Biasca

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Biasca
Coat of arms of Biasca
State : SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland
Canton : Canton of TicinoCanton of Ticino Ticino (TI)
District : Riviera districtw
Circle : Riviera district
BFS no. : 5281i1 f3 f4
Postal code : 6710
UN / LOCODE : CH BIA
Coordinates : 717 933  /  135 432 coordinates: 46 ° 21 '36 "  N , 8 ° 58' 16"  O ; CH1903:  717,933  /  135,432
Height : 301  m above sea level M.
Height range : 267–2954 m above sea level M.
Area : 59.09  km²
Residents: 6115 (December 31, 2018)
Population density : 103 inhabitants per km²
Proportion of foreigners :
(residents without
citizenship ) 		35.2
Mayor : Loris Galbusera (FDP)
Website: www.biasca.ch
View to the northwest towards the Leventina Valley

View to the northwest towards the Leventina Valley
Location of the municipality
Lago di Vogorno Bacino di Val Malvaglia Lago di Canee Lago de Buseno Kanton Graubünden Bezirk Bellinzona Bezirk Blenio Bezirk Leventina Bezirk Locarno Biasca Riviera TIMap of Biasca
About this picture
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Biasca (in Lombard local dialect [ 'bjaʃka] , Italian earlier Abiasca, German historical Abläntsch, Able sealed, Able Chen or Abläsch ) is a municipality in the district of Riviera , District Riviera , in the Swiss canton of Ticino .

Pronunciation of biasca
Aerial photo from 1931 from a height of 1110 meters by Walter Mittelholzer

geography

Biasca is located at 305 meters above sea level at the entrance to the Blenio Valley , 19 km north of Bellinzona , on the eastern bank of the Brenno and Ticino rivers , which meet here and flow south. The urban settlement zone stretches for four kilometers mainly from north to south and is densely and largely free-standing overbuilt.

In the north, a zone with numerous single-family houses adjoins the historic center. It extends to the landslide cone of the Buzza di Biasca (see: History). To the north there are sports fields, a gravel pit and a paved and drained embankment of rock from the SBB tunnel construction . In this zone, connected by a bridge, lies the associated settlement of Loderio. The 2172 m high Matro optically divides the Leventina from the Valle di Blenio . Biasca borders in the north on the localities of Semione and Malvaglia, which belong to the municipality of Serravalle, and on the municipality of Pollegio . Between Biasca and Malvaglia there is a protected meadow landscape , the Leggiuna.

To the east, the terrain rises steeply and is dominated by the 2329 m high Pizo Magn, whose chain rises to the 2956 m high Torent Alto. On a terrace between the two peaks lies the mountain lake Lago della Froda at 2089 m, which flows off in the Ri della Froda stream and feeds the three waterfalls of the Cascata di Santa Petronilla, opposite the Biasca train station . In the eastern extension of the municipality lies the Val Pontirone with the parish villages of Pontironetto, Pontirone, Fontana, Mazzorino, which have not been inhabited all year round since around 1950, as well as numerous smaller hamlets, most of which have been left to decay. An old mule trail leads over the 2118 m high pass Giümela the village Rossa in Calancatal in the canton of Grisons .

In the south of the historic town center, a residential and shopping area with numerous apartment buildings merges into the industrial zone, until the valley floor narrows along the Ticino, near Boscone, and the A2 motorway and the cantonal road take up almost the entire valley floor. The next bridge over the Ticino is only again located between the southern neighboring villages Osogna and Lodrino in the municipality of Riviera .

To the west, Biasca is bounded by the rivers Brenno and Ticino and by the course of the motorway and the railway line of the SBB. Viticulture is practiced along the Brenno. Bridges connect Biasca with Pollegio- Pasquerio and a forest and agricultural zone in Iragna , in the municipality of Riviera. Biasca owns the Moterell property here . The 2282 meter high Pizzo Ricuca rises above the neighboring village of Iragna. The side valleys of Val d'Ambra in the north and Val d'Iragna in the south open on its flanks.

history

At the time of the Roman Empire , people stayed in Biasca, as proven by coin finds from the time from Aurelian to Diocletian . The first written mentions received date from 1119 ("de Vallibus et Abiasca") and 1120 ("in loco et fundo Abiasca"). The church of San Pietro e Paolo dates from the 11th century. In 1213 it was first mentioned as the parish church for the Blenio Valley , the Leventina and the Ticino Valley . The church of San Giacomo e Filippo, which was documented in 1468, fell victim to a later natural disaster. From 948 to 1499 under the - in the end only nominal - rule of the Archdiocese of Milan , the actual administration of Biascas was probably transferred to the Orelli family from Locarno as early as the 12th century . Their rule lasted until the middle of the 14th century, when Biasca was incorporated into the Visconti area . Thereafter, the place was ceded together with the Blenio Valley to the Bolognese Pepoli family as a fief . In armed conflicts between the original Swiss cantons, the Visconti and allies of Francesco Sforzas , Uri succeeded in 1495 in gaining control of Biasca, which in 1500 was incorporated into the Bailiwick of the Riviera , based in Osogna . This was followed by a "protectorate" of the Uri, Schwyz and Nidwalden estates lasting around 300 years , which was maintained until the end of the Ancien Régime in 1798.

On September 30, 1513 (or 1512, the dates are controversial among historians), the Monte Crenone (now Pizzo Magn) in the Val Pontirone collapsed , probably as a result of an earthquake . According to the contemporary chronicle of Johannes Stumpf , 600 people died and 400 houses were destroyed. The Brenno , dammed by over 60 m high debris , then formed a lake almost 5 km long and more than 1200 m wide, with a water volume of 200 million m 3 , which flooded large parts of the villages of Malvaglia and Semione . The dam, created after the event known as Buzza di Biasca , broke in 1514 or 1515. The flood of water devastated the Ticino Valley as far as the Magadino plain and Lake Maggiore . The damage to the infrastructure continued for centuries. Leonardo da Vinci recorded the event in 1515 in the drawing Diluvio - the Flood (today in the Royal Library ). In 1629 140 people died of the plague in Biasca . Hunger and severe floods also regularly haunted the place.

Buzza di Biasca (rockslide of Biasca)
The Valle Pontirone in summer

As part of the upheavals that affected Switzerland as a whole after the French Revolution , Biasca came under the administration of the canton of Bellinzona for a short time in the Helvetic Republic and is now part of the canton of Ticino, which was newly founded in 1803. For centuries, Biasca, like the surrounding villages, was shaped by emigration. Until around 1870 the place consisted of only one settlement core at the foot of the church, today's Vecchio Borgo . In 1831 Biasca did not have a single school with around 1900 inhabitants and only 12 fathers jointly financed a tutor for their children, usually for their sons. Even if this should change with the Kulturkampf and emerging liberalism , the villages of the Valle Pontirone remained without a school until 1850. Child labor was commonplace. Correspondingly, of the 57 wedding couples who tied the knot in Biasca between 1856 and 1860, 40 women and 18 men signed the marriage contract with a cross.

In 1872 the Locarno – Biasca rail connection began operations, and in 1882 the Gotthard rail connection was opened. In 1911 the horse-drawn carriage service in the Blenio Valley was replaced by the Biasca-Acquarossa Railway . The workshops of this company, as well as numerous quarries in the area, the silkworm breeding and the Gotthard Railway at Biasca station earned hundreds of workers earnings. In the Valle Pontirone, on the now melted glacier of the 2956 m high Torent Alto, ice was broken and exported on behalf of the Società Anonima per l'Esportazione di Ghiaccio Naturale "La Cristallina" , founded in 1897 . The ice was transported by cable cars from the glacier near Büiòn at between 2000 and 2200 meters above sea level, via the forest clearing Bòva (1330 m), to the village of Pontirone (867 m) and from there down into the valley. 1905 replaced an underground channel to the 987 meter long aqueduct of 1835. In the most important Biasca was 1906-1921 marshalling yard of the SBB in Ticino, the later to Bellinzona was moved. At that time there was a strong immigration from Ticino and Italy. Between 1915 and 1961 there were 109 naturalizations by families and individuals from Italy. At the same time, the Valle Pontirone depopulated, where the school was closed in 1926. This led to the overbuilding of the previously agriculturally used valley floor.

In Biasca an atheist and anti - clerical working class emerged, which got involved in socialist , anarchist and trade union organizations. The catastrophic working conditions in the quarries were followed by the establishment of the first trade union in Ticino. Your newspaper Lo scalpellino (German: “The stone mason”) reached a large number of readers. Enrico Corti (1881-1920), who died a few months after his inauguration, was elected Biasca's first socialist (SP) mayor in 1920. Until 1952, Biasca was ruled on the left. Three communist volunteers from Biasca took part, on the side of the Second Spanish Republic , in the fight against right-wing and fascist putschists in the Spanish civil war , as a memorial plaque inaugurated in 1983 in Via al Torchio today commemorates. With this, Biasca stood in opposition to the more liberal congregations of the Tre Valli. Infrastructure funds from the canton of Ticino, which is also liberally or at times also Catholic-conservative dominated, often only sparingly flowed into the development of the local infrastructure. In 1980 Biasca still had the highest proportion of people with no religious affiliation in any municipality in Switzerland. As a demonstration of power by the Catholic Church, the neo-Romanesque church of San Carlo Borromeo, which still dominates the site today, was built from 1891 to 1905 according to plans by the Milanese architect Carlo Macciacchini .

population

Population development
year 1602 1833 1850 1860 1870 1880 1888 1900 1910 1920 1930 1941 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2017
Residents 397 1912 2035 1942 1904 2192 2093 2733 3299 3236 2772 2586 2882 3349 4696 5447 5673 5795 6080 6126

Mainly Italian and Lombard dialect are spoken. The population is predominantly Roman Catholic according to the Ambrosian rite .

There is a small Protestant-Reformed wooden church near the former railway workers' settlement at the train station. The church, built in 1885 on the initiative of the Waldensian pastor Paolo Calvino, was the first Protestant church in the canton of Ticino. Today it belongs to the Comunità evangelica riformata di Bellinzona e dintorni (CERB) .

economy

Way of the Cross above Biascas

In 2018, the primary sector (energy production, quarries, agriculture and forestry) had 35 companies, which corresponds to 6.6% of the local companies. 94 companies (17.7%) belong to the secondary sector (industry and trade). 402 companies (75.7%) in the tertiary sector (trade and services). The total of 531 local businesses employ 3,077 people, of whom 58.3% are men and 41.7% women. With a share of 80.8%, companies with no more than 4 employees predominate.

Agriculture has lost importance with the expansion of the settlement area and the traffic development and has largely withdrawn into the side valleys. Several farmers have switched to keeping small animals. In Val Pontirone above Biasca there are therefore most goats (960, as of 2017) in all municipalities in Switzerland. The largest power plant of the Blenio power plants is also located in the municipality . Several gneiss quarries, the products of which are popularly known as granite, offer additional jobs. The settlement of industrial companies is promoted by the cantons and some technology and pharmaceutical companies are now active in Biasca. The premises of the cantonal vocational school are directly adjacent to the industrial zone. As a service center in the Tre Valli region, Biasca has branches of various service and retail companies operating across Switzerland. Four overnight accommodation establishments also generate jobs to a modest extent. With the construction of the NEAT , the “SBB Region South Operations Center” was created in neighboring Pollegio .

traffic

The Biasca station was an important station on the Gotthard line . Today only regional trains stop in Biasca.

View of Biasca from the south-west

The Gotthard motorway A2 passes Biasca at exit 44.

The Autolinee Bleniesi SA operates bus connections from Biasca to the Blenio Valley and the Riviera .

Attractions

The townscapes of Biasca and the associated fraction Pontirone are classified in the inventory of protected sites in Switzerland (ISOS) as protected sites in Switzerland of national importance.

San Giovanni Battista in Pontirone

Biasca

  • Collegiate Church of San Pietro e Paolo , first mentioned at the beginning of the 12th century, restored 1955–1967 under the direction of Alberto Camenzind
  • Patrician house Casa Cavalier Pellanda from 1586
  • Rectory
  • Parish Church of San Carlo Borromeo from 1897
  • Oratory of Santa Petronilla from 1632
  • Water channels of the Acquedotto storico di Santa Petronilla
  • Forte Mondascia Infantry Museum
  • old stone bridge over the Brenno

Fontana

  • Oratory of San Rocco

Loderio

  • Oratorio Natività di Maria
  • Leggiuna nature reserve

Mazzorino

  • Oratory Madonna della Neve

Pontironetto (Sant'Anna)

  • Oratory of Sant'Anna

Pontirone

  • Church of San Giovanni Battista; the village was mentioned as Pontrono in the 14th century

Solgone

  • Oratory of San Luigi Gonzaga

photos

  • Parish Church of San Carlo Borromeo

  • Casa Cavalier Pellanda

  • Church of Santi Pietro and Paolo

  • Santa Petronilla Oratory

  • Oratorio Natività di Maria in Loderio

  • Biasca train station

politics

The legislature of the Biasca is the Consiglio Comunale ( municipal council ), consisting of 35 members. The composition as of 2016: 11 FDP , 11 CVP , 8 Abiasca (red-green citizen list), 5 Lega .

The executive is formed by the seven-member municipality . As of 2016, it is composed as follows: 3 FDP , 2 CVP , 1 Abiasca, 1 Lega . He is headed by Sindaco (mayor), Loris Galbusera (FDP).

The Patriziato di Biasca manages the common land with forest and alpine pastures. Of the approximately 5000 hectares, 2850 are forested. 1672 people were entitled to vote in the Consiglio Patriziale in 2018 .

Associations

  • Comitato Pro Restauri San Pietro di Biasca

Sports

Personalities

literature

  • Piero Bianconi (Ed.): Biasca. In: Inventario delle cose d'arte e di antichità. Le Tre Valli Superiori. Leventina, Blenio, Riviera. Grassi & Co., Bellinzona 1948, pp. 19, 27, (Pontirone) 30.
  • Christophe Bonnard: Buzza di Biasca. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . November 4, 2004 , accessed December 30, 2019 .
  • Giuseppe Chiesi: Biasca. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . May 18, 2004 , accessed December 30, 2019 .
  • Gotthard End: Biasca and Val Pontirone. A monograph from the Ticino mountains. Stämpfli, Bern 1924; Translated into Italian under the title Biasca e Val Pontirone verso il 1920 and ed. from Gruppo ricreativo Pontirone Biasca 1996.
  • Caterina Magginetti, Ottavio Lurati: Biasca e Pontirone. Gente, parlata, usanze. Krebs, Basel 1975.
  • Isidoro Marcionetti : L'antica pieve di Biasca. S. A. Natale Mazzuconi, Lugano 1979.
  • Simona Martinoli u. a .: Biasca. In: Guida d'arte della Svizzera italiana. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History . Edizioni Casagrande, Bellinzona 2007, pp. 70-75.
  • Celestino Trezzini : Biasca In: Historisch-Biographisches Lexikon der Schweiz , Volume 2: Basel - Egnach. Attinger, Neuchâtel 1924, pp. 222-223 ( digitized version ).

Web links

Commons : Biasca  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 .
  2. ↑ a b Lexicon of Swiss municipality names . Edited by the Center de Dialectologie at the University of Neuchâtel under the direction of Andres Kristol. Frauenfeld / Lausanne 2005, p. 151.
  3. ↑ Christian Schwick, Florian Spichtig: The waterfalls of Switzerland - The great hiking book . AT Verlag, Aarau and Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-03800-670-1 , p. 66 .
  4. ↑ Maps and geodata online. Federal Office of Topography swisstopo, Wabern near Bern, accessed on September 1, 2018 .
  5. ↑ a b Celestino Trezzini, in: Historisch-Biografisches Lexikon der Schweiz: Biasca . Ed .: Heinrich Türler et al. 2nd volume (Basel - Egnach). Paul Attinger Verlag, Neuchâtel 1921, p. 222 f .
  6. ^ A b Gisela Loose, Rainer Voigt: Tessin - Art and Landscape between Gotthard and Campagna Adorna . 4th edition. DuMont, Cologne 1992, ISBN 3-7701-1113-3 , pp. 69 .
  7. ↑ a b c d Luca Solari: Blenio: una valle a confronto . Salvioni arti grafiche, Bellinzona 1998, ISBN 88-7967-023-9 , p. 24 f., 174 .
  8. ↑ a b c Biasca. In: ISOS Inventario degli insediamenti svizzeri da proteggere. Ufficio federale della cultura (committente), 2008, accessed on August 31, 2018 (Italian).
  9. ^ A b Raffaello Ceschi: Ottocento Ticinese . 1st edition. Armando Dadò Editore, Locarno 1986, p. 103, 107, 108 .
  10. ↑ Marco Volken, Remo Kundert: Mountain hiking in Ticino . AT Verlag, Aarau and Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-03800-356-4 , p. 29 ff .
  11. ^ Family name book of Switzerland: Biasca. Historical Lexicons of Switzerland, Bern, accessed on August 18, 2018 .
  12. ^ Pontirone . In: Sibylle Heusser (Ed.): ISOS Inventario degli insediamenti svizzeri daproteggere . 2nd Edition. Ufficio federale della cultura (committente), Zurich April 2008, p. 1-8 .
  13. ↑ Find A Grave, maintained by Robert Savary (contributor 48881410, memorial no. 181925171): Enrico Corti. July 31, 2017, accessed August 18, 2018 .
  14. ↑ Cristina Del Biaggio, Jörn Harfst, In: GEA paesaggi territori geography: La memoria iscritta in un luogo, I monumenti ai volontari ticinesi nella guerra civile spagnola . No. 21 . GEA assoziacione di geografi, September 1, 2016, p. 3-12 .
  15. ^ Giuseppe Chiesi: Biasca. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . May 18, 2004 .
  16. ↑ a b Giuseppe Chiesi: Biasca. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . May 18, 2004 .
  17. ^ Giuseppe Chiesi: Biasca. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . May 18, 2004 .
  18. ↑ Hannes Maurer: Ticino valleys Ticino worlds - history and stories . Verlag NZZ, Zurich 2002, ISBN 3-85823-973-9 , p. 30 .
  19. ^ Chiesa Evangelica Riformata nel Ticino (CERT). Retrieved August 19, 2018 (Italian).
  20. ↑ a b Dati statistici del Comune di Biasca. Ufficio di statistica del Cantone Ticin0, 2018, accessed on September 1, 2018 (Italian).
  21. ↑ STAT-TAB - interactive tables (BFS). Retrieved August 22, 2018 .
  22. ↑ Jean-Pierre Baebi, et al .: Our world record Gotthard tunnel - figures, facts, history, people, tips for excursions . Weltbild Verlag, Olten 2016, ISBN 978-3-03812-655-3 , p. 35 .
  23. ↑ List of sites of national importance , directory on the website of the Federal Office of Culture (BAK), accessed on January 10, 2018.
  24. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Simona Martinoli u. a .: Guida d'arte della Svizzera italiana. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Edizioni Casagrande, Bellinzona 2007, ISBN 978-88-7713-482-0 , pp. 70-75.
  25. ^ Acquedotto storico S. Petronilla. Patriziato di Biasca, accessed September 2, 2018 (Italian).
  26. ↑ Decree di protezione della Legiuna
  27. ↑ Il programma della lista civica Abiasca. Retrieved August 19, 2018 (Italian).
  28. ↑ Storia e cultura. Patriziato di Biasca, accessed September 2, 2018 (Italian).
  29. ^ Comitato Pro Restauri San Pietro di Biasca
  30. ↑ Unione Sportiva Azzurri on football.ch/ftc/Club-FTC.aspx/