List of heads of state 868

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Africa

• Egypt
  • Ruler : Ahmad ibn Tulun (868–884)
• Aghlabids
  • Emir : Abu l-Gharaniq Muhammad II (863-875)
• Idrisids in Morocco
  • Imam : Ali II. Ibn Umar (866 – ca. 885)
• Rustamids
  • Imam : Aflah ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab (824-872)

Asia

• Bagan
  • King : Pyinbya (846–878)

• Champa
  • King : Indravarman II (854–898)

• China
  • Emperor : Tang Yizong (859–873)

• India
  • Eastern Chalukya
    • King : Vijayaditya III. (849-892)
  • Chola
    • King : Vijayalaya (848-881)
  • Pala
    • King : Narayanapala (854–908)
  • Pallava
    • King : Nirupathungan (850–882)
  • Pandya
    • King : Varagunavarman II (862–880)
  • Pratihara
    • King : Samrat Mihir Bhoja Mahan (836-885)
  • Rashtrakuta
    • King : Amoghavarsha I (814–878)

• Iran
  • Saffarids
    • Ruler : Abu Jusuf Jaqub (861–879)

• Japan
  • Emperor : Seiwa (858–876)

• Khmer
  • King : Jayavarman III. (850–877)

• Korea
  • Balhae
    • King : Sunjong Ahn (858–871)
  • Silla
    • King : Gyeongmun (861–875)

• Caliphate of the Muslims
  • Caliph : al-Mu'tazz bi-'llāh (866–869)

• Mataram
  • King : Kayuwangi (850–898)

• Nanzhao
  • King : Meng Shilong (859–877)

• Tao-Klardschetien
  • Kuropalat : Bagrat I. (830–876)

Europe

• Bulgaria
  • Khan : Boris I (852-889)

• Byzantine Empire
  • Emperor : Basil I (867-886)

• England ( heptarchy )
  • East Anglia
    • King : Edmund of East Anglia (855–869)
  • Mercia
    • King : Burgred (852–874)
  • Northumbria
    • King : Ecgberht I (867–872)
  • Wessex
    • King : Æthelred (865–871)

• West Franconia
  • Emperor : Charles the Bald (843–877)
  • Maine
    • Count : Gauzfried (865-886)
  • Toulouse county
    • Count : Bernhard II. (864–872)

• Eastern Franconia
  • King : Ludwig the German (843–876)
  • Flanders
    • Count : Baldwin I (863–879)
  • Saxony
    • Duke : Brun (866-880)

• Italy
  • Papal States
    • Pope : Hadrian II (867–872)
  • Naples
    • Duke : Gregorius I (864 / 865–870)
  • Salerno
    • Prince : Waifar (861–880)
  • Tuscany
    • Duke : Adalbert I (846-884)
  • Venice
    • Doge of Venice : Orso I. Particiaco (864–881)

• Lotharii Regnum
  • King : Lothar II (855–869)

• Kievan Rus
  • Grand Duke : Rjurik (862–879)

• Moravian Empire
  • Prince: Rastislav (846–870)

• Raszien
  • Großžupan : Mutimir (860–890)

• Scotland
  • Kingdom of Scotland
    • King : Constantine I (863–877)
  • Strathclyde
    • King : Artgal (approx. 840–872)

• Spain
  • Asturias
    • King : Alfonso III. (866-910)
  • Barcelona county
    • Count : Bernhard von Gothien (865–878)
  • Emirate of Cordoba
    • Emir: Muhammad I (852-886)
  • Navarre
    • King : García Íñiguez (852–882)

• Wales
  • Gwynedd and Powys
    • Prince : Rhodri the Great (854–878)