Malvaglia

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Malvaglia
Malvaglia coat of arms
State : SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland
Canton : Canton of TicinoCanton of Ticino Ticino (TI)
District : Blenio districtw
Circle : Malvaglia district
Municipality : Serravallei2
Postal code : 6713
former BFS no. : 5041
Coordinates : 718 662  /  140781 coordinates: 46 ° 24 '28 "  N , 8 ° 58' 55"  O ; CH1903:  seven hundred and eighteen thousand six hundred sixty-two  /  140781
Height : 369  m above sea level M.
Area : 80.3  km²
Residents: 1305 (December 31, 2011)
Population density : 16 inhabitants per km²
Website: www.malvaglia.ch
Facing south

Facing south
map
Malvaglia (Switzerland)
Malvaglia
w w
Parish before the merger on March 31, 2012

Until March 31, 2012, Malvaglia was a municipality in the Malvaglia district , in the Blenio district of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland . On April 1, 2012, it merged with Ludiano and Semione to form the new municipality of Serravalle .

geography

Malvaglia is located in the lower Blenio Valley on the eastern bank of the Brenno River . As a street village, the place extends over 3.3 km as the crow flies north-south and consists mainly of the Rongie (Ronge) , Orino and Chiesa fractions on the slope and in the valley floor . At Malvaglia, the access to Val Malvaglia with the settlements of Dagro , Pontei and Montegreco ( Munréch ) is at or above the valley entrance, as well as the church villages Ciavasch , Anzano , Madra and Dandrio in the elevated valley locations .

The area of ​​Malvaglia borders clockwise on the districts of Semione and Ludiano in the west, on the villages of Dongio and Torre belonging to Acquarossa , on the village of Aquila belonging to the municipality of Blenio in the north, in the east on the inaccessible municipal areas of Hinterrhein in the Viamala region and Rossa ( Val Calanca ) and Mesocco in the Moesa region in the canton of Graubünden , and in the south to the municipality of Biasca in the Riviera district in Ticino.

The landscape of the main settlement zone is determined by the gently rising Mátro at 2172 m above sea level in the west . M. and the Pianca Bella at 2165 m above sea level. M. The 2671 meter high Cima di Piancabella, whose chain rises north to the 2843 meter high Cima di Gana Bianca and the Pizzo Muncréch in the south-east at 2252 m above sea level. M., as well as the Pizzo Magn located in the south near Biasca with 2329 m above sea level. M. and Pizzo Masnàn at 2505 m above sea level. M., complete the landscape. Geologically, in this part of the Lepontine Alps , granitoids that have been converted to gneiss dominate , which are popularly referred to as granite , and in higher elevations also slate .

In Orino the same flow occurs Orino which transports the water from the Val Malvaglia and its tributary Val Combra from a gorge and flows into the Brenno. At this point the Brenno has been straightened and secured with a dam to protect it from flooding. To the south of it, Malvaglia has an extensive pasture and agricultural zone in the Campasc and Brugaio fractions , which merges into a largely natural floodplain on the southern edge .

Transport and infrastructure

Malvaglia functions as a school location and an administration and supply center in the Serravalle municipality. The place is on the main road through the Blenio Valley, which is connected to the A2 motorway from Biasca . After the closure of the Biasca-Acquarossa railway in 1973, a bypass road opened in 1976. The districts of Malvaglia, Semione and Ludiano are connected by a bridge at Rongie-Ganna . Plans to build another bridge were rejected. To the north it is possible to drive on the Lukmanier Pass .

From 1933 to 1959, the canton of Ticino's first passenger ropeway was in operation between Malvaglia and Ponterio . In 1996 a new cable car was inaugurated from the Filovia bus stop to Monte Dagro. It shortens the ascent to the Quarneihütte , at the foot of the Adula (German: Rheinwaldhorn ), by around 1000 meters in altitude . Filovia Malvaglia SA has been responsible for running the railway since 2014 .

The road leading into Val Malvaglia was built in the 1940s for the construction of the Bacino di Val Malvaglia reservoir. The road access to Val Pontirone, which belongs to the municipality of Biasca, is also in Malvaglia . The hourly bus route 131 operated by Autolinee Bleniesi SA guarantees basic services for the village population with public transport services and offers a connection to the SBB network in Biasca .

population

Population development
year 1850 1860 1870 1880 1888 1900 1910 1920 1930 1941 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2011
Residents 1647 1455 1729 2022 1752 1606 1391 1501 1265 1190 1120 1120 1099 1105 1146 1172 1305

history

San Martino di Tours

Malvaglia was previously conveniently located on the one hand on the mule track over the Lukmanier Pass to Disentis , on the other hand on the Narapass into the upper Leventina and the Gotthard Pass , before a path through the Biaschina and Piottino gorges in the Leventina was created. In addition to passing pilgrims and the transalpine trade, this repeatedly attracted invasion troops : the presence of the Romans is documented by a coin depot in Rongie that is dated to the Alemanni invasions of 270 or 288. The associated villages in elevated positions, with a Casa dei Pagani , have been a place of refuge since the premodern , to which women and children withdrew to avoid troops passing by. From October 27, 1798 to January 10, 1799, the French 106th Brigade occupied the valley, while the inhabitants of the Blenio valley, unlike those of the Leventina , who rose on May 1, 1799, offered no resistance. At the end of September 1799, an opposing Russian-Austrian detachment of the Russian general Alexander W. Suvorov advanced over the Lukmanier Pass to the Oberalp Pass in the Canton of Graubünden (Rosenberg division). Only from 1809 to 1838 was a drivable road as far as Olivone laid out, which was connected to the Rhaetian road network from 1877. The travel and transport route through the Blenio Valley (Lukmanier and locally also Greina and Diesrut ) was overshadowed by the much better developed valleys Riviera and Valle Leventina from the 19th century at the latest .

Malvaglia is mentioned for the first time in 1205 as de Malvallia , but finds in Malvaglia-Dagro already indicate prehistoric settlement . Located in the immediate vicinity of Serravalle Castle , Malvaglia was in changing manorial ownership: initially the citizens of Lodrino (mentioned in 1193) and the Disentis monastery (mentioned in 1334), from 1345 in the possession of the Visconti family and from 1380 in the possession of the Pepoli family in Bologna . In 1402 the Pepoli were driven out by the valley population. On September 30, 1512, as a result of a landslide near Biasca, there was a massive flooding of the valley floor that lasted until the days of Pentecost 1514 or 1515, creating a lake almost 5 km long and more than 1200 m wide. In 1517, a court acquitted the residents of Malvaglia from the charge that the lake, which had claimed the lives of around 600 people, was breached by magic, but doubts and suspicions remained for a long time. After the valley population had succeeded in legally and militarily breaking away from the rule of northern Italian aristocratic families, the Blenio valley and thus also the population of Malvaglia were bound to the protective power of Uri from 1495 by an oath of allegiance and were subject to the jointly exercised from 1503 to 1798 Rule of the cantons Uri, Schwyz and Nidwalden . As part of the upheavals that affected all of Switzerland after the French Revolution , Malvaglia in the Helvetic Republic briefly came under the administration of the canton of Bellinzona and is now part of the canton of Ticino, which was newly founded in 1803.

Palazzo dei Landfogti
The former Hotel Albergo della Posta in Malvaglia-Rongie from 1903

Like the rest of the Blenio Valley, Malvaglia has been shaped by emigration since the beginning of the modern age, which initially led mainly to Italy and later also overseas. At the same time, from 1848/1849 , due to the expulsion of the liberal Ticino from the Austrian- controlled Lombardy , a seasonal emigration to the urban centers of northwestern Europe, namely to French, Belgian and English cities. The most important line of business for these emigrants, who in some cases became prosperous, was the hotel and restaurant industry and the trade in food and self-made confectionery. Their return, as well as the events in Italy, the recurring experience of severe floods (1620, 1747, 1868), the typhoid epidemic of 1806 and the famine of 1845-47 brought the Catholic -influenced valley population from the 19th century onwards a strong will to modernize and the Rise of liberalism . The wide spread of liberal ideas led z. For example, the Catholic canton of Ticino joined the Protestant cantons in the Sonderbund War of 1847, in which 3,000 Ticino people took part, or the secularization of school teaching in Malvaglia in 1853.

The former Asilo Infantile children's home from 1901, the seat of Atelier Titta Ratti , to the left is a returnees villa

Until the 20th century, the “Piazza d'armi” in Malvaglia-Rongie was the venue for the third largest cattle market in Ticino (Fera di Malvaglia) , after Lugano and Giornico . The market took place four times a year, namely in January at St. Antonius, on the 2nd Tuesday in March, in September and in November at St. Martin. The economic development into an industrial society turned out to be difficult for Malvaglia, and agriculture continued to offer employment opportunities almost exclusively. In 1869 the plans for a transalpine railway connection over the relatively low Lukmanier Pass or for the 17.4 km long Greina tunnel that had not been completed were definitely broken down , with a route through the middle of Semione because the route through the shorter Gotthard tunnel from the federal government and the new Kingdom of Italy was found to be cheaper. Eastern Switzerland and the Kingdom of Sardinia were particularly strong in favor of the Lukmanier . In 1895, 219 people (155 of them women) lived all year round on the barren alpine pastures of Val Malvaglia. In 1910 a fire destroyed the only industrial plant in Malvaglia. The Scossa brothers' factory had made candles from tristearin . After the population peaked around 1880, the number of residents declined inexorably, reaching its lowest point in the 1970s. With the advent of cars and the construction of the expressway, the situation stabilized. Malvaglia increasingly turned into a suburban residential zone and today benefits from the low through traffic and the lack of industrial operations.

Kastél from Dagro
Madra in the Vall Malvaglia

Attractions

Ponte Laù

The Rongie / Orino fraction and the settlements in Val Malvaglia are classified in the inventory of protected sites in Switzerland (ISOS) as sites of national importance.

  • The parish church of San Martino di Tours from 1602–1603, with a 37.5 m high Romanesque bell tower, includes the following other buildings: - Colonna di San Carlo column from 1734; - Ossario ossuary ; - Oratorio Santi Enrico e Apollinare chapel ; - Stations of the Cross Via Crucis from 1761
  • San Antonio Abate Church from before 1400
  • The remains of a Casa dei Pagani lie above the Chiesa district, in the Tagnugna settlement
  • The Casa Baggio (also: Palazzo dei Landfogti or Ul Palazz ) in the fraction Rongie was in the 16th century believed to be the first seat of the bailiffs
  • The Casa Canzali in the Rongie fraction with an imperial eagle and Visconti coat of arms on the facade
  • In the Anzano fraction: Oratory San Bartolomeo
  • In the Dagro fraction: Oratorio Santi Vito, Modesto e Crescenza
  • In the Dagro: Kastél (Piramide mozza) fraction , a prehistoric stone tablet was found nearby, showing the astronomical signs of the midnight sky from February to March
  • In the Dandrio fraction: Oratorio San Giovanni Battista
  • In the Madra fraction: Oratory of San Giacomo il Maggiore from the 15th century
  • Stone bridge Ponte Laù from around 1600
  • Bowl stone (character stone) on the border of the former municipalities of Torre and Aquila at the height of Cadabi (2580 m above sea level)

Culture

  • Atelier Titta Ratti in the former orphanage Asilo Infantile from 1901 and Fondazione Elisa e Titta Ratti
  • Associazione Asilo Beach , organizer of the Sun Valley Festival

Personalities

  • Family Baggi / o: The family still resident in the village has been attested since the beginning of the 15th century in the Blenio Valley, where they held important offices (land clerk, governor) in the bailiff's administration. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the family produced well-known, exclusively conservative politicians (Giovanni Domenico Baggi) and was active in the food trade and in the production of ice cream in France and Italy.
    • Antonio Baggi (* around 1710 in Malvaglia; † after 1750 there), headed the Inquisition in the Blenio Valley around 1750 .
    • Giacomo Antonio Baggi (* around 1750 in Malvaglia; † June 21, 1814?), Politician
    • Giulio Baggio (* 1840 in Malvaglia; † 1879 in Lille ), doctor, professor at the medical faculty of the Université Lille Nord de France
    • Paolo Baggio (born June 15, 1872 in Lille, † November 25, 1951 in Cannes ), violinist and professional military man
    • Giovanni Baggio (born December 25, 1877 in New York City , † August 18, 1943 in Malvaglia) engineer and organist
    • Luisa Baggio (born September 20, 1906 in Malvaglia; † February 2, 2001 in Bellinzona ), secondary school teacher, director of Pro Infirmis in Bellinzona
    • Giovanni Domenico Baggi (born October 12, 1929 in Malvaglia; † May 31, 1995 ibid), lawyer, mayor of Malvaglia, Ticino Grand Councilor , National Councilor
  • Pasquale Blotti (born March 11, 1869 in Malvaglia; † August 9, 1928 in Zurich ), doctor, Grand Councilor from Ticino
  • Titta Ratti (born February 25, 1896 (Battista) in Milan , † February 2, 1992 in Malvaglia), painter, portraitist and detour into the genre of the animal painter
  • Riccardo Saglini (* around 1909 in Malvaglia; † around 1995 there?), Secondary teacher, rector of the high school in Biasca and author

literature

  • Marina Bernasconi Reusser: Monumenti storici e documenti d'archivio. I “Materiali e Documenti Ticinesi” (MDT) quali fonti per la storia e le ricerche sull'architettura e l'arte medievale delle Tre Valli. In: Archivio Storico Ticinese. 2nd series, number 148, Casagrande, Bellinzona 2010, pp. 211, 233, 241.
  • Piero Bianconi : Arte in Blenio. Guida della valle. SA Grassi & Co. Bellinzona-Lugano 1944; same (ed.): Malvaglia. In: Inventario delle cose d'arte e di antichità. Le Tre Valli Superiori. Leventina, Blenio, Riviera. Grassi & Co., Bellinzona 1948, pp. 125, 131, 132.
  • Franco Binda: Il mistero delle incisioni. Armando Dadò editore, Locarno 2013, ISBN 978-88-8281-353-6 .
  • Sonia Fiorini: Malvaglia. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . January 18, 2017 , accessed January 9, 2020 .
  • Virgilio Gilardoni : ' Il Romanico. Catalogo dei monumenti nella Repubblica e Cantone del Ticino. La Vesconta, Casagrande SA, Bellinzona 1967, pp. 34, 41, 44, 221, 299, 405-409, 465, 468, 482, 512.
  • Lukas Högl: Casa dei Pagani. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . March 16, 2017 , accessed January 9, 2020 .
  • Simona Martinoli u. a .: Guida d'arte della Svizzera italiana. Edizioni Casagrande, Bellinzona 2007, pp. 81, 83, 85, 89, 90, 103.
  • Johann Rudolf Rahn : I monumenti artistici del medio evo nel Cantone Ticino. Tipo-Litografia di Carlo Salvioni, Bellinzona 1894, pp. 200-202.
  • Agostino Robertini et al. a .: Malvaglia. In: Il Comune. Edizioni Giornale del Popolo, Lugano 1978, pp. 241-252.
  • Maria Elisabeth Rossetti-Wiget, U. Felicino Cavargna, Giuseppe P. Rossetti: Malvaglia. Una comunità alpina nel riflesso dei suoi statuti (1755). Malvaglia by Felicino Cavargna e M. Elisabeth Rossetti-Wiget, 2007; Idem: Malvaglia. Una comunità alpina riflessa nel computo delle anime (1608, 1837). Malvaglia by Felicino Cavargna e M. Elisabeth Rossetti-Wiget, 2008.
  • Celestino Trezzini : Malvaglia In: Historisch-Biographisches Lexikon der Schweiz , Volume 5, Maillard - Monod. , Attinger, Neuenburg 1929, p. 10 ( digitized version ).

Web links

Commons : Malvaglia  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jürg Meyer: Rocks of Switzerland - The field guide . 1st edition. Haupt Verlag, Bern, ISBN 978-3-258-07856-4 , pp. 278-287 .
  2. ↑ Maps and geodata. Federal Office of Topography swisstopo, Wabern near Bern, accessed on June 3, 2018 .
  3. ↑ La storia della filovia. Filovia Malvaglia SA, accessed October 14, 2018 (Italian).
  4. ^ Sonia Fiorini: Malvaglia. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . December 30, 2016 .
  5. ^ Orari di linea. Autolinee Bleniesi SA, Biasca, accessed June 3, 2018 (Italian).
  6. ↑ Luca Solari: Blenio: una valle a confronto . Salvioni arti grafiche, Bellinzona 1998, ISBN 88-7967-023-9 , p. 174 .
  7. ^ Sonia Fiorini: Malvaglia. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . December 30, 2016 .
  8. ↑ a b c Hannes Maurer: Ticino valleys Ticino worlds - history and stories . Verlag NZZ, Zurich 2002, ISBN 3-85823-973-9 , p. 33, 132, 174 f .
  9. ↑ Stefano Bolla, quoted from Abbé Cognet (Ernouf, Paris 1881): Descrizioni della Valle di Blenio tra Settecento e Ottocento . Ed .: Armando Dadò. Impronte bleniesi 1. Fondazione Voce di Blenio, Dongio (Acquarossa) 2010, ISBN 978-88-8281-297-3 , p. 79, 82, 150 .
  10. ^ Adolf Collenberg: Suworow, Alexander. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . July 26, 2012 .
  11. ↑ a b c d Marco Marcacci, Fabrizio Viscontini: La Valle di Blenio e la sua Ferrovia - L'ingresso nella modernità . Salvioni Edizioni, Bellinzona 2011, ISBN 978-88-7967-283-2 , p. 34, 45 f., 208 .
  12. ↑ Atanasio Donetti: Distreto di Blenio, in: Storia e Topografia del Canton Ticino (manoscritto 1860); in: Descrizioni dalla Valle di Blenio tra Settecento e Ottocento . Ed .: Stefano Bolla, Armando Dadò. tape 1 . Fondazione Voce di Blenio, Acquarossa-Dongio 2010, ISBN 978-88-8281-297-3 , p. 132 .
  13. ^ Christophe Bonnard: Buzza di Biasca. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . February 16, 2005 .
  14. ^ Sonia Fiorini: Blenio (district). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . May 8, 2017 .
  15. ^ Raffaello Ceschi: Ottocento Ticinese . Ed .: Armando Dadò. 1986, p. 77 .
  16. ^ Marco Marcacci, Nelly Valsangiacomo: Tessin (Canton). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . May 30, 2017 .
  17. ↑ Rongie / Orino. In: ISOS local images. Ufficio federale della cultura (committente), 2008, accessed on June 3, 2018 (Italian).
  18. ↑ Stefano Bolla, cited: Paolo Ghiringhelli (Zurich 1811), and: Vincenzo Dalberti (Lugano 1817): Descrizioni della Valle di Blenio tra Settecento e Ottocento . Ed .: Armando Dadò. Impronte Bleniesi 1. Fondazione Voce di Blenio, Dongio (Acquarossa) 2010, ISBN 978-88-8281-297-3 , p. 100 f., 125 .
  19. ↑ Diccon Bewes: With 80 cards through Switzerland - A journey through time . 2nd Edition. Hier und Jetzt Verlag, Baden 2015, ISBN 978-3-03919-344-8 , p. 202-205 .
  20. ↑ Marco Marcacci, Fabrizio Viscontini: La Valle di Blenio e la sua Ferrovia - L'ingresso nella modernità . Salvioni arti grafiche, Bellinzona 2011, ISBN 978-88-7967-283-2 , p. 45 f .
  21. ↑ Rongie / Orino. In: ISOS local images. Ufficio federale della cultura (committente), 2008, accessed on June 3, 2018 (Italian).
  22. ↑ Val Malvaglia. In: ISOS local images. Ufficio federale della cultura (committente), 2008, accessed on June 3, 2018 (Italian).
  23. ↑ a b c d e f g h Simona Martinoli and others: Guida d'arte della Svizzera italiana. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History , Edizioni Casagrande, Bellinzona 2007, ISBN 978-88-7713-482-0 , pp. 83–86.
  24. ↑ Parish Church of San Martino in portal.dnb.de (accessed on: May 5, 2016.)
  25. ↑ Rongie / Orino. In: ISOS local images. Ufficio federale della cultura (committente), 2008, accessed on June 3, 2018 (Italian).
  26. ↑ Casa dei pagani
  27. ↑ Luca Solari: Blenio: una valle a confronto . Salvioni arti grafiche, Bellinzona 1998, ISBN 88-7967-023-9 , p. 29 .
  28. ↑ Adolfo Caldelari: Arte e storia nel Ticino - Catalogo . Ente Ticinese per il turismo, Bellinzona 1975, p. 39 .
  29. ^ Franco Binda: Il mistero delle incisioni. Armando Dadò editore, Locarno 2013, pp. 106–108.
  30. ^ Fondazione Elisa e Titta Ratti
  31. ↑ Atelier Titta Ratti on serravalle.ch
  32. ↑ Un po 'di storia - L'Associazione Asilo Beach. Retrieved July 21, 2018 (Italian).
  33. ^ Daniela Pauli Falconi: Baggi [Baggio]. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . November 27, 2002 .
  34. ↑ Antonio Baggi at biblio.unibe.ch/digibern/hist_bibliog_lexikon_schweiz (accessed on May 29, 2017).
  35. ↑ Giacomo Antonio Baggi at biblio.unibe.ch/digibern/hist_bibliog_lexikon_schweiz (accessed on May 29, 2017).
  36. ↑ Giulio Baggio (Italian) on ricercamusica.ch/dizionario/ (accessed on: October 27, 2017.)
  37. ↑ Paolo Baggio (Italian) on ricercamusica.ch/dizionario/ (accessed on: October 27, 2017.)
  38. ↑ Giovanni Baggio (Italian) on ricercamusica.ch/dizionario/ (accessed on: October 27, 2017.)
  39. ↑ Luisa Baggio (Italian) on archividonneticino.ch (accessed on October 12, 2016).
  40. ^ Pablo Crivelli: Giovanni Domenico Baggi. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . December 6, 2001 .
  41. ^ Alberto Lepori, Fabrizio Panzera (ed.): Uomini nostri. Trenta biography di uomini politici. Armando Dadò Editore, Locarno 1989, p. 16.
  42. ^ Gianna A. Mina: Titta Ratti. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . March 6, 2009 , accessed March 29, 2020 .
  43. ↑ Riccardio Saglini (photo) (Italian) at ti.ch/fileadmin/DECS/DS/Rivista_scuola_ticinese (accessed on May 29, 2017).
  44. ^ Battista (Titta) Ratti. In: Sikart