Goleniów

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Goleniów
Goleniów coat of arms
Goleniów (Poland)
Goleniów
Goleniów
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : West Pomerania
Powiat : Goleniów
Area : 12.00  km²
Geographic location : 53 ° 34 '  N , 14 ° 50'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 33 '49 "  N , 14 ° 49' 41"  E
Height : 15 m npm
Residents : 22,284
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 72-100 to 72-102
Telephone code : (+48) 91
License plate : ZGL
Economy and Transport
Street : DK3 Świnoujście ↔ Jakuszyce
DK6 Kołbaskowo ↔ Pruszcz Gdański
Ext. 113 Święta ↔ Maszewo
Rail route : Szczecin Dąbie – Świnoujście
Koszalin – Goleniów
Next international airport : Szczecin-Goleniów
Gmina
Gminatype: Urban and rural municipality
Gmina structure: 52 localities
32 school offices
Surface: 443.00 km²
Residents: 36,039
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 81 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 3204023
Administration (as of 2012)
Mayor : Robert Krupowicz
Address: Lotników 1
72-100 Goleniów
Website : www.goleniow.pl



Goleniów [ gɔˈlɛɲuf ] (German Gollnow ) is a city in the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship .

Geographical location

The city is located in the Puszcza Goleniowska ( Gollnower Bürgerheide ) on the river Ina ( Ihna ) in Western Pomerania . It is located about 20 km north of Stettin ( Szczecin ), 10 km east of the dam's lake ( Dąbie ) and 50 km south of Kamien Pomorski ( Cammin ).

history

Former town hall building that survived the Second World War, today the district court
Gollnow an der Ihna , southeast of the Szczecin Lagoon on a map from 1905.
View of part of the historic city center. On the right is the preserved part of the medieval city wall
Medieval city wall with the round fangel tower and the octagonal mint tower .
Wollin Gate from the 15th century.
Wolliner Tor, side view.
Katharinenkirche (Protestant until 1945).

middle Ages

As early as the 10th century there were first settlements in the area of ​​today's city. The first Saxon colonists came around 1190. 1268 of the Pomeranian Duke gave Barnim I the hitherto Vredeheide said place the Magdeburg Rights , as adapted by him Szczecin form. The city was named Gollnow in reference to the Golinogheide that surrounds it. In 1314 Duke Otto I changed the town charter to the Luebian law . As early as the 14th century there was a school in Gollnow, where Latin could apparently also be learned. Occasionally, students from Gollnow appeared at the University of Prague from the 14th century , later also in Erfurt , Leipzig and Rostock .

By this time Gollnow was already a member of the Hanseatic League and was granted duty exemption for the Ihna and Peene rivers in 1339 to promote its trade . Since the city was on the lower reaches of the Ihna, it could control the whole river. For example, the city of Stargard, 20 kilometers upstream, had to buy free passage for a lot of money. Thanks to these favorable circumstances, Gollnow achieved considerable wealth. The importance of the city was confirmed in the right to mint coins granted in 1383 . Grain, timber and salt trade were the dominant economic factors until well into the 18th century.

Sweden time

During the Swedish rule from 1630 to 1720, the economy experienced a significant decline. Around 1684 a dispute between the cities of Szczecin, Stargard and Gollnow had to be settled over shipping rights.

With the Treaty of Stockholm Gollnow came to Prussia in 1720 . From 1733 to 1755 Gollnow was the garrison of the Dragoon Regiment 5 "Bayreuth" .

19th and 20th centuries

19th century post office that still serves as a post office.

With the introduction of the Prussian administrative reform after the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the city was incorporated into the Naugard district (from 1818). Economic life flourished again when Gollnow was connected to the railway lines of the Altdamm-Colberger Railway Company to Kolberg and Kammin in 1882 and 1892 . This increased the population from 1850 to 1890 by 60% to 8,000. From 1833 to 1849 the city was garrison for the Colbergsche Grenadier Regiment Graf Gneisenau (2nd Pomeranian) No. 9 and later for a division of field artillery No. 2.

Economic life was dominated by industrial companies involved in textile and paper production and wood processing, in particular the furniture manufacturer WILAGO founded by Willi Laabs in 1913.

Around 1930 the district of the city of Gollnow had an area of ​​109.3 km², and in the city area there were a total of 985 houses in 43 different places of residence:

  1. Expansion of the Naugarder Chaussee
  2. Fire crew
  3. Width break
  4. Butterkamp
  5. Domstreichsberg
  6. Eichberg
  7. Railway keeper's house on Stettiner Chaussee
  8. Forsthaus Chausseehaus
  9. Forsthaus Lüttkenheide
  10. Forsthaus cut target
  11. Friedrichshof
  12. Gollnow
  13. Gross Hohehorst
  14. Grünhaus
  15. Grünhof
  16. Grünhorst
  17. Helgenfeld
  18. Courtyard to the left of the Ihna
  19. Courtyards to the right of the Ihna
  20. Hölkenhorst
  21. Catherine wood
  22. Kavelweg
  23. Kempkenor t
  24. Copper hammer
  25. Long neck
  26. Marienkamp
  27. Neuhof
  28. Neumühle
  29. Paper mill
  30. Broken wheel
  31. Ratskamp
  32. Fun fair
  33. Schönwerder
  34. Schützenhaus and houses on Saatweg
  35. Sun mill with extensions
  36. Speckerforth
  37. sports ground
  38. Star mill
  39. Trappenort with forester's house
  40. Forest rest home
  41. Fulling Mill
  42. Central prison
  43. Room camp

In 1925 there were 11,624 inhabitants in Gollnow, including 122 Catholics and 45 Jews, who were distributed over 2938 households.

Towards the end of the Second World War , the Red Army occupied the region in the spring of 1945 . Large parts of the city were destroyed in the course of the fighting. Only a few older buildings have survived from the pre-war period, including the Church of St. Catherine , the town hall and the post office. Soon after the occupation by the Red Army, the city was placed under Polish administration. In 1946 the German city of Gollnow was renamed Goleniów . If the inhabitants had not fled, they were later expelled by the local Polish administrative authorities or later resettled and replaced by Poles.

After 1945

In 1946, only 1,700 people lived in the city, which in 1954 became the seat of a powiat and in 1957 had 9,000 inhabitants again. 1975 Goleniów lost the seat of the powiat during an administrative reform, but got it back in 1999. In connection with the tradition as a Hanseatic city, the 1st Hanse Festival took place in Goleniów in 2005.

Stalls on the market on the Ihna (near the old post office).

On the Ina , not far from the old post office, the townspeople have a spacious market area with numerous stalls where traders offer fresh fruit and vegetables, groceries, household goods and cheap goods such as clothing and shoes on weekdays.

Population numbers

year Number of
inhabitants 		Remarks
1740 1,645
1782 2,070 including 62 Jews
1794 2,105 no jews
1812 2,787 including twelve Catholics, no Jews
1816 2,798 including eight Catholics and 24 Jews
1820 2,849
1831 4,062 including ten Catholics and 137 Jews
1843 4,941 including nine Catholics and 146 Jews
1852 5,498 including eight Catholics and 131 Jews
1861 6,988 including 19 Catholics and 105 Jews
1871 7,272 including 7,109 Protestants, twenty Catholics and 143 Jews
1875 7,913
1880 8,708
1910 10.126
1925 11,620 mostly Protestant (120 Catholics, 45 Jews, 380 others)
1933 13,175 including 12,698 Protestants, 208 Catholics, four other Christians and 84 Jews
1939 13,740 including 12,951 Protestants, 211 Catholics, 94 other Christians and 39 Jews
2002 22,500
2014 22,777
2015 22,718

Development of the population of Goleniów

economy

A subsidiary of the wind turbine manufacturer Volkswind is located in the village .

traffic

Station seen from the southwest.

State road 3 ( Droga krajowa 3 ) leads through Goleniów from Świnoujście ( Swinoujscie ) to Stettin ( Szczecin ), which follows the former state road 111 up to here . North of the city, Droga krajowa 6 (former R2 ) branches off in the direction of Nowogard (and on to Koszalin ), which is to be expanded into the Droga ekspresowa S6 expressway in the future .

Droga wojewódzka 113 runs directly through the city center from Święta to Maszewo (Massow). From this the Droga wojewódzka 112 (DW 112) branches off to Stepnica (Stepenitz).

Stettin-Goleniów Airport is located to the northeast, about five kilometers away .

The railway lines 370/372 ( Stettin – Świnoujście ) and 375 ( Goleniów – Koszalin ) fork in Goleniów .

The route of the Naugarder Kleinbahnen , the later Naugarder Bahnen, opened on December 14, 1903, led to Naugard . Goleniów has a train station on the Szczecin Dąbie – Świnoujście railway line .

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

  • Johann Friderich Clemens (1749–1831), Danish engraver of German origin
  • Heinrich Barkow (1842–1903), German lithographer
  • Georg von Zastrow (1846–1907), German officer, most recently major general and commander of Mainz
  • Raphael Silberstein (1873–1926), German hygiene doctor and local politician in the Berlin district of Neukölln
  • Margarete Beutler (1876–1949), German poet, writer and translator
  • Kurt Leese (1887–1965), German pastor and religious philosopher
  • Werner Kollath (1892–1970), German bacteriologist, hygienist and nutritionist, pioneer of whole food nutrition
  • Elisabeth Griehl (1893–1973), German politician (SED), member of the Mecklenburg state parliament from 1946 to 1950
  • Günther Marks (1897–1978), German church musician, cantor, pedagogue, organist and composer
  • Rudolf Lemke (1906–1957), German psychiatrist and neurologist, university professor
  • Erich Spiegel (1919–1984), German politician, Mayor of Stettin in May 1945
  • Manfred Harder (1936–2006), German economist
  • Helga Paris (* 1938), German photographer, created everyday and socially critical photographs in the GDR
  • Christof Ziemer (* 1941), German Lutheran theologian, leading figure in the peace movement in the GDR
  • Gunther-R. Eggert , German director
  • Klaus Michaelis (* 1944), German lawyer, former member of the management of the German Pension Insurance Association
  • Marek Leśniak (* 1964), Polish footballer
  • Nikol Płosaj (* 1996), Polish cyclist

Worked in place

  • David Crolle (unknown – 1604), Lutheran theologian
  • Julius Jordan (1813-1893), Prussian civil servant
  • Hermann Mensch (1831–1914), German philologist, rector of the higher boys' school in Gollnow
  • Otto Dross (1861–1916), German writer and high school teacher
  • Wilhelm Speck (1861–1925), writer, poet, evangelical pastor and educator, prison chaplain in Gollnow
  • Alfred Finke (1888–1971), mayor from 1920 to 1921
  • Otto Marloh (1893–1964), German officer

Attractions

  • Small remnants of the medieval city wall with an integrated round fangel tower and - a few meters away - the octagonal coin tower (located between the Ihna and the Katharinenkirche).
  • Wolliner Tor : City gate from the 15th century, the only one of the original four existing city gates that has survived (located near the Katharinenkirche). The tower of the gate is 25 meters high and has five floors. The building is currently (2010) used as a cultural center.
  • Katharinenkirche : a late Gothic brick hall church that was expanded in 1865.

Twin cities

Gmina Goleniów

The urban and rural community of Goleniów is divided into the following districts ( sołectwo ) in addition to the main town of the same name :

  • Białuń (Gollnowshagen)
  • Bolechowo (Diedrichsdorf)
  • Borzysławiec (Luisenthal)
  • Budno (Buddenhof)
  • Burowo (Burow)
  • Czarna Łąka (mountainous region)
  • Danowo (Jakobsdorf)
  • Glewice (Glewitz)
  • Imno (Immenthal)
  • Kąty (Kattenhof)
  • Kliniska Wielkie (Groß Christinenberg)
  • Komarowo (Karlshof)
  • Krępsko (Hackenwalde)
  • Lubczyna (Lübzin)
  • Łaniewo ( Long Neck )
  • Łozienica (Neuhof near Gollnow)
  • Marszewo (Marsdorf)
  • Miękowo (Münchendorf)
  • Modrzewie (Grünhorst)
  • Mosty (bacon)
  • Niewiadowo (Harmsdorf)
  • Podańsko (Puddenzig)
  • Pucice (Oberhof)
  • Rurzyca (Rörchen)
  • Stawno (Stevenhagen)
  • Święta (Langenberg)
  • Tarnowiec (New Lüttkenhagen)
  • Tarnówko (Lüttkenhagen)
  • Wierzchosław (Amalienhof)
  • Załom (Arnims Forest)
  • Żdżary (Eichberg)
  • Żółwia Błoć ( Barefoot Village )
  • Other localities :
  • Bącznik ( Dickmühl )
  • Bolesławice ( Prince's Flag )
  • Bystra ( mountainous region )
  • Dobroszyn ( Sophienthal )
  • Domastryjewo ( Domstreichsberg )
  • Gniazdowo ( Hölkenhorst )
  • Grabina
  • Ininka
  • Inoujscie ( Ihnamünde )
  • Iwno ( Ibenhorst )
  • Kamieniska
  • Kępy Lubczyńskie ( Jagenkamp )
  • Kłosowice ( Blankenfelde )
  • Krzewno ( F. Lüttkenheide )
  • Łęsko ( Unter Karlsbac h)
  • Mosty-Osiedle
  • Nadrzecze
  • Niedamierz ( Stiefelsberg )
  • Przepiórki
  • Pucie ( Püttkrug )
  • Pucko
  • Rurka ( Rörchen )
  • Smolniki
  • Smolno
  • Warcisławiec ( Groß Sophienthal )
  • Trzebuskie Łęgi
  • Twarogi ( F. average cut )
  • Zaborze ( Langenhorst )
  • Zabród ( Schönwerder )
  • Zamęcie
  • Żółwia

Uninhabited: Burówko, Czołpino, Dębniki, Dębolesie, Inina, Inoujście, Janiszewo, Jedliny, Kalikowice, Kiełpinek, Kiełpinica, Łękinia ( Friedrichsdorf ), Marłecz, Mokrzenica, Niedcśyzyz, Ruzcśnozyz, Ruzyzzyz, Prlinzzyz, Ruzyz, Ruzzy, Prlinątlica. Trawica, Trzebuń, Załąki Duże, Załąki Małe, Zdrojewo ( Graßhorst ), Zgorznica.

literature

  • Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : A detailed description of the current state of the Königl. Prussian Duchy of Vor and Hinter Pomerania . Part I, Stettin 1779, pp. 174-180 .
  • Gustav Kratz : The cities of the province of Pomerania - an outline of their history, mostly according to documents . Berlin 1865, pp. 157-162 ( Online, Google ).
  • Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania . Part II, Volume 5, Section 1: Containing the property villages of the city of Stargard and the first half of the Naugarder district , Anklam 1872, pp. 498–942

Web links

Commons : Goleniów  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Golnow in the Topographia Electoratus Brandenburgici et Ducatus Pomeraniae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ^ Edward Włodarczyk : School life and teaching in Pomerania in the 17th century using the example of the city of Gollnow . In: Childhood and Youth in Modern Times 1500-1900 (Werner Buchholz, ed.). Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-515-07259-4 , p. 147 ff.
  3. ↑ Th. Schmidt: History of trade and shipping in Stettins . Part I: From the decline of the Hansa to the accession to the throne of Friedrich II. Berlin 1862, pp. 29–30
  4. ↑ http://www.laabs-gmbh.de/ger/firma2.htm  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.laabs-gmbh.de  
  5. ↑ a b c Gunthard Stübs and Pomeranian Research Association: The town of Gollnow in the former Naugard district in Pomerania (2011).
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h Gustav Kratz : The cities of the province of Pomerania - outline of their history, mostly according to documents . Berlin 1865, p. 160
  7. ↑ Alexander August Mützell: New topographical-statistical-geographical pocket book of the Prussian state . Halle 1821, Volume 2, p. 54 .
  8. ↑ a b c d Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. naugard.html # ew39nauggollnos. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  9. ↑ The Big Brockhaus . 15th edition, 7th volume, Leipzig | 1930, p. 485.
  10. ^ Meyer's travel books: German Baltic Sea Coast . Part II: Rügen and the Pomeranian Baltic Sea coast with its hinterland. Bibliographical Institute, Leipzig 1926.