Oberscheinfeld

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the Oberscheinfeld market
Oberscheinfeld
Map of Germany, position of the Oberscheinfeld market highlighted

Coordinates: 49 ° 43 '  N , 10 ° 26'  E

Basic data
State : Bavaria
Administrative region : Middle Franconia
County : Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim
Management Community : Scheinfeld
Height : 326 m above sea level NHN
Area : 42.27 km 2
Residents: 1132 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 27 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 91483
Area code : 09167
License plate : NEA, SEF, UFF
Community key : 09 5 75 157
LOCODE : DE OEC
Market structure: 19 parts of the community

Market administration address : 		Marktplatz 1
91483 Oberscheinfeld
Website : www.oberscheinfeld.de
Mayor : Peter Sendner ( CSU )
Location of the Oberscheinfeld market in the Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim district
Landkreis Kitzingen Landkreis Würzburg Landkreis Fürth Landkreis Ansbach Landkreis Erlangen-Höchstadt Landkreis Bamberg Gerhardshofen Bad Windsheim Baudenbach Burgbernheim Burghaslach Dachsbach Diespeck Dietersheim Emskirchen Ergersheim (Mittelfranken) Gallmersgarten Gollhofen Gutenstetten Hagenbüchach Hemmersheim Illesheim Ippesheim Ipsheim Langenfeld (Mittelfranken) Marktbergel Markt Erlbach Markt Nordheim Markt Taschendorf Münchsteinach Neuhof an der Zenn Neustadt an der Aisch Oberickelsheim Obernzenn Osing (Freimarkung) Simmershofen Sugenheim Trautskirchen Uehlfeld Uffenheim Weigenheim Wilhelmsdorf (Mittelfranken) Scheinfeld Oberscheinfeldmap
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Template: Infobox municipality in Germany / maintenance / market
Market place of Oberscheinfeld

Oberscheinfeld is a market in the district of Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim in Middle Franconia . Oberscheinfeld is a member of the Scheinfeld administrative association .

geography

location

The market is in the middle of the southern Steigerwald .

Community structure

The municipality has 19 officially named municipal parts (the type of settlement is given in brackets ):

Appenfelden

The medieval church village was probably founded at the turn of the 10th to the 11th century by the Franconian nobleman Appo, whose fields gave the town its name. Appenfelden was not mentioned in a document until the beginning of the 14th century when the Würzburg bishop Gottfried von Hohenlohe was awarded a tithe to an Ulricus Bebendorfer . Over the course of 300 years, ownership in Appenfelden changed several times between Würzburg, Vestenberg and Bamberg, until large parts of the place came to the Schwarzenbergs in 1668 , who had exercised jurisdiction there for a long time .

Originally belonging to the Kirchrimbach parish, the Appenfelden Catholics came to Burghaslach after the Reformation. In the 17th century, the Catholic Prince von Schwarzenberg assigned the parish to the Geiselwind parish . After the parishioners had built a small church on a hill north of the village, they were given their own chaplaincy in Geiselwind in 1775. The Catholic parishioners of Burghöchstadt, Oberrimbach and Rosenbirkach have been looked after from there since 1851.

Herpersdorf

The village is two kilometers southeast of Oberscheinfeld on the left and right of the banknotes. Both districts are connected by two bridges. Herpersdorf was first mentioned in a document as "villa hartwigesdorf" - a founding of the Franconian aristocrat Hartwig - in 1258 when the county of Castell was divided. In 1348, the Bamberg bishop Friedrich I von Hohenlohe owned a mill, three hubs (mansus), two fiefs and some field fiefs, the proceeds of which he had intended for the maintenance of Scharfeneck Castle . This connection to the Bamberg office of Oberscheinfeld remained until the end of the prince-bishop's reign in 1802.

Since Herpersdorf did not have its own church, the faithful first attended the service in the neighboring Schnodsenbach (today part of Scheinfeld). The Herpersdorf Catholics have been pastors to Oberscheinfeld since the middle of the 17th century.

Krettenbach

The district, which has only a little more than 20 houses, is a little off the road from Oberscheinfeld to Greuth am Krötenbach or Krettenbach. At the southwest exit of Krettenbach is a stately horse chestnut, the age of which is difficult to determine. It was included in the district's register of natural monuments.

The small town was first mentioned in the calendar of the Bamberg cathedral chapter in 1172 as Krötenbach and is thus the oldest documented town in the area next to Oberscheinfeld. In the 14th century, Bishop Friedrich von Hohenlohe determined the Krettenbacher income from three Huben (mansus) and a fiefdom to maintain the Oberscheinfeld office. This regulation existed until the abdication of the Bamberg prince-bishop in 1802. The responsible parish is still the Protestant Stierhöfstetten.

Oberambach

Southwest of Oberscheinfeld - separated by a ridge - is the clustered village of Oberambach, which probably derives its name "Anbuch" from a beech forest that is said to have belonged to a certain Onno. The village belonged to Bamberg's property early (14th century), from whose income the Oberscheinfeld office was maintained. Oberscheinfeld was responsible for the jurisdiction as well as for the pastoral care of the small community. This still applies today, although the Oberambachers have had their own chapel in the center of the village since 1882, where a service takes place four times a year.

Prühl

Its second largest district is located three kilometers north of the Oberscheinfeld market at the end of the so-called Prühler Bucht, which is enclosed in the west by the Roten Hörnle, Rothenberg, Heuberg and Steinberg, in the north by Herbertsberg and in the east by Hasenberg, Prühler Berg and Mühlberg. From here the road leads steeply uphill directly into the forest of the Steigerwald.

The Counts of Castell were already wealthy in Prühl in 1258. After that - from around 1345 - there was a similarly fragmented and scattered ownership structure here as in neighboring Appenfelden, before a final clarification came in in the 15th and 16th centuries: After Würzburg had ceded part of its goods to Schwarzenberg, they took the area as the master lords of Castell to fiefdom. The other part of the village was the bambergischen cents Office Oberscheinfeld to the entertainment of the castle Scharfeneck. In 1575, both lords drew up a joint village order for Prühl, which existed until the end of the 19th century.

The church conditions were even more complicated: after the village had its own house of worship in 1398, the Würzburg bishop decided almost a hundred years later that “the church in Hofstetten (Stierhöfstetten) would have to take care of the poor people in Brühl”. This measure caused z. For example, that Würzburg and Schwarzenberg appointed a Catholic priest for a short time during the Thirty Years' War. A little later the church rule passed to the Protestant Castell, whereby Prühl became a branch of Castell-Rüdenhausen. Finally - in 1739 - the parish came to the also Protestant parish of Stierhöfstetten, where it has remained to this day.

Schönaich and Herrnberg

The hamlet of Schönaich is located two kilometers southwest of the center of the village on Schön (e) bach. Since it was founded in the 14th century, it has remained "the village of the beautiful oaks", as the deciduous forest to the north still shows today. The Würzburg bishop Gottfried von Hohenlohe had given the Ministerial Albert Fuchs four Huben fiefs. A short time later, the Nuremberg burgraves came to part of the town through a Casteller apprenticeship. In the 16th century, Bamberg and Castell agreed to round off their territories, after which the Bamberg bishopric owned a few fiefs in Schönaich in addition to the cent jurisdiction until its end in 1802 , while the bailiwick belonged to the Castell office.

Only one kilometer west of Schönaich are two properties on the 362 m high Enzla ridge. The "Herrnberg", called "Herrnberg", belonged to the Bamberg Oberscheinfeld from the beginning, even if it was partly taxable to the Augustinian Canons of Birklingen and parish to Iphofen until the Thirty Years' War. During the devastating "Swedish War", Herrnberg was first re-parished to Stierhöfstetten and later to Oberscheinfeld, although or precisely because the two properties were totally destroyed. Until it was rebuilt in 1766, the Herrnberg fields were maintained by the farmers of the Mannhof estate two kilometers away.

Stierhöfstetten and Herper

Stierhöfstetten, located at the confluence of the Schwarzbach and Buchbach to the Krettenbach, probably developed in the 11th century from a few farms with stables. This is where its name Höfstetten comes from, which the place initially led into the 16th century. Later the name "Stier" was added, which was led by a respected family still living there today. The Oberscheinfelder ignored the complicated term to this day and referred to the village in their Franconian idiom as "Höschti".

Stierhöfstetten was mentioned for the first time in a document in 1231, when a Conrad von Speckfeld appeared as a fiefdom of Würzburg-Henneberg. 1306, Count Heinrich von Castell pledged goods and slopes to Count Boppo von Eberstein. Further Casteller shares went to the Nuremberg burgraves (Zollern) and later formed the basis of the Brandenburg-Ansbach part of the village. In addition, the Lords of Dachsbach appear in the legal book of Bamberg Bishop Friedrich von Hohenlohe as fiefs of Scharfeneck Castle, followed by all those who were Bamberg officials there. The Burghutlehen comprised a courtyard and four Sölden and also remained judicially in Oberscheinfeld, while Brandenburg-Ansbach had jurisdiction over its subjects in Stierhöfstetten.

The ecclesiastical conditions in Stierhöfstetten were just as complicated: the place had its own church as early as the High Middle Ages, as the church patron St. Sixtus attests. But it was not until 1477 that the Würzburg bishop decided that the pastor of Einersheim “must continue to put a chaplain in the village” - a sign that there must have been a unified parish. After the Reformation - Stierhöfstetten only became Protestant-Lutheran in 1546 - the parish looked after the religious brothers in Prühl, Herper, Krettenbach and Schönaich.

One kilometer north of Stierhöfstetten is the hamlet of Herper above the Höllengrundbach. The place has probably been around since the middle of the last millennium. Its name Herper (= hostel) refers to an inn that may have been open to travelers at this point who went up the Scheine-Krettenbachgrund to get to the elevated road that led from the Main Valley into the Aischgrund and is therefore still called Klosterweg today .

Herper was first mentioned in a document in 1588, when the Ministerial Hans Fuchs von Dornheim zu Wiesentheid exchanged six farms, four feudal people and a number of fiefs for the high wilderness on the Wiesentheid markings belonging to Castell-Rüdenhausen. From now on the place was castellisch, which had the consequence that Herper was kept “in good shape” by his village rule even after the total destruction during the Thirty Years War until the reconstruction of a small castle estate was possible (1696).

Neighboring communities

Neighboring communities are (starting from the north clockwise): Geiselwind , Burghaslach , Scheinfeld , Markt Bibart , Iphofen and Castell .

history

Settlement (6th - 12th centuries)

The upper Scheinefeld was probably settled by Ripuarian Franks during the Frankish conquest in the 6th century . Oberscheinfeld probably owes its name to a Franconian nobleman named Scego or Skago, who founded the settlement above the confluence of the two mountain streams Krettenbach and Prühlbach. A mountain spur of the Steigerwald located about one and a half kilometers northeast of the market town also makes a foundation on the 425 meter high Schlossberg not unlikely, especially since the area was easy to see from here and easy to defend. This is why a kind of fortress already existed here in the early Middle Ages . The von Scheinfeld family of Franks resided here in the 12th century under different names such as Scegevelt (1114), Segefelt (1151), or Sheigenvelt (around 1186) and others. a. m.

Exclave of the Diocese of Bamberg (1202–1802)

Before the year 1201, the Scharfeneck knight Friedrich de Scevelt pledged his property to the Bamberg bishop Timo in order to prepare for the 4th crusade . After his death, the castle and the associated village in the valley fell to the diocese of Bamberg . From now on Oberscheinfeld was a Bamberg fief with the fortress Scheinfeld, as Scharfeneck was called until the 16th century . Its geographical island location between Würzburg, Schwarzenberg, Castell , Limpurg-Speckfeld and knighthood areas made the place with its castle a Bamberg exclave . The office in Oberscheinfeld was continuously occupied by Bamberg servants. As early as 1313, a knight Konrad Zollner was named as the first bailiff. After that, the aristocratic families that administered Oberscheinfeld changed: Dachsbach, Muffelger, Eyb, Kappel (died out in 1536 - after that Oberscheinfeld fell back to Bamberg), Wenkheim, Wertheim or Vestenberg. Only at the end of the 17th century were there civil officials from Bamberg in Oberscheinfeld.

There are no concrete indications of the dimensions and appearance of the castle complex before the 13th century. There is also no trace of the Katharinenkapelle on the Schlossberg, mentioned in 1504. After the castle was abandoned, the stones were probably removed by farmers from Oberscheinfeld to fortify their houses. After the castle had already been described as dilapidated at the beginning of the 16th century ("ein öd schlos trob"), the Bamberg bailiffs began to demolish it around 1545 and built a new one with the stones below, near the center of Oberscheinfeld. more convenient lock. Only the built 1220-1235 dungeon remained as a lookout on the Castle Hill.

In 1339 the castle appears in the Bamberg castle hat directory, when Johann von Dachsbach , Vogt and Ritter von Scheinfeld, was awarded a hearth "behind the tower" including vines. This means that there must have been a hearth (a building) “in front of the tower”. The official seat was manned by two towers , two guards, a porter and the bailiff who was obliged to reside. He was entitled to income such as goods in kind, money and compulsory labor from precisely designated properties in the area. In addition to judicial and administrative duties, he was responsible for the defense and repair of the castle.

Construction loads in particular seem to have consumed a large part of the income. When Bishop Lambrecht von Brunn assigned the fortress Scheinfeld to the canon Count Albrecht von Wertheim in 1393 , he made the new owner an obligation to invest 400 guilders in the dilapidated facility over the next six years, but not to damage the “property belonging to it” or cut down the forests ”. Nonetheless, the income generated by the Oberscheinfeld fields was quite impressive: The legal book of Bamberg's Bishop Friedrich von Hohenlohe from 1348 shows that Oberscheinfeld paid ample taxes to Bamberg. The bishop alone received income from two Oberscheinfeld mills, ten court rides (areae), two houses (domus), an inn (taberna), and a bath room (stupa balnearis). Krettenbach brought income from four hubs (mansus), Herpersdorf from six and one mill, and Oberambach from nine hubs.

Thirty Years War (17th Century)

Oberscheinfeld was often attacked during the Thirty Years War . In 1631 alone the village was plundered eighteen or twenty-one times by the Swedes from the autumn of that year. It is said of Oberambach in 1644 that “currently nobody (here) lives, stands completely deserted, the hot theyls have been pried and theyls invaded”. Reconstruction could only begin in 1659. The completely devastated Herper was completely renewed from 1696. The same happened to the Ziegelhütte (1720) and the Herrenberger Hof, which was destroyed during the war and which lay fallow until 1766. In the center of Oberscheinfeld, too, life only gradually returned to normal. However, both the school and the parish, which had existed since the first half of the 15th century, were quickly reoccupied. The church building itself could only be consecrated again in 1691 after lengthy repair work.

Restoration of market rights (18th century)

In the chaos of war, Oberscheinfeld lost his market rights . It was not restored until March 9, 1716 by Lothar Franz von Schönborn , Prince-Bishop of Würzburg and Bamberg. Oberscheinfeld was thus given permission to hold a market four times a year, namely on the first Sunday Oculi, on the 3rd day of Pentecost, at the Jacobi festival and on the Sunday Luciae. A market day was added later. The handicrafts also contributed more and more to the growing prosperity of the community. That is why a guild regulation was required , which Lothar Franz von Schönborn had already enacted in 1711.

After the Bamberg diocese fought alongside Austria against Prussia in the Seven Years' War , the Oberscheinfelder exclave was attacked and looted by Prussian troops on May 20, 1759. After the lost war in 1763, the bishopric got into a difficult financial situation, which it tried to eliminate by increasing its income. In the course of these efforts, the Bamberg Bishop Adam Friedrich von Seinsheim granted the Oberscheinfeldern the right to hold their own cattle market in 1777. However, the last years of the 18th century did not bring any financial relief to its finances, as it was drawn into the coalition wars against Napoleon after the French Revolution .

Under the Bavarian flag (19th century)

In the course of secularization , the Bamberg prince-bishop had to abdicate and Oberscheinfeld became curbarian in 1802. Taken over by the Prussian Principality of Bayreuth in 1804, the market came under French military administration after the Peace of Tilsit in 1807. On June 30, 1810, Napoleon sold the principality to the Bavarian king for 15 million francs. Oberscheinfeld finally became Bavarian.

When the Bavarian financial administration sold the Oberscheinfelder forest to a Bamberg city council, 44 Oberscheinfelder merged to form a forest company, which managed to buy back the forest between 1815 and 1817. The partnership agreement stated that the forest areas could not be resold to external parties. Since this contract, the forest has been owned by Oberscheinfeld.

Road to Democracy (20th Century)

About a hundred Oberscheinfelder fell victim to World War I and World War II .

In 1945 the American military government removed the mayor , who was burdened by the Nazis, and appointed a farmer as the new head of office, who was democratically confirmed shortly afterwards. Its task was initially to accommodate and care for the evacuees, war refugees and displaced persons from East Germany in a humane manner. During this time, the Oberscheinfeld market accepted 693 "new citizens". This integration was astonishingly noiseless. After 1950, the population slowly returned to the pre-war level, as most of the newcomers had meanwhile found work and bread in other parts of the still young Federal Republic of Germany and had moved away.

Incorporations

With a regional reform from 1970 onwards, more efficient municipalities and districts were to be created throughout Bavaria. For the Oberscheinfeld market this meant a strengthening of the tax force and the enlargement of its area to more than 42 km². On January 1, 1972, the previously independent communities of Appenfelden, Herpersdorf, Krettenbach, Prühl and Stierhöfstetten were incorporated. Since then, the main town has been Oberscheinfeld.

Population development

In the period from 1988 to 2018, the population fell from 1199 to 1137 by 62 inhabitants or 5.2%.

politics

Market council

The local elections from 2002 onwards led to the following allocation of seats in the municipal council:

Political party 2002 2008 2014
CSU / Citizens' Block 4th 5 4th
Free voters 4th 4th 3
Electoral roll 2 P / 1 O / 1 A 2 P / 1 O 2 P / 1 O / 2 A
total 12 12 12
P Prühl community of voters
O Oberambach-Herpersdorf electoral list
A. Free voter community Appenfelden

coat of arms

Coat of arms from 1938
Coat of arms of Oberscheinfeld
 Blazon : "In blue the shining golden sun with six points, in the middle covered with a golden shield, inside a red armored black lion covered with a silver sloping bar."
Reasons for the coat of arms: According to the Bavarian Main State Archives, the coat of arms was used with the six-pointed sun as early as 1603, which is why it was re-awarded to the municipality of Oberscheinfeld on August 6, 1938 by the Reich governor in Bavaria, Baron Franz von Epp . With a municipal council resolution of October 29, 2013, the “modern” coat of arms with the 16-rayed sun was designated as the sole coat of arms of the community.

Culture and sights

Marching band Oberscheinfeld

The beginnings of the Oberscheinfeld brass band can be traced back to the late 18th century. From the years 1793 and 1797 there are still some original pieces of church music in the church archives. In addition, there are municipal receipts from the 19th century for expenses for musicians. After the First World War , the Oberscheinfeld Chapel was reorganized. A report on a homecoming church service in Scheinfeld in 1919 mentions an "eight-strong, capable Oberscheinfeld band". Shrunk to three musicians during the Second World War , the band experienced a new boom from 1947/48. With up to 17 musicians, the music was able to build on the pre-war period.

In October 1977 the band was officially founded under the name “Oberscheinfeld brass band”. Numerous young musicians were trained under the direction of Edgar Nitsche in the following years, some of whom were accepted into the brass band. The musicians, who now appeared in uniform costume , became increasingly known at Franconian and Bavarian music festivals. In 1987, the chapel was the first in the district of Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim the Pro Musica badge "for (well above) 100 years of tradition Oberscheinfeld Fields church and village music."

The expenses for the musical accompaniment of the hail holiday procession are borne by the community of Oberscheinfeld, as it is a community holiday. In addition, the brass band is an integral part of the annual Oberscheinfelder Forest Festival at the foot of the Scharfeneck ruins .

Buildings

Scharfeneck castle ruins on the Schlossberg
Interior of St.Gallus, Oberscheinfeld

The Catholic parish church of St. Gallus in the Oberscheinfeld district and the Scharfeneck ruins on the Schlossberg (formerly Scharfeneck Castle )

Architectural monuments

Steigerwald Club

A forest festival held on July 15, 1923 on the Schlossberg and documented by an entry in the parish chronicle marks the beginnings of the Oberscheinfeld branch of the Steigerwald Club. Already earlier, nature lovers from the village tried to convert the Scharfeneck tower ruin into a lookout tower, as well as to create access and hiking trails to the Schlossberg.

In 1968 the association was re-established. In 1971 hiking trails with a total distance of 65 km were laid out and in 1972 a hiking map was presented, which reached from Birklingen in the west via Oberscheinfeld to Oberrimbach in the east. On September 16, 1973, the Scharfeneck ruin was inaugurated as an excursion destination. The project was financially supported by the Neustadt / Aisch-Bad Windsheim district and the Free State of Bavaria. The members of the Steigerwald Club organize a “tower crew” who keep the observation tower open on Sundays and public holidays from Easter through autumn and supply the tourists with drinks. The highlight of the year is the forest festival on the first Sunday of the summer holidays.

In 1999 the penetrating rainwater made it necessary to replace the wooden platform. Two years later, the masonry had to be completely renovated. The considerable costs were covered by grants from the community, the district, the nature park, the district of Middle Franconia and numerous donations.

Personalities

Honorary citizen

  • Johann Enter, born on September 16, 1878 in Bamberg, pastor in Wachenroth since October 1, 1930, honorary citizen of the communities of Oberscheinfeld and Wachenroth

Sons of the place

literature

Web links

Commons : Oberscheinfeld  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Oberscheinfeld in the Topographia Franconiae (Mathäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ^ Oberscheinfeld municipality in the local database of the Bavarian State Library Online . Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, accessed on September 26, 2019.
  3. ↑ Hansjosef and Isolde Maierhöfer, Past and Preserved in "Der Steigerwald, 6th year, issue 3, July 1986
  4. ↑ Hansjoseph Maierhöfer Oberscheinfeld - Exquisite and Experienced , in "Der Steigerwald - Journal of a Franconian Landscape", 4th year, No. 3, 1984.
  5. ↑ Hansjoseph and Isolde Maierhöfer, Past and Preserved , in “Der Steigerwald - Journal of a Franconian Landscape”, 6th year, No. 3, 1986.
  6. ^ Johann Caspar Bundschuh Geographical-statistical-topographical lexicon of Franconia , 6 volumes (Ulm) 1799–1804; here Volume IV.
  7. ^ Max Döllner : History of the development of the city of Neustadt an der Aisch up to 1933. Ph. C. W. Schmidt, Neustadt a. d. Aisch 1950, OCLC 42823280 ; New edition to mark the 150th anniversary of the Ph. C. W. Schmidt publishing house, Neustadt an der Aisch 1828–1978. Ibid 1978, ISBN 3-87707-013-2 , p. 195.
  8. ↑ Constantin Höfler Registrum Burghutariorum Ecclesiae Bambergensis , Bamberg 1855.
  9. ↑ MB Schwab Oberscheinfeld and the Scharfeneck castle ruins , in "Die Dorflinde". Local history and entertaining supplement to the Scheinfelder Kurier, 2nd year, No. 1–5, 1925.
  10. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), p. 237.
  11. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 565 .
  12. ↑ Entry on the coat of arms of Oberscheinfeld  in the database of the House of Bavarian History
  13. ↑ Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Letter No. 7 , May 5, 1938
  14. ^ Reichsstatthalter in Bavaria file number 3 / 23.7. , August 6, 1938
  15. ^ Minutes of the parish meeting of October 29, 2013
  16. ↑ Oberscheinfeld brass band - history . Website of the Oberscheinfeld brass band. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
  17. ↑ Festschrift of the Oberscheinfeld brass band Over 100 Years of Churches and Village Music , 1987
  18. ^ Steigerwaldklub: website .
  19. ^ On honorary citizen Johann Enter: Manuscript Norbert Haas, Postfach 1646, 96007 Bamberg