Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer

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Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer, drawing: Jan Vilímek

Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer , also Dienzenhofer , Czech Kilián Ignác Dientzenhofer (born September 1, 1689 in Prague ; †  December 18, 1751 ibid) was a builder of the Bohemian late Baroque from the German artist family Dientzenhofer .

Nicholas Church on the Old Town Square in Prague
Magdalen Church in Karlsbad (Karlovy Vary)

Origin and education

Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer was the son of the builder Christoph Dientzenhofer and Maria Anna, nee. Long. Although he soon achieved great fame, little is known about his education. Presumably he attended the Lesser Town Jesuit grammar school and then studied philosophy for a year at the Old Town Clementinum . It is believed that he wanted to choose a clerical profession and only came to architecture under the influence of his father. With him, who created the prerequisites for his successful artistic career, he learned the mason trade.

During a stay in Vienna Kilian Ignaz is said to have practiced with Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach and also with Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt . Around 1709 he went on extensive study and educational trips abroad, the duration of which is not known. It is certain that from 1716 he helped his father build the Břevnov Monastery . He is said to have learned and spoken six languages.

Profession and Success

Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer designed and built a vast number of sacred and secular buildings in Bohemia , Moravia and Silesia . The Prague panorama is shaped by its architecture. Before 1722 he was involved in various projects of his father, some of which he completed after his father's death. His earliest independent buildings include the Villa Amerika in Prague and the St. John Nepomuk Church in the Ursuline convent on the Hradcany .

After the death of his father, he took over his position as a master builder for the Benedictines in Břevnov and Braunau . This meant that he had to design and execute all buildings in the area of ​​the Břevnov-Braunauer monastery domain and its provosts in Politz and Wahlstatt . The religious orders of the Bohemian Jesuits , Augustinians and Lords of the Cross with the Red Star gave him orders. His success and fame meant that as early as 1725 he was such a sought-after and busy master builder that it was difficult even for noble builders to win him over for a project.

Among the numerous orders that Abbot Othmar Daniel Zinke entrusted to him was the monastery complex and the monastery church in Wahlstatt in Silesia, which was a branch of the Braunau monastery from 1703 to 1810 and whose architecture is seen as an artistic highlight of the young Dientzenhofer.

In contrast to the architecture of his father, the high baroque forms take a back seat. In his buildings he preferred the central building and combined the previous Bohemian forms with the courtly Viennese style. Emperor Charles VI. awarded him the title of court architect in 1730 , and in 1737 he was appointed chief fortress architect.

After his death, many of the projects he had started and planned were carried out by his son-in-law Anselmo Lurago , who was also entrusted with the vacancy of the court architect.

family

In 1719, while his father was still alive, Kilian married Anna Cäcilia Popel, who was ten years his junior and who gave birth to ten children over the next few years, in the church of St. Johann an der Furt, a branch church of St. Aegidius in Prague's old town.

In 1725 he built a two-story villa for his family in Smíchov , a suburb of the Lesser Town, which probably served as a summer residence and for which his friend Wenzel Lorenz Reiner created a fresco.

After Cäcilias death on January 1, 1729, he married Anna Theresia Henrych on October 1, 1729, with whom he had six sons and seven daughters. Son Wenzel became a well-known Jesuit and lawyer, son Wilhelm († 1807) was prior of the Augustinian monastery in Hohenelbe .

Works (selection)

In Prague

Villa Amerika in Prague

Sacred buildings

Secular buildings

  • Villa Amerika , New Town of Prague, (1717–1720)
  • Sylva-Taroucca-Palais, New Town of Prague (1743–1751, together with Anselmo Lurago )
  • Palais Goltz-Kinsky on the Old Town Square (1755–1765 based on designs by KI Dientzenhofer, built by Anselmo Lurago )

In Bohemia

  • Břevnov monastery area:
    • Břevnov Abbey :
      • Garden pavilion over the source of the Vojtěška (1724–1726)
      • Reconstruction of the monastery, at the same time installation of an infirmary with a chapel (1738–1739)
      • Design for a glass house in the monastery garden (1737–1738)
    • Sloupno : reconstruction of the castle (1748)
    • Hrdly : Reconstruction of the administration building and construction of a chapel with a flat vestibule and a presbytery (1746–1747)
    • Potschapl on the Elbe : St. Adalbert Church (1724–1726)
  • Braunau monastery area:
    • Braunau Abbey : Baroque treatment of the monastery buildings (1727–1735)
    • Ruppersdorf : Church of St. James the Elder (1720–1723), based on his father's plans
    • Hermsdorf : Church of All Saints (1723)
    • Meadows : St. Anna Church (1725–1727)
    • Johannesberg : Church of St. John the Baptist (1725)
    • Ottendorf : St. Barbara Church (1725–1726)
    • Schönau : Church of St. Margarethe (1726-1730)
    • Weckersdorf : Chapel of the Virgin Mary on the ridge of the Sterngebirge "Hvězda" (1732–1733)
    • Barzdorf : Church of St. Maria Magdalena (completed after 1733)
    • Halbstadt : Castle (1749)
  • Politzer monastery area:
    • Politz : Baroque treatment of the entrance to the monastery church
    • Evil : Church of St. Prokop (1724–1727)

In Silesia

  • Wahlstatt : Benedictine monastery complex and monastery church (1723–1738)

In Hungary

literature

Web links

Commons : Kilián Ignác Dientzenhofer  - collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Dientzenhofer, Kilian Ignaz
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Dienzenhofer, Kilian Ignaz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Builder of the Bohemian Baroque
DATE OF BIRTH September 1, 1689
PLACE OF BIRTH Prague
DATE OF DEATH December 18, 1751
Place of death Prague