Rubble
A pile of rubble or rubbish is an artificially raised hill made of rubble and rubbish . Many of these piles of rubble were built in major German cities after the Second World War from the rubble of cities destroyed by bombing . Almost every major city in Germany has at least one mountain of rubble like this .
Mountains of rubble in major German cities (selection)
| city | mountain | Height ( m above sea level ) |
Height (above level) |
Volume of the embankment (m³) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| augsburg | Augsburg garbage dump | 512 m | 55 m | 7.4 million |
| Berlin | Arkenberg | 122 m | 67 m | |
| Berlin | Teufelsberg | 120.1 m | 55 m | 26 million |
| Berlin | Ahrensfeld mountains | 115 m | 65 m | |
| Berlin | Kienberg | 102 m | ||
| Berlin | Oderbruchkippe | 91 m | 3 million | |
| Berlin | Village view | 86 m | ||
| Berlin | Humboldthöhe | 85 m | ||
| Berlin | Small and large bunker mountain ( Mont Klamott ) | 48 and 78 m | 40 m | 2.5 million |
| Berlin | islander | 78 m | 1.8 million | |
| Berlin | Tempelhofer Marienhöhe | 73 m | 0.19 million | |
| Berlin | Rudower height | 70 m | ||
| Berlin | Rixdorfer Höhe | 68 m | ||
| Düren | Düren rubble mountain | 1 million | ||
| Frankfurt am Main | Monte Scherbelino | 172.5 m | 47 m | 12.0 million |
| Fuerth | Solarberg, Schuttberg | 348 m | 60 m | 2.6 million |
| Cologne | Hercules Mountain | 72.2 m | 25 m (approx.) | |
| Krefeld | Inrather Berg | 87 m | ||
| Leipzig | Rosentalhügel (Scherbelberg) | 131 m | 20 m | 0.12 million |
| Leipzig | Fockeberg | 153 m | 40 m (approx.) | |
| Leipzig | Nahleberg | 143 m | 30 m (approx.) | |
| Ludwigshafen am Rhein | Michaelsberg | 125 m | 32 m | |
| Mönchengladbach | Rheydter height | 133 m | 64 m | |
| Munich | Olympic mountain | 567 m | 60 m | |
| Munich | Luitpold hill | 540 m | 37 m | |
| Munich | Fröttmaninger Berg | 562 m | 75 m | 12 million |
| Munich | Neuhofener Berg | 2.5 million | ||
| Muenster | Coerde / Rieselfelder Münster | 45 m | 47 m | 1.2 / 7.3 million |
| Nuremberg | Föhrenbuck | 369 m | 60 m | |
| Nuremberg | Silberbuck | 356 m | 38 m | 5.53 million 1 |
| Nuremberg | Schweinauer Buck | 345 m | 40 m | |
| Nuremberg | Marienbuck | 333 m | 18 m | |
| Paderborn | Monte Scherbelino | 200 m | ||
| Pforzheim | Wallberg | 418 m | 40 m | 1.65 million |
| Stuttgart | Birch head | 511 m | 40 m | 1.5 million |
| Stuttgart | Green Heiner | 395 m | 70 m |
Well-known mountains of rubble
Berlin
In Berlin , around 15 percent of the total amount of debris from the war had to be cleared. Components that were still usable were used for the reconstruction, the remaining rubble was stored in the flat urban landscape in the form of numerous "mountains of rubble" and later planted with greenery. Examples are the Teufelsberg , the Rixdorfer Höhe , the Insulaner with the Berlin observatory, the Marienhöhe , the Schlehenberg and other elevations in the Humboldthain and the Volkspark Friedrichshain .
After the Second World War, the Teufelsberg was heaped up over the shell of the "Defense Science Faculty" (see Germania planning) and is the second highest elevation in Berlin after the pile of rubble in the Arken Mountains, which was heaped up from 1984 . The Ahrensfeld Mountains and the Kienberg, which were created in the 1980s and 1970s from rubble during the construction of the Berlin-Marzahn development area, are only slightly lower at 114.5 and 102 meters respectively . The Humboldthöhe, the Große and the Kleine Bunkerberg in Friedrichshain were each built over a flak tower. The Tempelhofer Marienhöhe, on the other hand, lies above a natural mountain.
Dresden
There are three large mountains of rubble in Dresden . February 1945 was badly damaged. The largest is on the southern edge of the Heller (location: 51 ° 5 ′ 34.4 ″ N , 13 ° 44 ′ 58.1 ″ E ; street: "Am Trümmerberg"). It was later used as a landfill, which also resulted in uncontrolled deposits of toxic waste. The garbage dump was renovated after 1990. The mountain can be entered and offers a view of large parts of the city, including the courtyard of the nearby prison. The rubble mountain between Laubegast , Leuben and Dobritz rises about 30 meters above these parts of the city and is located on the edge of an old Elbar in the Elbe valley basin (location: 51 ° 1 ′ 10.6 ″ N , 13 ° 49 ′ 18.5 ″ O ). Another mountain of rubble is located in Friedrichstadt , at the eastern end of the Alberthafen (location: 51 ° 3 ′ 49.9 ″ N , 13 ° 43 ′ 4.6 ″ E ). Further debris was deposited on the Elbe meadows .
Frankfurt am Main
The rubble of Frankfurt was first heaped up on the Ratsweg on the area of the old stadium on the Riederwald of Eintracht Frankfurt at the point where the ice rink is now and the Dippemess fairgrounds . It was called " Monte Scherbelino " by the Frankfurters . Until 1964, this pile of rubble was removed by the rubble recycling company and mostly processed into new building materials. (Coordinates: 50 ° 7 ′ 29 ″ N , 8 ° 43 ′ 24 ″ E ).
The hill in Frankfurt, known since then as Monte Scherbelino, has nothing to do with this mountain of rubble and was already called that before the war (coordinates: 50 ° 4 ′ N , 8 ° 43 ′ E ). In addition to rubble, it consists essentially of waste from the city of Frankfurt am Main and once emerged from a sand pit. With the prevailing south-westerly wind direction, its location mainly affected the neighboring city of Offenbach . At the western end is the small Haldenweiher , the subsoil of which is contaminated by the former seepage water from the garbage mountain. The approximately 47 m high mountain is located directly at the Offenbacher Kreuz .
From 1925 to 1968 it was used as a garbage dump. Over the years, around 18 million cubic meters of waste have been deposited on an area of 24 hectares. After the Frankfurt waste-to-energy plant went into operation in Heddernheim , the landfill was closed. The city administration had the three-capped mountain green and planted with trees. A large playground was built on it, and numerous barbecue areas were created. From the highest elevation one had a wide panoramic view over the Rhine-Main area to the surrounding Taunus , Spessart and Odenwald mountains . Display boards explained what the visitor could see.
The mountain was closed in 1989 because the risk of escaping vapors and liquids could not be excluded. After extensive renovation and sealing against the groundwater in two phases from 1992 and 2003, the green area was redesigned in 2015/16. After the renovation, the site is occasionally accessible as part of guided tours.
Another waste dump, also known as the Griesheim Alps , is located in Frankfurt's Griesheim industrial park . It was created from industrial waste from the former chemical company Griesheim-Elektron and was covered and greened in the early 1990s by the then operator Hoechst AG.
Hanover
The mountain of waste known as Nordberg on the grounds of the Hanover landfill was raised between 1937 and 1982. With a height of 122 m, it is the highest point in Hanover . A lot of rubble from the Second World War was piled up into a hill next to the Maschsee . The spectator stands for what was then the Lower Saxony stadium was then built.
Ingolstadt
The so-called Scherbelberg in Ingolstadt was built from ruins of fortifications from the 19th century that were demolished in 1934. With a height of 25 meters, it rises only marginally from the landscape. The remains of fortifications underneath were used as air raid shelters during World War II.
Leipzig
In the years 1887-1896 in were Rosental 120,000 cubic meters (60,000 horse carts) household waste to 20 m high Rosental hill piled up ( "Scherbelberg"). This was greened and built with a lookout tower.
Starting in 1947, rubble from the Second World War was heaped up on the former farm meadows , a forest area in the southern suburbs that had been damaged by the war . The name Fockeberg became established after the neighboring street . In the 1980s, the area was developed, designed and greened by paths. It is used as a recreation area and for sports and scene events. That about 154 m above sea level. NN lying summit plateau serves as a lookout point and as a barbecue area.
After the Möckern landfill was closed in the north-west of the city, the 30 m high hill was given the name Nahleberg , derived from the neighboring river .
Mönchengladbach
The Rheydter Höhe rubble mountain is the highest point in the city. There is also another mountain of rubble, called "Monte Scherbelino", opposite the main cemetery on the border between the districts of Eicken and Neuwerk.
Munich
Another well-known mountain of rubble is the 60-meter-high Olympiaberg , often also called the “great rubble mountain” or simply called “rubble mountain”, in Munich . The sports facilities for the 1972 Summer Olympics were built on the surrounding area .
Nearby is the 37-meter-high Luitpoldhügel or "small rubble mountain", which was heaped up in the Schwabing Luitpoldpark .
Another pile of rubble, the Neuhofener Berg , was at Isar - high banks piled along. It is therefore hardly higher than its western surroundings.
The 75 m high Fröttmaninger Berg on the northern outskirts of Munich is the garbage pile of a former landfill , consisting of a total of 12 million cubic meters of garbage. After the end of its use, it was gradually renatured and converted into a local recreation area. Since 1999, its top has been crowned with the Fröttmaning wind turbine, which can be seen from afar .
Nuremberg
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The Silberbuck ⊙ is located in the Dutzendteich recreation area and the former Nazi party rally grounds . At the foot of the landfill is the Silbersee , a heavily contaminated body of water. A total of almost 50 people have died in the lake since the end of the war. Due to the potential danger to life, there has been a statutory bathing ban for decades.
The Schweinauer Buck ⊙ is located directly on the southwest bypass and the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal, near the Nuremberg telecommunications tower . This hill arose from the excavation of the canal basin and the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal in the late 1960s and consists mainly of the clayey sands of the area around Maiach / Hinterhof - so it is not a pile of rubble from the early post-war period. After the canal construction work was completed, the hill was planted with greenery and is now a popular excursion destination in the south-west of Nuremberg.
Note: The former Hinterhof settlement was sacrificed to the Nuremberg Canal Harbor - all that remains is the former inn, the farms that used to be in Hinterhof have been relocated to the surrounding area.
The Föhrenbuck ⊙ is located directly east of the Bayern port of Nuremberg . In the vernacular it is sometimes referred to as rubble mountain or harbor mountain . Until the early 20th century, the area in the Eibach Forest was called Wolfsgrube and Untere Vogelheerd . In the post-war period , large amounts of war rubble were piled up there. In the 1950s and early 1960s, household waste was also added until the landfill immediately to the south was set up. At the end of the 1960s, the rubble mountain was covered with excavated material that arose during the construction of the Main-Danube Canal and reached its final height of 369 m above sea level. NN . In the 1980s, the site was renatured and the sand pits south of the landfill that had remained unfilled were designated as the Sand Pits am Föhrenbuck nature reserve in 1992 .
The Marienbuck ⊙ was created in the early 1950s from the rubble of the former Nuremberg- Marienberg Airport . The site was then renatured and in 1955 the new airport (today: Albrecht-Dürer-Airport ) opened 2 km to the north.
Offenbach am Main
In Offenbach am Main there is a landfill known as the "Landfill Grix". It was built on a former limestone quarry and filled with rubble, commercial and industrial waste.
The Schneckenberg is now an open-air museum. Numerous concerts and events take place here, which are organized by the Offenbacher Verwaltungs- und Organizationalverein e. V. (OVO) are organized and supervised.
Paderborn
The Paderborn rubble mountain is located in the south of the city on the upper cross path. It was built from rubble in the post-war years and became a local recreation area. However, this statement is now considered obsolete; Monte Scherbelino was probably built as the successor to a landfill. Behind the Monte Scherbelino is the Waldstadion Südstadt, the venue of the football club Sportfreunde Blau Weiß Paderborn.
Pforzheim
The Pforzheimer pile of rubble after the Second World War on the already existing course Wallenberg piled northwest of the city center from rubble. In 2005 a memorial was erected to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the bombing of Pforzheim in World War II. There is also a viewing platform from which you have a wide view of the city and the neighboring communities. At 418 m, the summit is about 170 m above the city center, 2.7 km away (about 250 m).
Stuttgart
The Birkenkopf in Stuttgart is like others as Monte Scherbelino referred. It has a height of 511 meters above sea level. NN, whereby the Birkenkopf was piled up 40 meters with the rubble of bombed Stuttgart houses after the Second World War. Large rubble of house facades lie open on the summit. The mountain offers a very wide panoramic view.
The Green Heiner is a pile of rubble on the district Stuttgart-Weilimdorf on the A81 west of Korntal located. The almost 70 meters high mountain reaches a height of 395 m above sea level. NN and was used for recreation, for model flying and as a location for a wind turbine . The mound was created in the 1950s through the artificial filling of large amounts of (mainly) construction rubble.
Ancient rubble in Rome
The Monte Testaccio in Rome consists entirely of broken fragments that fell over the centuries in what was then the port of Rome. He gave its name to the Roman quarter of Testaccio.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Islanders . In: Sabine Huth, Cordula Rinsche: Palaces, Parks & Gardens . 3. Edition. FAB Verlag, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-927551-40-6 , pp. 131-132, here p. 131.
- ↑ fuerth.de
- ↑ kleingartenverein-sw25-muenchen.de ( Memento from October 8, 2007 in the Internet Archive ; PDF)
- ↑ awm.stadt-muenster.de .
- ↑ applied-geologie.geol.uni-erlangen.de .
- ↑ Gerhard Keiderling: Berlin is finally free of rubble . In: Berlin monthly magazine ( Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein ) . Issue 3, 1999, ISSN 0944-5560 , p. 39–43 ( luise-berlin.de ).
- ↑ Monte Scherbelino: What's going on behind the fence? (pdf, 644 kB) on frankfurt.de, accessed on December 25, 2019.
- ^ Donaukurier on May 30, 2012 .
- ↑ Olympiaberg Munich mux.de, accessed August 9, 2016.
- ↑ Munich from above - the highest! Hello Munich, accessed August 9, 2016.
- ↑ Jochem Schulze: How the Monte Scherbelino in Paderborn really came into being . In: Paderborn . ( nw.de [accessed on March 22, 2017]).
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