Traders from Northern Europe to Southern Europe traveled on these roads. Only at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries In the late 19th century, these streets were used for heavy freight wagons instead of small hodlers with mules. In addition to the Horgenerstrasse, which led from Horgen to Zug , there was a second important road through the Zugerland. The Reichsstrasse from Zurich via Knonau - Rumentikon - Drälikon - Berchtwil - Binzrain - Honau - Lucerne thus also ran through the Vogtei Gangolfswil. However, since it did not run through Cham or Zug, it played a less important role for internal traffic in Zugerland than it did for national traffic between Zurich and Lucerne. This also attracted many beggars, as can be read in numerous writings from the 15th century. To complete the network of trails, a road was laid from Buonas via Ibikon (there was an old inn) to Honau. Thanks to Hans Conrad Gyger's secret military maps from 1667, the individual routes can be found easily and precisely.
Roads in the 19th century
Many old customs and privileges were abolished by the French Revolution , including driving away. But customs offices can still be found in the Canton of Zug well into the 19th century. Of a total of 13 customs and road money offices, six are located on the cantonal borders. Until the construction of the Kantonsstrasse in 1839/40, the Rischer customs office was located in Berchtwil, then in the newly built Gasthof Kreuz in 1836. Over time, this customs and later inn changed its owner and its name; on June 15th the new "Gasthof zum rothen Kreuz" is the only one to be classified in the first of four classes by the local council.
The new cantonal law of January 4, 1838 had a signal effect. Because now all roads in the canton of Zug have been divided into two classes. In the municipality of Risch, the Cham - Honau road belonged to the first class and the Cham - Buonas - Risch - Böschenrot and Buonas - Rotkreuz roads to the second class. In the years that followed, all of these streets were widened and paved . With the constitution of 1848 there were no more sustiums, bridging duties and road money. In 1858 the street Hünenberg - Holzhäusern and until 1871 the street Rotkreuz - Meierskappel; the latter was classified as a second class road by the canton. Thus, all hamlets, with the exception of Berchtwil, through which the canton's most important road previously ran, were now connected to the Rotkreuz train station , built in 1864 . From December 18, 1886, on which a new road law came into force, a distinction was no longer made between first-class and second-class roads, but between cantonal and municipal roads. Now the streets (Cham -) Dersbach - Zweiern - Buonas, Rotkreuz - Berchtwil, Risch - Stockeri (- Meierskappel) and Rotkreuz - Küntwil have been declared municipal roads. In 1893, the first municipal road regulations followed.
Roads in the 20th century
Due to the increasing motorization there were more and more problems in the community, e.g. B. through the level crossing in Rotkreuz, which blocked traffic on the cantonal road for 14 hours a day. There were also numerous accidents on the Rotkreuz - Cham road. After the First World War , when coal prices rose sixfold, so too did SBB fares . As a result, more and more goods were transported by road. After the Second World War , in the 1950s and 1960s, there was another sharp increase in road traffic. This not only meant that the main road Sihlbrugg - Rotkreuz - Honau was paved , but also that people were slowly thinking about bypassing Rotkreuz. This idea came up for the first time before the Second World War, when the Swiss National Exhibition took place in Zurich in 1938/39 and the Swiss Federal Shooting Festival in Lucerne in 1939, resulting in a lot of traffic on the congested main road through Rotkreuz. But back then everything stayed the same. As early as 1959, the Buonas and Rüti level crossings were replaced by overpasses. In Rotkreuz, however, it went on for ten years longer. Since they wanted to finally give way to the "Rotkreuzer Straßeensperre", the idea of bypassing them through the cantonal traffic plan came up at the end of 1964. This planned a bypass of the village center with a bridge over the railway line and then with a connection to the old main road. During the local planning of 1970, which also defined the borders of Rotkreuz (exactly as they are today), the idea of an additional bypass to the east came up. This should begin in the industrial area and then cross Küntwilerstrasse via Waldeten and then end in front of the Haldenhof. This eastern bypass was designed to meet the needs of traffic after the national highways went into operation and would therefore by no means correspond to the actual situation for many years to come. The municipal assembly in 1968 approved the 902.55 m long western bypass and opened in July 1969. After long discussions in 1982, following a petition, the east bypass project was canceled.
The construction of the national roads
The decisive step for the major traffic problems in Rotkreuz and also the future of the community was brought about by the federal decision on March 8, 1960 for the construction of the national roads . The north-south axis N4 Schaffhausen - Zurich - Brunnen SZ - N2 and the east-west transversal N14 Rotkreuz - Lucerne ( N2 ) should run through the municipality of Risch . The N4 was intended as the second Gotthard supply and was supposed to bring traffic from southern Germany to Italy via the Axenstrasse . After lengthy negotiations about the route in the canton of Zug, the first construction work began in the 1960s. In the autumn of 1974, the N4 from wooden houses to Cham and the N14 from wooden houses to Root with the impressive Reuss bridge of 415 meters in length were opened to traffic. This A4 / A14 motorway has been classified as a first-class connection. The N4.2 was the last section of the motorway to be built in the canton of Zug at that time and was opened on July 2, 1981.
Roads in the 21st century
At the beginning of the 21st century, with the construction of the A4 connection between Knonau and Zurich , the idea of a "Zugertor" motorway service station in Rotkreuz came up. This would be in Berchtwil and would also form a second motorway exit for Rotkreuz. However, this project was rejected by the people in 2007. A rest stop is expected to be built on the new stretch of motorway near Knonau.
Even today Rotkreuz is plagued by traffic jams and heavy traffic. As the industrial area gained in importance, the motorway exit had to be improved in 2008/2009. Now there is a roundabout at every exit ; At the exit from Zug / direction Gotthard, traffic on the main road Zug - Lucerne is directed over a bridge over the roundabout. In addition, another bypass to the east is planned to relieve the town center.
Railway construction
At the end of the 1850s, when plans were being drawn up for railway lines between Zurich and Lucerne that would also pass through Rotkreuz, several disputes sparked over the square of the train station. The only train station in the municipality was developed through the project of the east-west railway and should be located next to the canton road at the red cross. Many citizens of Rischer would have preferred to see him in the Rüti. After several negotiations and votes in the local council, the first train station was opened in Rotkreuz at the end of May 1864. Through the Gotthard Railway opened in 1872, which by the Swiss Central Railway was passed, and the construction of the section of the Aargau Southern Railway of Aarau / Rupperswil on December 1, 1881, more travelers from the German Reich to switch to here in the Gotthard Railway to Ticino came. Due to the northern access lines to the Gotthard via Zug and Lucerne, it was assumed that Rotkreuz would become less important. When the Gotthard Railway then completely stopped its traffic via Rotkreuz on May 1, 1897, the population began to decline.
The Risch / Meierskappel station was opened on June 5, 1925, but was closed again in 2003. In 1972 a larger train station was opened in Rotkreuz. With this 30 million project, the Rotkreuz junction as a collection and distribution point in central Switzerland has direct transport connections to the most important marshalling yards in German-speaking Switzerland and Ticino .
With the construction of the Stadtbahn Zug in 2004, the station was completely renewed and supplemented with electronic screens in the station, the underpasses and the platforms. With the opening of the Zug light rail and the Lucerne S-Bahn , Rotkreuz also became an important regional transfer hub.
School history
Gangolfswil School in the Middle Ages
The Synodal decrees of Constance in 1567 stipulated that youth teachers should be active in all parishes. It is not known whether this provision came into force in the Gangolfswil bailiwick at that time. In the 17th century, however, we know that the school in Gangolfswil was subordinate to a secular school teacher, and around 1702 even a schoolmaster. However, the teachers were not very well educated and had learned their trade in an apprenticeship. At that time, most of the schoolmasters were among the poorest in the population, so most of them had to do a second job because they could not live on the money they had earned. From 1726 school lessons were held in the Allrüti, where an inn was opened later.
Parish schools Risch and wooden houses in the Middle Ages
In the 18th and 19th centuries, the students in Risch were taught by the parish. They were taught topics such as Christianity , ethics , reading and writing, and arithmetic. Students from Risch, Oberrisch, Buonas and Böschenroth attended the school of the rule Buona in Risch. In addition to wooden houses, the other hamlets of the bailiwick Gangolfswil Berchtwil, Allrüti, Alznach and Dersbach also belonged to the school community of Holzhäusern. Around 50 children were taught in 7 classes in wooden houses. Lessons were the same as in Risch, but according to the instructions of the normal school in St. Urban . The number of pupils of 10% of the population at that time was extraordinarily seldom high, since most of the farmers wanted to read and write and paid for it by all means for a good school fee. On March 10, 1803, the Swiss state order was replaced by the mediation constitution. As a result, a new school plan was created in the canton of Zug.
Community schools Risch and wooden houses
As early as 1771, a school in wooden houses was opened by the then chaplain PO Suter; 1798 a school in Risch by the pastor Bernhard Hildebrand. In the 1840s, the number of students in Risch was between 60 and 75. Since the new cantonal school law of 1849, one year after the founding of the municipality of Risch, stipulated a maximum class size of 60, the Risch school had to be in a high and low school shared, which continued to take place in the Kollature building. As the classes got bigger and bigger and new teachers were needed, the nuns from Menzingen were ordered to Risch. Around 1905, upper and lower schools were taught by teacher nurses.
Due to the great demand for learning the craft was a 1856 high school to lock Buonas established by Abbé Joseph Bruhin . Since the school service in wooden houses was bad, they wanted to combine the two schools into one, but this was rejected by the people. Since school lessons had to be held in a cellar due to lack of money and this turned out to be unhealthy, an extension was made to the wooden chaplain’s house. In 1888, the community wanted to close the Holzhäusern school again, which, however, was not approved by the people. It was not until 1910 that the new wooden houses school was built, which is still in operation today. In 1923, school lessons were divided into two departments in wooden houses. On May 5, 1957, the new school building opened in Risch, in which teaching is still taking place today.
In 1863 physical education was introduced in schools, and in 1881 there was a school theater in the boys' school hall in Risch. The Menzing sisters left the Risch community in 1960.
Rotkreuz School
The three "upper neighborhoods" Küntwil, Ibikon and Stockeri visited the school in Meierskappel. After a school dispute between 1866 and 1871 and the establishment of a cooperative of the three upper neighborhoods, a school was set up on October 27, 1879 in the Rotkreuzhof. Initially, this school lesson was attended by 51 students. Since the number of students in Rotkreuz was also steadily increasing, the demand for new premises was great. For this reason a school building commission was formed, which envisaged a centralization of all schools in the community into one school in Buonas. Due to the popular vote, this did not come about and just two years later, on November 8th, 1883, the community's first real schoolhouse was opened in Meierskappelerstrasse, opposite the church. The lessons that were previously held catholic are now taught through reformed religious instruction. From 1920 onwards, lessons were held in three departments. In 1933 the Rotkreuz school was expanded by Emil Weber's schoolhouse 1 with a gym in restrained modernity . In 1946 the secondary school opened in Rotkreuz. The Rotkreuzer school complex is supplemented by school house 3 as well as a singing hall by Paul Weber, who also designed the two subsequently built school houses. In 1962, the final class ( secondary school ) was introduced in Rotkreuz (later works school), and schoolhouse 2 opened two years later. From 1967 an auxiliary class was also run, which in 1969 was the first to go to a ski camp. In 1970, the speech therapy service was introduced and the 3rd secondary class was held in Rotkreuz instead of in Cham. This upper level with an auxiliary school is also attended by the children from Meierskappel from 1974. Since more and more pupils are now attending the Rotkreuz school, school house 4 with a gymnasium is opened in 1974, which is initially used as a high school. In 1975 the school prefecture was transformed into the school rectorate of the Risch-Rotkreuz schools; Richard Hediger becomes the first rector. Due to the great demand, all upper school courses were held twice from 1976, and the community music school was opened. In 1979 the private kindergarten association was dissolved and the kindergarten is run by the community. In the same year the 3rd real class was introduced in Rotkreuz, a year later individual primary classes had to be run three times. In 1983 the introductory class was opened, which is still available today under the name of Kleinklasse. In 1987 the architects Hans Peter Ammann and Peter Baumann opened the Waldegg high school complex, which is located behind the primary school on Waldeggstrasse and consists of three sober school wings with classrooms, a kitchen, a library and a triple gymnasium . In 1998, the singing hall, which consisted of its own building, was expanded to form school building 5 and an additional storey was added. Since the music school also used the premises of the primary school and the town hall and was thus distributed throughout the village, the new music school with the school and community library was opened at the northern end of the school complex in 2003 (the latter was previously in the upper school building). The music school was designed by the architects Monika and Martin Jauch-Stolz and consists of a dark concrete shell that surrounds the actual building. A disadvantage of the new music school is that the students can no longer perform together in the Dorfmatt hall, but individually in the music school's auditorium. Using the same construction principle, these architects also built the new kindergarten building with the rectorate at the southern end of the school complex. The rectorate was previously located in the first schoolhouse in Rotkreuz, which was used as the community chancellery from 1959 to 1986 . A media library is planned for this school building from 2009 . In 2004 the factory school was abolished and the pupils who now go to the secondary school are looked after by a speech therapist. In 2007 the so-called Sarnahalle had to be closed due to the risk of collapse, and in 2008 the Dorfmatt sports hall was opened in the Rotkreuz sports park. At the beginning of 2008, the school was terrified by a terrorist threat. In the end, however, it was just a student prank. In 130 the number of pupils in Rotkreuz grew from 50 to 1000 pupils.
fire Department
At the beginning of the 19th century, on January 16, 1809, before the cantonal fire protection insurance was founded, a fire show commission was set up to examine the safety precautions in all buildings in order to avoid fires. However, the actual extinguishing system was still in its infancy. Although there was a serious fire in the "Neuhaus" in 1813, the extinguishing devices were not replaced until 1836. In the same year, a cattle epidemic broke out in the community, making the fire brigade one of the largest operations of the time. In 1839 the local council appointed a fire council in which the fire brigade was better equipped. It now consisted of a syringe, a water presser, a water carrier and a water scoop corps. The fire chief was marked with an armband with a cross and an R. In 1863, due to a lack of facilities, new deletion regulations were presented. In the years 1875 to 1900 there was a "fire epidemic" in the community, as the fire brigade often had to move out due to house and barn fires. The fire brigade had to reckon with many low blows until 1911, but after that it went uphill again. The fire brigade made great progress by connecting the community to the Rathausen power station . In 1956 the depot in wooden houses was moved into, the one in Risch in 1959 and the one in Rotkreuz in 1967, with the one in Rotkreuz being supplemented by a practice hall, the so-called Sarnahalle . This gymnasium was demolished in 2008 due to the risk of collapse, and the fire department depot is now the community's workshop. In 1998 the new fire station was opened on Birkenstrasse.
Poor affairs
In the 18th century, poor welfare was a church affair. In the following decades, however, the poor system was increasingly supported by the community. In 1828 a poor house and orphanage was opened in wooden houses in today's community courtyard. In 1889 the von Menzigen sisters took over the poor.
Postal services
In the old Swiss Confederation , the postal service was carried out individually by each canton. In the Helvetic Republic, the postal service becomes a state shelf; the Swiss territory was divided into five districts and Zug was divided into Zurich. Through mediation between 1803 and 1848, the postal system was again administered individually by each canton. But this administration had many disadvantages: a letter from Appenzell to Zug, for example, took a sixth of the time as a letter to East India, five days. Since the postal traffic from Lucerne to Zug ran via Gisikon - Sins - Cham instead of Gisikon - Berchtwil - Cham, the community did not have its own mailbox until 1848. From 1848 to 1867 the Rischer post office was located in the Engel inn in wooden houses, then in the former customs house and now the Rothkreuz inn, although the name wooden houses was retained for the time being. The location of the post office also had an impact on discussions about the location of the station. With the opening of the Aargau Southern Railway on December 1, 1881, the post office was given the geographically correct name "Rothkreuz". This was an important step towards the creation of the new Rotkreuz village. Since the railway lines Lucerne - Zurich and Aarau - Rotkreuz now met in Rotkreuz, a packer was needed who worked in the post transfer point in the train station. When the Gotthard Railway opened in 1882, a second packer was required. Since there was not enough space for the postal service in the Rothkreuz inn, a separate post office building with a post office was built on the other side of the railway line in 1883, and from 1884 on there was also a telegraph station. The mail traffic increased so that a third packer was needed. The mail traffic was so heavy that extra trains Rotkreuz - Zurich - Rotkreuz had to be used. Only with the construction of the Gotthard railway access Lucerne - Immensee in 1897 did postal traffic in Rotkreuz decline. From 1900 onwards, all letters were delivered by postmen, although this was reduced again in the First World War .
After two telephones were set up in Rotkreuz in 1896, which were connected to the headquarters in Zug in 1899, a telephone exchange was also opened in Rotkreuz, which was located in the schoolhouse at that time. In 1926, when the post office was expanded, the switchboard was also located here. A year earlier, in 1925, the courses of the Rotkreuz - Meierskappel stagecoach ride were discontinued because the new Risch / Meierskappel station was opened. Buying the post office was out of the question for the PTT , as the bar was much too small. The best location would have been directly at the old train station, which, however, could not be achieved due to the high land prices. Instead, a new, larger post office building was built next to the old one in 1958; the old post office was sold to the Zuger Kantonalbank . The latter tore down the old post office in 1959 and built a bank building, which could be moved into in 1960. The new post office from 1958 was an entrepreneur's building. It was not until 1963 that this PTT building was transferred to the Swiss Cooperative. In 1997, with the construction of the building next to the town hall in the center of Dorfmatt, Post and ZKB moved to the center of the village. The post office building from 1958 and the bank building from 1960 were demolished in 1999 and replaced by a modern apartment block. The "Poststrasse" and the "zur alten Post" café are still reminiscent of days gone by.
Origin of various place names
In the document issued by Pope Hadrian IV in Lateran in Rome on March 28, 1159 , in which the Muri monastery was placed under the protection of the Pope, the church in Rishe was first mentioned in a document. Further, referred to in documents names are for example Riske , Rixa , Rysche , Rischse or Risch . Even the oldest evidence shows the pronunciation with a long i, as it is still pronounced today. According to Weigand's dictionary, Risch means a swamp rush , scripus lacustris , which can be transferred to reeds, marshland and clearing. These can be found on the lower Kirchberg. Due to the important parish of Risch, this name was used in 1798 for the newly formed parish. The pronunciation of the name in phonetic transcription is [ ˈʀiʃ ].
The area of Rotkreuz, which was called Rotrüti until the 17th century, is also named after a plant. Like Böschenrot, the word Rotrüti contains the Old High German word riotto , which means something like reed . This reed goes back to the times of the lake of Rotkreuz , the Zugersee still reached to Rotkreuz. Since the soil of Rotrüti was often heavily forested, the partial word -rüti can be found in the name. In 1685 the Rotrüti turned out to be divided into two parts, which also explains the disappearance of the field name. On the southern part of the Rotrüti there was a cross that was documented from around 1610. This used to stand on the continuation of the moraine hill , on which the Reformed Church is today. The Rotkreuzhof farm was named after this red cross in 1840 and the new train station in 1864. At the beginning of the 20th century, people still often spoke of the Red Cross . The current size of Rotkreuz was not determined until the zone planning in 1970.
But other local and field names are named after plants or plant-like things. The Binzmühle, for example, was named after the rushes that can be found at this location . Buonas is named after the headland (nose) that is overgrown by beeches, i.e. beech nose . Waldeten, on the other hand, is named after the old German name Waltrat, as the Acta Murensia from 1100 proves.
Web links
- Short version of the history of the municipality of Risch
- Parish of St. Verena Risch
- Renato Morosoli: Risch. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
literature
- Richard Hediger: Risch - history of the community . Prestel, Rotkreuz 1986, published by the Risch-Rotkreuz municipal council.
- Society for Swiss Art History: Art Guide Through Switzerland - Volume 1 , Bern 2005
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Richard Hediger: Risch - history of the community . Prestel, Rotkreuz 1986, published by the Risch-Rotkreuz municipal council.
- ↑ Credit Suisse Economic Research: Swiss Issues Regions - The Zug-West region at a glance. January 2012, p. 2
- ↑ Press release 1/2013 - First mark of 10,000 inhabitants exceeded
- ↑ a b c Society for Swiss Art History: Art Guide Through Switzerland - Volume 1 , Bern 2005, p. 740 ff.
- ↑ Neue Zürcher Zeitung from June 25, 2008.
- ^ The rampage at school in Rotkreuz announced - Zisch - Neue Zuger Zeitung ( memento from August 15, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) from January 8, 2008.
- ↑ Amok threat: reward exposed - Zisch - Neue Zuger Zeitung ( memento from August 15, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) from January 9, 2008.
- ↑ The gunman wanted to extend the vacation - Zisch - Neue Zuger Zeitung ( memento of August 15, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) of January 9, 2008.
- ↑ Richard Hediger / Risch-Rotkreuz community: Education Risch - school info 2007/2008 - 30 years of the upper secondary school (additional supplement from d'Gmeind ). Red Cross 2007.
- ^ History of the Risch fire department