List of stumbling blocks in the province of Parma

Stumbling blocks in Parma

The list of the stumbling blocks in the province of Parma contains the stumbling blocks in the Italian province of Parma , reminiscent of the fate of the people of this province, by Nazis murdered, deported, expelled or have been driven to suicide. The stumbling blocks were laid by Gunter Demnig . As a rule, they are moved before the victim's last self-chosen place of residence. Its name is in Italian: Pietre d'inciampo .

The first relocations in this province took place on January 16, 2017 in the provincial capital Parma .

background

In 1936 the city of Parma had 109,365 inhabitants. The Jewish community, which had been there since the 14th century, consisted of 134 people in 1938. This was the result of the Jewish card index drawn up on the basis of the Italian race laws introduced that year . When the German National Socialists took power in central and northern Italy in September 1943, the Jews had to fear for their lives. Many were able to flee or hide. Based on the information available, the number of Jewish victims from Parma is estimated at 22 to 24 people, including six children between the ages of 2 and 12.

The Italian resistance fighters in the province suffered heavy losses. Due to the merits of the population in the fight against the German occupation, Parma was awarded the Medaglia d'Oro al Valor Militare , the Italian medal for bravery, in 1947 . For example, on August 19, 1944, the three prison guards Gennaro Capuano, Enrico Marchesano and Giuseppe Patrone, who had joined the resistance, were shot dead in the courtyard of the prison by the German occupiers. Between June 30 and July 7, 1944, a large number of partisans from Parma were killed or deported to Germany for forced labor as part of the so-called Wallenstein Company .

In addition, a number of men from Parma were among the victims of the massacres in Kefalonia and Corfu.

The table is partially sortable; the basic sorting is done alphabetically according to the family name.

Stumbling blocks

Stumbling block	translation	Location	Name, life
	GIUSEPPE BARBIERI GEB. LIVED HERE 1897 ARRIVED 11/04/1944 DEPORTED GUSEN MURDERED 03/25/1945	Viale delle Rimembranze, 36	Giuseppe Barbieri was born in 1897. He had at least one son, Sergio (see below). On November 4, 1944, father and son were arrested. They were first deported to Mauthausen concentration camp and then to Gusen concentration camp . Both were murdered there in March 1945 by the Nazi regime, Giuseppe Barbieri on March 25, his son three days later on March 28.
	SERGIO BARBIERI GEB. LIVED HERE. 1926 ARRESTED 11/04/1944 DEPORTED GUSEN MURDERED 03/28/1945	Viale delle Rimembranze, 36	Sergio Barbieri was born in the 1920s. His father was Giuseppe Barbieri (see above). On November 4, 1944, Sergio and his father were arrested. They were first deported to Mauthausen concentration camp and then to Gusen concentration camp . Both were murdered there in March 1945 by the Nazi regime, his father on March 25, and Sergio Barbieri three days later on March 28, 1945.
	HERE LIVED GIULIA BIANCHINI MARRIED FANO GEB. ARRESTED DEPORTED IN 1866 MURDERED BOLZANO	Strada del Quartiere, 9	Giulia Bianchini was born in Ferrara on May 20, 1866 . Her parents were Samuele Bianchini and Rosina Tedeschi. She had a sister - Livia. Giulia Bianchini was married to Enrico Fano. The couple had two children: Ermanno (born 1903) and Alba Fausta (born 1905). Giulia Bianchini was arrested - along with her husband, her two children and the grandchildren (see below) - and lost her life on February 9, 1945 in the Bolzano transit camp . Her sister Livia did not survive the Shoah either. She died in Milan on November 30, 1944.
	HERE LIVED EMILIA CAMERINI MARRIED DELLA PERGOLA GEB. 1895 ARRESTED 12/10/1943 DEPORTED AUSCHWITZ MURDERED 05/23/1944	Via Torelli, 10	Emilia Camerini was born on July 15, 1895 in Pitigliano . Her parents were Donato Camerini and Orsola Amar. She had four brothers and four sisters. She was married to Rabbi Enrico Della Pergola, with whom she had two sons: Donato (born 1932) and Cesare Davide (born 1935). Emilia Camerini was arrested on December 10, 1943 along with her sons and sister Ulda Camerini in Reno di Tizzano . The four had tried to hide in the mountains. They were detained in a camp in Monticelli and then deported to the Fossoli transit camp . From here they were deported to Auschwitz on April 5, 1944 with Transport 9. The transport arrived at Auschwitz on April 10, 1944. Emilia Camerini was murdered in Auschwitz on May 23, 1944. Enrico Della Pergola managed to escape to Switzerland. He became Vice Rabiner in Turin in 1947, where he died in 1969. Both sons and sister Ulda Camerini were murdered on April 10, 1944, on the day they arrived in Auschwitz.
	HERE LIVED Ulda CAMERINI GEB. 1906 ARRESTED 12/10/1943 DEPORTED AUSCHWITZ MURDERED	Via Duca Alessandro, 60	Ulda Camerini was born in Parma on June 20, 1906. Her parents were Donato Camerini and Orsola Amar. She had four brothers and four sisters. Ulda Camerini was arrested on December 10, 1943 together with her sister Emilia Camerini (see above) and their sons in Reno di Tizzano . The four had tried to hide in the mountains. They were initially detained in a camp in Monticelli and then deported to the Fossoli transit camp. From here they were deported to Auschwitz on April 5, 1944 with Transport 9. The transport arrived at Auschwitz on April 10, 1944. Ulda Camerini was murdered on the day of her arrival in Auschwitz on April 10, 1944. Her two nephews and her sister Emilia, who were deported from Fossoli on the same day, did not survive Auschwitz either.
	HERE LIVED CESARE DELLA PERGOLA GEB. 1935 ARRESTED 12/10/1943 DEPORTED AUSCHWITZ MURDERED 04/10/1944	Via Torelli, 10	Cesare Davide Della Pergola was born in Parma on January 19, 1935, his parents were Rabbi Enrico Della Pergola and Emilia Lea Camerini (see above). He had an older brother, Donato, born in 1932. On December 10, 1943, he and his brother, mother and aunt Ulda Camieri were arrested in Reno di Tizzano , where they were hiding. They were first taken to a camp in Monticelli and then imprisoned in the Fossoli transit camp . From here Cesare Della Pergola was deported together with his brother, mother and aunt on April 5, 1944 with Transport 9 to Auschwitz. The transport arrived in Auschwitz after five days. Cesare Davide Della Pergola was murdered together with his aunt and brother on the day of arrival in Auschwitz on April 10, 1944. His mother was later also murdered in Auschwitz.
	HERE LIVED DONATO DELLA PERGOLA GEB. 1932 ARRESTED 12/10/1943 DEPORTED AUSCHWITZ MURDERED 04/10/1944	Via Torelli, 10	Donato Della Pergola was born in Parma on March 30, 1932. His parents were Rabbi Enrico Della Pergola and Emilia Lea Camerini (see above). He had a younger brother, Cesare, born in 1935 (see above). On December 10, 1943, he was arrested with his brother, mother and aunt Ulda Camieri in their hiding place in the mountains, in Reno di Tizzano . They were initially detained in a camp in Monticelli and then deported to the Fossoli transit camp. From here they were deported to Auschwitz on April 5, 1944 with Transport 9. The transport arrived at Auschwitz on April 10, 1944. Donato Della Pergola was murdered on the day of his arrival in Auschwitz on April 10, 1944, along with his aunt and brother. A short time later, his mother was also murdered in Auschwitz.
	ALBA FANO GEB. LIVED HERE 1905 ARRESTED December 8, 1943 DEPORTED AUSCHWITZ MURDERED	Strada del Quartiere, 9	Alba Fausta Fano was born in Soragna on December 23, 1905 . Her parents were Enrico Fano (see below) and Giulia Bianchini (see above). She had an older brother - Ermanno Fano, born in 1903 (see below). With the exception of 1,700 lire, all of Alba Fano's assets were confiscated by the National Socialists after the racial laws came into force . On December 8, 1943, she was arrested together with her brother and his family in Parma (according to other sources, the arrest took place on December 7, 1943). After the arrest, she was first taken to a camp in Monticelli and later to the Fossoli transit camp . From here she - together with other Jews from Parma - was deported to Auschwitz on April 5, 1944 with Transport 9. The transport arrived at Auschwitz on April 10, 1944. Here the trail of Alba Fausta Fano is lost. Her brother and his family were also murdered in Auschwitz, and their parents did not survive the Shoah either.
	ENRICO FANO GEB. LIVED HERE ARRIVED 1863 PARMA PRISON MURDERED 1/25/1945	Strada del Quartiere, 9	Enrico Fano was born in Soragna on January 15, 1863 . His parents were Bonaiuto Fano and Enrichetta Tedeschi. He had a brother - Alessandro Fano (born 1870). Enrico Fano was married to Giulia Bianchini (see above). The couple had two children: Ermanno (born 1903) and Alba Fausta (born 1905). Enrico Fano and his wife lived in Parma. In 1938 his son and his family moved into his parents' house. Enrico Fano was arrested in Parma on August 2, 1944. His children were arrested and deported months earlier. Enrico Fano died in custody in Parma on January 25, 1945. His wife died in the Bolzano transit camp , both children, the grandchildren and his brother Alessandro were murdered in Auschwitz.
	ERMANNO FANO GEB. LIVED HERE 1903 ARRESTED December 8, 1943 DEPORTED AUSCHWITZ MURDERED	Strada del Quartiere, 9	Ermanno Fano was born on March 26, 1903 in Soragna . His parents were Enrico Fano (see above) and Giulia Bianchini (see above). He had a sister - Alba Fausta Fano, born in 1905 (see above). Ermanno Fano had a doctorate in chemistry and worked as a pharmacist in Pellegrino Parmense from 1931. He was married to Giorgina Padova. Until the professional ban in 1938, he lived with her and their children Luciano (born 1932) and Liliana (born 1934) in Pellegrino Parmense . In 1938 the race laws came into force and with it the professional ban for Ermanno Fano. As a result, he moved with his family to his parents in Parma. There he worked as an employee in a pharmacy. In 1942, their third child, Robert, was born there. He and his family were arrested on December 8, 1943 (another source cites December 7, 1943) and the family is separated. Ermanno Fano was imprisoned in the fortress of Scipione Castello , his wife and children were placed in a camp in Monticelli. He was deported from Scipione Castello to the Fossoli transit camp, where he met his family again. Together with his wife and children, he was deported to Auschwitz on April 5, 1944 on Transport 9. The transport arrived there on April 10, 1944. Here the trace of Ermanno Fano is lost.
	LILIANA FANO GEB. LIVED HERE 1934 ARRESTED December 8, 1943 DEPORTED AUSCHWITZ MURDERED April 10, 1944	Strada del Quartiere, 9	Liliana Fano was born on February 25, 1934 in Pellegrino Parmense . Her parents were Ermanno Fano and Giorgina Padova. She had two brothers: Luciano (born 1932) and Roberto (born 1942). She lived with her parents in her native town until 1938, when they moved to Parma to live with their grandparents Enrico Fano and Giulia Bianchini. She was arrested on December 8, 1943, along with her parents and brothers (another source cites December 7, 1943). The family was separated, Lilianna Fano, her mother and her brothers were placed in a camp in Monticelli, father Ermanno Fano was detained in Scipione Castello. From Monticelli they came to the Fossoli transit camp, where they met their father again. On April 5, 1944, the entire family was deported to Auschwitz on Transport 9. On April 10, 1944, the transport arrived at the Auschwitz extermination camp. Lilianna Fano was murdered immediately upon arrival.
	HERE LIVED LUCIANO FANO GEB. 1932 ARRESTED December 8, 1943 DEPORTED AUSCHWITZ MURDERED April 10, 1944	Strada del Quartiere, 9	Luciano Fano was born on February 16, 1932 in Pellegrino Parmense. His parents were Ermanno Fano and Giorgina Padova. He had a sister, Liliana (born 1934) and a brother, Roberto (born 1942). He lived with his parents in his hometown until 1938, then they moved to Parma to live with his grandparents Enrico Fano and Giulia Bianchini. Here Luciano Fano visited the private institute De La Salle , because due to the racial laws he was no longer able to attend a public school. On December 8, 1943, he was arrested along with his parents and siblings (according to another source on December 7, 1943). The family was separated, Lusiano Fano, his mother and siblings were placed in a camp in Monticelli, and the father Ermanno Fano was detained in Scipione Castello. They came from Monticelli to the Fossoli transit camp, where they met their father again. On April 5, 1944, the entire family was deported to Auschwitz on Transport 9. The transport arrived there on April 10, 1944. Lusiano Fano - like his siblings - was murdered immediately after arriving in Auschwitz.
	ROBERTO FANO GEB. LIVED HERE 1942 ARRESTED December 8, 1943 DEPORTED AUSCHWITZ MURDERED April 10, 1944	Strada del Quartiere, 9	Roberto Fano was born in Parma on September 27, 1942. His parents were Ermanno Fano and Giorgina Padova. He had a sister, Liliana (born 1934) and a brother, Luciano (born 1936). He lived with his family in their grandparents' house. On December 8, 1943, 5-month-old Roberto Fano was arrested along with his parents and siblings (another source cites December 7, 1943). The family was separated. Roberto Fano, his mother and siblings were taken to a camp in Monticelli, while father Ermanno Fano was imprisoned in Scipione Castello. From Monticelli they came to the Fossoli transit camp, where they met his father again. On April 5, 1944, the entire family was deported to Auschwitz on Transport 9. The transport arrived there on April 10, 1944. Roberto Fano and his family did not survive the Shoah.
	HERE WAS WORKING GIORGIO Nullo Foa GEB. 1919 ARRESTED 09/29/1943 DEPORTED AUSCHWITZ MURDERED 04/02/1944	Piazza Garibaldi, 1st floor	Giorgio Nullo Foà was born on March 27, 1919 in Parma. His parents were Enea Foà and Doralice Muggia. He was arrested on September 29, 1943 in Parma in the seed shop where he worked because of his Jewish origins. He was imprisoned in San Vittore prison in Milan and on December 6, 1943 was deported to Auschwitz on Transport 5. The transport arrived in Auschwitz on December 11, 1943, Nullo Foà was given the number 167991. Giorgio Nullo Foà died on February 4, 1944 in Auschwitz. The inscription of Giorgio Nullo Foá's name on the memorial at Milan Central Station reminds of the deportation to Auschwitz. His mother Doralice Muggia did not survive the Shoah either, she died during the deportation.
	HERE LIVED FORTUNATA LEVI GEB. 1869 ARRESTED July 21, 1944 DEPORTED AUSCHWITZ MURDERED August 6, 1944	Via Bixio, 116	Fortunata Levi was born in Busseto on April 27, 1869 . She was the daughter of Davide Levi. She had five siblings: Libera (born 1863), Eleonora (born 1884), Annetta (born 1888), Vittoria (born 1889) and Carlo (born 1895). Fortunata Levi was arrested in Parma in July 1944, along with her sister Libera. She was deported to the Fossoli transit camp and from there on August 2, 1944, on Transport 14 to Auschwitz. The transport arrived in Auschwitz on August 6th. Fortunata Levi and her sister were murdered the day they arrived. Her half-sister Eleonora, who lived in Turin , was arrested in 1944 and murdered in Auschwitz on April 10, 1944, and her son Cesare Tedeschi also died in Auschwitz in 1945. Her half-sister Annetta, who lived in Saluzzo , was arrested in 1943 and deported to Auschwitz in 1944; she did not survive the Shoah either. Her half-sister Vittoria, who lived on Rhodes , was arrested in 1944 together with her three children and two grandchildren and deported to Auschwitz. None of them survived. Half-brother Carlo, who lived in Venice, was arrested in 1944 and did not survive imprisonment either.
	HERE LIVED LIBERATION LEVI GEB. 1863 ARRESTED July 21, 1944 DEPORTED AUSCHWITZ MURDERED August 6, 1944	Via Bixio, 116	Libera Levi was born in Busseto on January 3, 1863. She was the daughter of Davide Levi. She had several siblings: Fortunata (born 1869), Eleonora (born 1884), Annetta (born 1888), Vittoria (born 1889) and Carlo (born 1895). Libera Levi was arrested with her sister Fortunata in Parma in July 1944. She was taken to the Fossoli transit camp . On August 2, 1944, she and her sister Fortunata were deported to Auschwitz on Transport 14. Libera Levi and her sister were murdered on the day they arrived in Auschwitz.
	RENZO MOSÈ LEVI GEB. LIVED HERE 1887 ARRESTED 27.9.1943 DEPORTED MAUTHAUSEN MURDERED 20.3.1945	Via Felice Cavallotti, 30	Renzo Mosè Levi was born on February 3, 1887 in Soragna . His parents were Abramo Levi and Giulia Bosch. He was married to Elena Foà. The couple had two sons: Bruno and Fausto. Renzo Levi was advised to leave the country, but he felt safe. On September 27, 1943 he was arrested in Soragno, was taken to a prison in Parma, and from there to Scipione Castello. From there he was deported to the Fossoli transit camp and finally deported to Auschwitz on April 5, 1944 with Transport 9. He was transferred to Mauthausen, where Renzo Mosè Levi was murdered on March 20, 1945 in a gas chamber. His son Bruno died in Israel, his son Fausto was president of the Jewish community in Parma and founded the Museo Ebraico Fausto Levi here .
	HERE LIVED IDA MUSSINI MARRIED POLIZZI GEB. 1906 ARRESTED 31.7.1944 DEPORTED RAVENSBRUECK FLOSSENBUERG RELEASED	Vicolo Santa Maria, 6	Ida Mussini was born on January 1, 1906. In 1924, against the resistance of her family, she married Secondo (also called Ernesto) Polizzi, a carpenter. The couple had three children, Laura Polizzi (born 1924), Primo Polizzi (born 1925) and Lina Polizzi (born 1926). The Polizzi family organized the resistance struggle in Parma, and many resistance fighters met in the family home. In 1944 Ida Mussini was arrested along with her husband and daughter Lina and other resistance fighters. Ida Mussini, like her husband and daughter, was tortured and interrogated while in custody. In the end, she and her daughter were deported to the Ravensbrück concentration camp , and Ida Mussini then to the Flossenbürg concentration camp . Here she was given prisoner number 65526. Ida Mussini was freed and returned to Parma. She died on October 15, 1964. Her daughter Laura joined the resistance and also survived. She was the only family member who was not deported to a concentration camp. Her other children, who also took part in the resistance struggle, also survived the concentration camps. Her husband Secondo Polizzi was murdered in the concentration camp (see below).
	GIORGINA PADOVA LIVED HERE, MARRIED FANO GEB. 1905 ARRESTED December 8, 1943 DEPORTED AUSCHWITZ MURDERED	Strada del Quartiere, 9	Giorgina Padova was born in Firenze on September 29, 1905 . Her parents were Angelo Padova and Ida Lopez. She was married to Ermanno Fano (see above). The couple had three children: Luciano (born 1932), Liliana (born 1934) and Roberto (born 1934). The family lived in Pellegrino Parmense until 1938. After her husband was banned from working, she moved with her husband and their children to live with their in-laws in Parma. She was arrested on December 8, 1943, along with her children and husband (another source cites December 7, 1943). The family was separated, Giorgina Padova and her children were placed in a camp in Monticelli, and husband Ermanno Fano was detained in Scipione Castello. From Monticelli they came to the Fossoli transit camp, where they met Ermanno Fano again. On April 5, 1944, the entire family was deported to Auschwitz on Transport 9. The transport arrived there on April 10, 1944. Giorgina Padova and her family did not survive the Shoah.
	LINA POLIZZI GEB. LIVED HERE 1926 ARRESTED 7/31/1944 DEPORTED RAVENSBRUECK RELEASED	Vicolo Santa Maria, 6	Lina Polizzi was born in Parma in 1926. Her parents were Secondo (also called Ernesto) Polizzi and Ida Mussini. She had two siblings: Laura (born 1924) and Primo (born 1925). The Polizzi family organized the resistance struggle in Parma, and many resistance fighters met in the family home. Lina and her siblings joined the armed resistance struggle against the Nazi regime. Lina Polizzi belonged to the XII. Brigata Garibaldi. Together with her uncle Luigi Porcari, who also actively participated in the resistance struggle, she was arrested in early 1944. She was sent to the San Francesco Prison in Parma for a month. After her release, she participated in resistance activities again. On July 31, 1944, she was arrested along with her parents and other resistance fighters. She and her mother were deported to Ravensbrück in September 1944. Lina Polizzi was imprisoned there in Block 17. After the liberation by the Red Army , she was admitted to a hospital in Lübeck due to health problems. In mid-September 1945 she returned to Parma. Here she died in 1984. Her siblings and her mother also survived, her father was murdered in Mauthausen.
	PRIMO POLIZZI GEB. LIVED HERE 1925 ARRESTED 4/11/1944 DEPORTED MAUTHAUSEN RELEASED GUSEN	Vicolo Santa Maria, 6	Primo Polizzi Primo (also Manetto), Polizzi was born on December 1, 1925 in Parma. His Primo parents were Secondo (also called Ernesto) Polizzi and Ida Mussini. He had two siblings: Laura (born 1924) and Lina (born 1926). The Polizzi family organized the resistance struggle in Parma. Like his siblings, Primo Polizzi joined the armed resistance struggle against the Nazi regime. Primo Polizzi was arrested on November 4, 1944. He was tortured in prison. On February 1, 1945 he was deported from Bozen to Mauthausen. In Bolzano he had stated that he was a carpenter, hoping to end up in the same camp as his father. He was given the number 126362 in Mauthausen and had to do forced labor in a granite quarry. He came to Gusen on a death march, where he was used to build Messerschmitt aircraft. In May 1945 he was liberated from Gusen concentration camp. He returned to Parma on June 29, 1945. In 1947 he met Angiolina, who would later become his wife. Primo Polizzi died in Parma on November 30, 2000. His sisters and mother also survived, and his father was murdered in Mauthausen.
	HERE LIVED SECONDO POLIZZI CALLED ERNESTO BORN 1898 ARRESTED July 31, 1944 DEPORTED MAUTHAUSEN MURDERED April 22, 1945	Vicolo Santa Maria, 6	Secondo Polizzi (also Ernesto) was born in Fidenza in 1898 . He was a carpenter. As early as the 1920s, he actively fought against Mussolini . In 1924 he married Ida Mussini. The couple had three children, Laura (born 1924), Primo (born 1925) and Lina (born 1926). The Polizzi family organized the resistance struggle in Parma. In 1944 Secondo Polizzi was arrested along with his wife and daughter Lina and other resistance fighters. Secondo Polizzi was tortured while in detention. He was given the opportunity to escape, which he did not take because he did not want to leave his family behind. He was deported to Mauthausen. There, according to witnesses, he very often gave his food rations to younger inmates. Shortly before the camp was liberated, on April 22, 1945, Secondo Polizzi died. His wife and children survived.

Laying data

The stumbling blocks in the province of Parma were laid by Gunter Demnig personally on the following days:

• January 16, 2017: strada del Quartiere 9; v. Bixio 116; v. Torelli 10; vicolo Santa Maria 6
• January 13, 2018: p. Garibaldi 1; v. Cavallotti 30; v. delle Rimembranze 36; v. Duca Alessandro 60

Web links

Commons : Stumbling Blocks in Parma  - Collection of Images

• 12tvparma: 5 Pietre d'Inciampo per Ricordare i Deportati Parmigiani, video on the laying of stumbling blocks in Parma (in Italian) (5 stumbling blocks in memory of the deportees from Parma) accessed on June 12, 2018
• stolpersteine.eu , Demnig's website

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Memorial Sites Europe 1939–1945: Parma , accessed on March 18, 2018
2. ↑ Pietre della memoria: 4029 - Monumento ai Caduti di Cefalonia e Corfù - Parma , accessed on July 5, 2018
3. ↑ ADE SpA (servizi cimiteriali): Monumento ai Martiri di Cefalonia , accessed on July 5, 2018
4. ^ Giuseppe Barbieri (entry 238) , Deportations to Mauthausen, accessed on July 5, 2018
5. ↑ ^{a b} R.it: Parma, posate le pietre della memoria , January 15, 2018, accessed June 11, 2018.
6. ↑ Sergio Barbieri (entry 242) , Deportations to Mauthausen, accessed on July 5, 2018
7. ^ I nomi della Shoah: Giulia Bianchini , accessed June 12, 2018
8. ↑ digital-library.cdec.it: Livia Bianchi , accessed on June 12, 2018
9. ↑ ^{a b c d} resistenza.it: Pergola family with photos of Emilia Camerini and their two sons, accessed on June 14, 2016
10. ↑ digital-library.cdec.it: Emilia Camerini , accessed on June 14, 2016
11. ↑ Enrico Della Pergola on Rabbini.it, accessed June 14, 2016
12. ↑ ^{a b} digital-library.cdec.it: Donato Della Pergola , accessed on June 14, 2016, with a photo by Donato Della Pergola
13. ↑ ^{a b} digital-library.cdec.it: Cesare Davide Pergola , accessed on June 14, 2016
14. ↑ ^{a b} digital-library.cdec.it: Ulda Camerini , accessed on June 14, 2016
15. ↑ digital-library.cdec.it: Photo by Cesare Davide Della Pergola , accessed on June 18, 2018.
16. ↑ "THE confiscation OF JEWISH PROPERTY IN PARMA, 1943-1945" , accessed on June 19, 2018
17. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} resistenza.it: Fano family , accessed on June 19, 2018
18. ↑ digital-library.cdec.it: Alba Fausta Fano , accessed on June 19, 2018
19. ^ I nomi della Shoah: Enrico Fano , accessed June 12, 2018
20. ↑ digital-library.cdec.it: Enrico Fano , accessed on June 20, 2018
21. ↑ digital-library.cdec.it: Alessandro Fano , accessed on June 20, 2018
22. ↑ digital-library.cdec.it: Ermanno Fano , accessed on June 12, 2018
23. ↑ Giorgio no longer came to class , accessed on July 16, 2018
24. ↑ digital-library.cdec.it: Liliana Fano , accessed on June 12
25. ↑ digital-library.cdec.it: Luciano Fano , accessed on June 12, 2018
26. ↑ digital-library.cdec.it: Roberto Fano , accessed on June 12, 2018
27. ↑ resistenzamappa.it: Achille Bonelli's seed business , accessed on July 21, 2017
28. ↑ digital-library.cdec.it: Giorgio Nullo Foà , accessed on June 27, 2018
29. ^ The Wall of Names , accessed July 21, 2017
30. ↑ digital-library.cdec.it: Doralice Muggia , accessed on June 27, 2018
31. ↑ ^{a b} digital-library.cdec.it: Fortunata Levi , accessed on June 27, 2018
32. ↑ ^{a b} digital-library.cdec.it: Libera Levi , accessed on June 27, 2018
33. ↑ digital-library.cdec.it: Eleonora Levi , accessed on June 27, 2018
34. ↑ digital-library.cdec.it: Cesare Tedeschi , accessed on June 27, 2018
35. ↑ digital-library.cdec.it: Annetta Levi , accessed on June 27, 2018
36. ↑ digital-library.cdec.it: Vittoria Levi , accessed on June 27, 2018
37. ↑ digital-library.cdec.it: Carlo Levi , accessed on June 27, 2018
38. ↑ digital-library.cdec.it: Renzo Mosè Levi , accessed on June 28, 2018
39. ↑ ^{a b} Gazetta di Parma: La storia di Mosè Renzo Levi, vittima soragnese dell'Olocausto January 22, 2013, accessed on July 21, 2018
40. ^ Concentration Camp Flossenburg Inmate Entry Registers: Ida Polizzi , accessed on July 21, 2018
41. ^ Gravestone of Ida Mussini , accessed June 30, 2018
42. ↑ Gazetta di Parma.it: Sant'Ilario: i curriculum dei premiati , accessed on June 30, 2018
43. ↑ resistenzamappe.it: Casa Polizzi , accessed June 30, 2018
44. ^ La repubblica.it .: The Polizzi family , accessed on June 30, 2018
45. ↑ digital-library.cdec.it: Giorgina Padova , accessed on June 12, 2018
46. ^ Salvini: Ada e le altre. Donne cattoliche tra fascismo e democrazia, FrancoAngeli, 2013, Milan, p. 126
47. ^ Lina Polizzi on September 8, 1943 (Italian), accessed on July 1, 2018
48. ↑ PRIMO POLIZZI, IL PRIGIONIERO CHE CANTA , accessed July 3, 2018 (Italian)
49. ↑ PRIMO POLIZZI, IL PRIGIONIERO CHE CANTA, p. 31
50. ↑ PRIMO POLIZZI, IL PRIGIONIERO CHE CANTA, p. 38
51. ↑ Comune di Parma: “Pietre d'inciampo”, un progetto per ricordare , accessed on March 19, 2018
52. ↑ Gazzetta di Parma : source pietre davanti alle case chi fu deportato , January 17, 2017 (with a picture of Demnig during a transfer), accessed on March 19, 2018
53. ↑ parmapress24.it: 13 gennaio: l'artista Demnig posa le “Pietre d'inciampo” della memoria in piazza Garibaldi , January 11th, 2018 (January 13th: the artist Demnig relocated the "Stones of Stumbling" in memory of the Piazza Garibaldi ") accessed on June 12, 2018
54. ↑ parmapress24.it: “Pietre d'inciampo” per non dimenticare. Il progetto dell'artista inglese Gunter Demnig arriva Parma , January 13, 2018 ("Stumbling blocks" against oblivion. The project by the German artist Gunter Demnig is coming to Parma), accessed on July 5, 2018

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