Schönbrunn (Baden)

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 49 ° 25 '  N , 8 ° 56'  E
Basic data
State :	Baden-Württemberg
Administrative region :	Karlsruhe
County :	Rhein-Neckar district
Height :	398 m above sea level NHN
Area :	34.48 km 2
Residents:	2837 (December 31, 2018)
Population density :	82 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	69436
Primaries :	06272, 06262, 06271
License plate :	HD
Community key :	08 2 26 081
Address of the municipal administration:	Herdestrasse 2 69436 Schönbrunn
Website :	www.gemeinde-schoenbrunn.de
Mayor :	Jan Frey
Location of the community of Schönbrunn in the Rhein-Neckar district

Schönbrunn is a municipality in the Rhein-Neckar district in Baden-Württemberg .

geography

Geographical location

Schönbrunn is located 117 to 466 meters above sea level in the Kleiner Odenwald , about 30 kilometers east of Heidelberg . To the north is the Neckar valley . The annual precipitation is 750 mm and the annual average temperature is 7.5 ° C.

Community structure

The municipality of Schönbrunn consists of the five districts Allemühl, Haag, Moosbrunn, Schönbrunn and Schwanheim, which in turn have grown together from suburbs. The districts are officially named in the form of "Schönbrunn, district ...". The Haager Mühle house belongs to the Haag district. In Schönbrunn with Unter- and Oberschönbrunn there is part of the desert Krutloch, the larger part is in Hirschhorn (Neckar) . In Schwanheim are the Stolzeneck castle ruins and the old castle hamlet Krösselbach. Allemühl also originated from Ober- and Unter-Allemühl.

history

Schönbrunn

Schönbrunn was first mentioned in a document in 1262. The place was probably founded in the 11th or 12th century as a clearing settlement in the Hohenstaufen Reichsland around Wimpfen . The double settlement consisting of Unter- and Oberschönbrunn probably dates from the time the settlement was founded. Originally belonging to the Hochstift Worms , the place came to the Stüber Zent and with this in 1380 to the Electoral Palatinate . A chapel on site was first mentioned in 1479. Around 1520 a church was built in the Gothic style, which was replaced by today's church in 1839–41. The local rule was pledged to various lords until the 16th century and the place was administered by the Palatinate Office of Dilsberg from 1560 . From 1803 Schönbrunn belonged to Baden and was assigned to the Office Neckarschwarzach , with this in 1813 to the Office Neckargemünd . In 1857 Schönbrunn came to the Baden office of Eberbach , which was transferred to the office of Heidelberg in 1863 .

Allemühl

Allemühl can be found for the first time in the Palatinate interest register ("Heidelberger Zinsbuch") from 1370 as "Alle Mulen". There is talk of Allemüllen again in 1447 and Allemühl for the first time in 1467. In 1560 the name Allemühl is found in a central contract between the Electoral Palatinate and the local lords of the Reichartshauser and Meckesheimer Centers. Upper jurisdiction was assigned to the Palatinate. Allemühl was part of the Electorate of the Palatinate until 1803 and was then added to Baden. The first mention of a mill dates back to February 3, 1538. As the name suggests, the small village in the valley of Altbach, Pleutersbach and Krebsbach was a mill settlement, for which various mill channels were created in which water from several sources was pooled. Seven grain mills were once located here, as well as an oil mill and a grinding mill . The Seifert mill, which was already occupied in 1695, is still in operation today. However, it is no longer operated with water, but only with electricity. Ober-Allemühl was mostly administered from Schönbrunn, Unter-Allemühl from Schwanheim. Allemühl currently has 320 inhabitants. The 650-year celebration planned for 2020 was canceled due to the corona pandemic (Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung of June 27, 2020).

Hague

Haag in the valley of the Wimmersbach was first mentioned in 1416. The place originally consisted of two separate settlement cores (Upper and Lower Hague), which have now grown together. The clearing settlement ("hac" means pasture area) goes back to the Staufer, like at Schönbrunn. In the late Middle Ages the place became part of the Stüber Zent and was an accessory to Schwarzach Castle. In the late Middle Ages, local rule lay with the Lords of Weinsberg , who sold Haag to Count Palatine Ludwig in 1419 . However, the place was subsequently pledged to various noble families (including the Landschad von Steinach and the Lords von Helmstatt ) until it became an integral part of the Electoral Palatinate with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. From 1803, Haag belonged to the Baden sub-office of Dilsberg and, as an independent municipality, shared the fortunes of Schönbrunn, with whom it was merged in 1972.

Moosbrunn

Moosbrunn was first mentioned in 1319 as "Mosbrunne" and is probably also a Staufer clearing settlement. The district of Moosbrunn is ring-shaped by the district of the main town of Schönbrunn. In the middle of the Middle Ages , the local rulership was held as a fiefdom of Worms by the von Weinsberg lords and was pledged to the von Hirschhorn lords in 1319 . Ownership passed from Worms to the Palatinate in the 14th century. The Lords of Hirschhorn remained local lords until they died out in 1632, after which the Swedes conquered the place and gave the local rule to the Lords of Helmstatt until 1641 the imperial troops took the place again and the Lords of Kronberg took them back in 1610 in the event of extinction the inheritance promised by the Hirschhorns. In 1704 Moosbrunn came together with Rothenberg north of the Neckar to the Counts of Degenfeld and from these in 1797 to the Counts of Erbach-Fürstenau . In 1803 the place came to Baden as an independent municipality and in 1811 was assigned to the Neckarschwarzach office, where it shares the history of Schönbrunn, with which it was merged in 1972.

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  Moosbrunn from the south

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  Ev. Village church

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  Eastern outskirts

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  View from the "Kanzbuckel" to the south

Schwanheim

Schwanheim was first mentioned in a document in 1369 in the Palatinate register of interest under the name "Schwanden". Like the other suburbs, Schwanheim is also a clearing settlement, but it was probably not formed until the late Middle Ages when the forest belonging to Minneburg was cleared . The imperial castles of Minneburg, Helmstadt and Schwarzach have presumably exercised local rule since the settlement was founded . This division was preserved in 1349 when the Minneburg passed to the Stüber Zent , in 1380 when it passed to the Electoral Palatinate and in 1419 when it passed from Schwarzach to the Electoral Palatinate. The parts of the rulership were pledged and divided several times. At the transition to Baden, the rule condominium remained and parts of the place were assigned to different offices. From 1813 the whole place belonged as an independent municipality to the office of Neckargemünd and, as an independent municipality, shared the fortunes of Schönbrunn, with whom it was merged in 1972. Until January 1, 1972, Schwanheim also administered the village of Unter-Allemühl, two kilometers away.

Community of Schönbrunn

On January 1, 1972, the previously independent communities of Haag, Moosbrunn, Schönbrunn with Oberallemühl and Schwanheim with Unterallemühl merged. In the course of the Baden-Württemberg district reform in 1973 , the community became part of the newly formed Rhein-Neckar district .

Since the 1960s, the Schönbrunn districts have undergone a change from a predominantly agricultural infrastructure to residential areas for commuters from the surrounding cities and communities. While there were still 168 farms in the later merged towns in 1960, their number fell to 34 by 1986.

Population development

In 2016 the district of Haag had 921 inhabitants, Schönbrunn 628, Moosbrunn 477, Schwanheim 496 and Allemühl 335. The following list summarizes the inhabitants in the current area and is based on the census results and their official updates.

year	1871	1910	1939	1950	1961	1970	1980	1990	1995	2001	2005	2010	2015
Residents	1209	1361	1270	1708	1592	1921	2468	2853	3041	3103	3045	2941	2842

Religions

The inhabitants of the suburbs of Schönbrunn were almost without exception Protestant from the Reformation until the early 20th century. The places Haag, Allemühl, Schönbrunn and Moosbrunn were combined to form the parish of Haag, where the parish had been since 1648. Schwanheim has been part of Neunkirchen since 1569 and became a subsidiary of Michelbach after the Schwanheim Church was built. After the merger of the places in 1972, the church conditions were reorganized: Haag and Schwanheim are looked after by the Evangelical Parish Office in Haag, while the Evangelical Parish Office in Schönbrunn is responsible for the places Schönbrunn, Moosbrunn and Allemühl. Since the settlement of displaced persons after the Second World War, there has also been a larger number of Catholics in the area; these are looked after by the Catholic parish in Neunkirchen.

politics

administration

The municipal administration is located in the town hall of the Schönbrunn district. The agreed administrative community Eberbach - Schönbrunn exists with the neighboring city of Eberbach .

Municipal council

The municipal council has 12 seats, plus the mayor as chairman.

The 2019 local elections led to the following result (in brackets: difference to 2014):

FWV	53.6% (−4.0)	6 seats (−1)
CDU	33.6% (−8.8)	4 seats (−1)
SPD	12.8% (+12.8)	2 seats (+2)

mayor

Jan Frey has been Mayor of Schönbrunn since June 1, 2008 . From 1986 until his retirement on May 31, 2008, Roland Schilling was mayor.

coat of arms

The blazon of the coat of arms reads: In silver on a green floor, a red tubular fountain with a blue water jet.

The coat of arms goes back to a court seal that was probably made around 1800. It refers talking on the place name and was designed by the 1914 General State Archives. After the merger in 1972, it initially lost its official status, but in 1974 - together with the red and white flag - it was awarded again by the Ministry of the Interior unchanged for the newly created community.

Culture and sights

Architectural monuments, public buildings

In Schönbrunn there is a church built between 1839 and 1841 with a parsonage built in 1815, in front of it there is a so-called “Peace Oak” from 1870/71 and a war memorial on the village square. Various historical buildings have been preserved in the village, including a. a cellar from 1597. The town hall of Schönbrunn is a modern, functional building, which, like the modern school, was built between the earlier settlement centers of Unter- and Oberschönbrunn. In front of the town hall there is a sandstone fountain typical of the region, as there are several in the entire municipality.

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  Church in Oberschönbrunn

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  Schönbrunn Town Hall

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  Unterschönbrunn village fountain

In Allemühl there are various historical mills, one of which is still in operation today. The farm building of this mill dates from 1795, and there is also an old sandstone well near this mill. There is an old school and town hall from 1902 and a war memorial in the village. On a hill near the cemetery is the simple evangelical Jesus Christ Church on the mountain of Allemühl from 1958. Outside the village is the "August-Rumm-Gedächtnisruh", a memory of the Odenwald painter August Rumm (1888–1950) dedicated green area.

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  Schoolhouse from 1902

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  Mill in Allemühl

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  Church in Allemühl

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  View over Allemühl

The historic St. Lambert Church is located in the walled cemetery in Haag , the core of which goes back to a medieval building. The gatehouse of the cemetery and the portals of the church date between 1740 and 1751, the choir tower was renewed in 1753. A historical portal from 1466 was reused in the access to the attic. The old town hall and the old school house are in the village near the village square. The town hall was built in 1877 as a poor and town hall instead of the first town hall built in 1747 and served as town hall from 1878 to 1971. The old schoolhouse was built in 1859 as the second schoolhouse in the community, with a teacher's apartment, stable and barn, and was used as such until a new school was built in 1964. In the village, which won the state competition “ Our village should be more beautiful ” in 1988 , there are also several historical half-timbered buildings, fountains and signposts as well as a war memorial.

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  Church in Hague

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  Old Town Hall

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  Old school house

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  Green area with a fountain

In Moosbrunn is located in the center the church of 1926-27, in which a water staircase house is integrated with a fountain. It was built in the old cemetery to replace the Wendelinskapelle, which was attested in 1533 but was demolished in 1897. A special feature of the cemetery is a field with historical gravestones, which after the reorganization of the cemetery were stripped of their foundations, all of which were laid out and determine the appearance of the complex.

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  Church in Moosbrunn

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  Moosbrunn cemetery

In Schwanheim , the old town hall and the old school building from 1905 are in the immediate vicinity in the center of the village not far from the church. The church, built in 1821/22, is the first church in the town. Plans to build a church had existed since the late 18th century, but could not be realized for a long time due to lack of money and the resistance of the Neunkirchen parish. The church was then built in 1821 only as a morgue and later expanded into a church. The bell tower was not added until 1952. The town hall was built as a farmhouse in 1838, acquired by the municipality in 1882 and increased in 1950/51. The old school house, built in 1834, today a residential building that has been modernized several times, is the birthplace of the painter August Rumm. The new school house was built in 1905.

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  Church in Schwanheim

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  Town hall Schwanheim

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  Schwanheim schoolhouse

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  Old school

societies

All sub-locations have their own volunteer fire brigade , so that over 150 firefighters are active in the entire town.

The community also has a DRK readiness which, in addition to medical services and blood donation campaigns, also carries out the " local helpers " system.

Economy and Infrastructure

Educational institutions

The elementary school in Schönbrunn was recognized as an educational workshop in Baden-Württemberg because it mixes age groups and makes the lessons very flexible to promote the independence of pupils' learning.

traffic

The federal highway 37 ( Heidelberg - Mosbach ) runs through the Neckar valley north of the municipality . There are bus routes to neighboring towns that also connect to the Rhein-Neckar S-Bahn in Eberbach and Neckargemünd . Schönbrunn belongs to the tariff area of ​​the Rhein-Neckar transport association .

Personalities

• Gerhard Meier (pseudonym: Jan Ulenbrook ) († 2000), writer and translator, lived in Allemühl since 1961
• August Rumm (1888–1950), painter, born in Schwanheim, last lived in Allemühl

literature

• State Archive administration Baden-Württemberg in connection with d. Cities and districts Heidelberg u. Mannheim (ed.): The city and districts of Heidelberg and Mannheim: Official district description .
  • Vol. 1: General part . Karlsruhe 1966
  • Vol. 2: The city of Heidelberg and the municipalities of the district of Heidelberg . Karlsruhe 1968
• Adolf M. Hirn, Gabriele Süskind (ed.), Jürgen Schütz (ed.): The Rhein-Neckar district . Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 3-8062-0597-3
• Schönbrunn and its districts - the day before yesterday, yesterday, today , Schönbrunn Mayor's Office 1986
• Gertrud Seisler: Allemühl in the Little Odenwald in the past and present , Allemühl 2001

Individual evidence

1. ↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
2. ^ The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume V: Karlsruhe District Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1976, ISBN 3-17-002542-2 . Pp. 354-356
3. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 475 .
4. ↑ Schönbrunn Municipality, as of December 31, 2016
5. ↑ Baden-Württemberg State Statistical Office
6. ^ Agreed administrative community Eberbach - Schönbrunn on the Internet
7. ^ State Statistical Office of Baden-Württemberg: Municipal council elections 2019, Schönbrunn ; Municipality of Schönbrunn: municipal council election 2019 (PDF) ; accessed May 30, 2019.
8. ^ Herwig John, Gabriele Wüst: Wappenbuch Rhein-Neckar-Kreis . Ubstadt-Weiher 1996, ISBN 3-929366-27-4 , p. 106

Web links

Commons : Schönbrunn  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikivoyage: Schönbrunn (Baden)  - travel guide

• Community of Schönbrunn
• Nature reserve Neckarufer, Seitelsgrund, Moosklinge near Moosbrunn
• Bannwald Schnapsried