Kösener circles

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Kösener circles are unofficial amalgamations of related corps in the Kösener Seniors Convents Association . Some are firmly established, others are only used to label individual corps. Old men in corps of different circles are not uncommon and inactive people can easily become active in the corps of another circle, as long as there is no proportional corps in the same senior citizens' convention . On the other hand, changing a corps to another circle is de facto impossible.

history

Cartel circles arose before the association was founded in 1848. The oldest corps cartel is said to have existed between Marchia Halle (II) and Franconia Jena .

“But we did have an echo of the tiresome political party system - unconsciously based on the development of party activity in the German Reichstag. The tendency to itio in partes , as Bismarck said, which is inherent in Germans , led to the formation of the so-called circles from around the end of the 1860s, a development that reached and exceeded its peak in the 1870s. "

- Wilhelm Fabricius , 1907, p. 79

The oKC 1920 followed the Bremensia declaration :

"Without affecting the relationships with the corps that are connected and close to us through personal and tried-and-tested friendship, we declare that in the nature of the current existence and the present handling, but especially in a further expansion of what we believe to be fatal district policy see serious danger for the German corps students. "

- Corps Bremensia

In the background of this unanimous but half-hearted decision stood the rejection of striving for dominance. After the turn of the century and after the First World War, district politics were promoted in the black circle. Suevia Munich wanted to set the tone in the black, Suevia Tübingen in the green circle. Bremensia and Vandalia Heidelberg in particular resisted this .

The importance of the (survived) district politics can be seen in the example of Saxonia Leipzig .

Life Corps

Blue circle

The forerunner of the blue circle was the Golden Cartel of the Corps Lusatia Leipzig (1807), Hannovera (1809) and Teutonia Marburg (1825), which was named after the gold they shared in the ribbon . The nucleus of the later blue circle was the cartel concluded in 1858 between Rhenania Freiburg (1812) and Teutonia Marburg (together blue in the ribbon). With industrialization , the "coal cartel" between Rhenania Freiburg, Teutonia Marburg and Rhenania Tübingen (1827) emerged. The three cartel corps founded the Corps Rheno-Guestphalia at the new Westphalian Wilhelms University in 1908 and committed themselves to its long-term support. The cartel of the four corps that still exists today and produced many industrialists is called the Iron Cartel . In 1973, Rainer Assmann initiated the first organizational merger of all blue corps. While putting aside all differences in the fencing issue, their AH junior officers worked closely together. The working group ended in 1977 with the introduction of the VAC / WVAC study start aid system.

"Greetings first!"
Cartel agreement between Rhenania Freiburg and Teutonia Marburg (1858)
Extinct corps
Guestphalia Jena (1841)
Franconia Hamburg (1861)
Suevia Prague (1868)

Yellow circle

Rüdiger Kutz dealt with the yellow circle for five years. He considers the source situation to be so poor, subjective and flawed that “his prerequisites hardly appear to be objectively reconstructible due to missing or meanwhile lost documents. Add to this its haphazard development, its confusing composition and finally its rapid decay. ... These are corps of low anciency who, soon after their admission to the KSCV, tried to create a secure position and above all personal support through membership in a district. "

Extinct corps
Teutonia Bonn (1875)
Teutonia Hall (1878)

  • Hercynia Göttingen

  • Teutonia Hall

Golden circle

A special form of the circle is the golden circle, which consists of the Corps Vandalia Heidelberg . While the Heidelberg Vandals originally wanted to gather related corps around them, their project remained fruitless, the Golden Circle did not grow despite a cartel with the Corps Bremensia Göttingen . According to the corps history of the Palatia Bonn, with Vandalia Heidelberg and Bremensia in the cartel until 1864, these three are supposed to have been regarded as the golden corps as well as the Estonia at the University of Dorpat in the Baltic States.

Green circle

The nucleus is considered to be the cartel of Franconia Jena , Guestphalia Heidelberg and Misnia (III) , according to another view the friendship between Misnia and Bremensia . Another derivation refers to the color of the hats of Franconia Jena, Franconia Munich and Bremensia, which were closely associated in the cartel at the time. At the district assembly in Jena on August 2, 1919, Franconia Jena was designated the “central office” of the district. It should invite the other corpsman's conventions to a seminar every six months; in summer it should take place after the oKC. It was established that the Austrian corps were alien to the north German corps. Of the original green corps, the Kösener SC have left the Corps Suevia Tübingen, Rhenania Strasbourg and Bremensia, as well as the Vandalo Guestphalia, whose one patron corps Guestphalia was also one of the primeval green corps. The green corps try to follow Moltke's (Roman) motto: “Be more than seem” . They met for the 22nd time in March 2013 in Königstein im Taunus .

Green Circle in Königstein (2013)
Extinct corps
Guestphalia Heidelberg (1818)
Misnia III (1837)
Baltia Koenigsberg (1851)

Magdeburg district

The corps belong to the Magdeburg district

Red circle

Even before 1914, many corps found the corporate political pressure of the black, green, blue and white circle bothersome and oppressive. As a result of initiatives by various old men and under the leadership of Saxonia Jena and Saxonia Bonn, the corps Saxonia Jena, Saxonia Bonn, Borussia Tübingen and Marcomannia Breslau united according to the old ridicule The Red Circle is still growing, / for the time being it's the Bonn and the Jenscher Saxony to the red circle. On July 3, 1919, the joint conclusion of a fifth relationship, an official introductory relationship with Hildeso-Guestphalia zu Göttingen, after the latter had resolved the long-standing cartel relationship with Hasso-Nassovia zu Marburg. The red circle meets every year in November. With the exception of Vandalia Rostock, who had been suspended for a long time, all corps are part of the cartel. Saxonia Jena and Vandalia Rostock entered into a cartel at the 2013 oKC at the Rudelsburg .

Extinct corps
Marcomannia Breslau (1864)

Black circle

The oldest cartel closed in 1820, Baruthia and Bavaria Würzburg. Thuringia Jena, Brunsviga Göttingen, Borussia Greifswald, Saxonia Leipzig and Silesia Breslau got together at the end of the 1860s. The core of the black circle is the Eisenach cartel with Suevia Munich, Brunsviga Göttingen, Hassia-Gießen and Thuringia Jena. Bourgeoisie and thrift are the hallmarks of the black corps. The scale length is of particular importance to them .

100 years of the Eisenacher Kartell (2009)
Extinct corps
Hansea Königsberg (1877-1936)
Saxonia (KWA) (1907-1935)

White circle

WW logo

Saxo-Borussia and Borussia Bonn have been part of the cartel since 1828 . In the summer semester of 1858, the senior citizens agreed that “in future there must be a firm bond between the three corps that best fit their whole being” . Wilhelm Fabricius denied the early designation of the cartel as a white circle in 1907:

“Since 1870 people have spoken of the black, blue and green circles. A 'white' did not yet exist in 1878 and there never was [1906] in the actual circular sense. "

- Wilhelm Fabricius

Even the contemporary witness Joseph Maria von Radowitz , a Prussian from Bonn, does not write anything about a “white circle” in his memoirs.

Most of the members come from historical German nobility and related families. A good quarter of the members come from families that do not belong to the historical German nobility. In Prussia , the old families from the East Elbe were of particular importance. Of the 4400 members of the white corps to date, 150 are multiband people. Only Ernst von Gustedt and the Kurland Baron Nikolaus von Manteuffel wore the ribbons of all three corps.

reception

The prominent social position of the white corps caused great interest among newspapers and writers , especially in the late Imperial period and in the Weimar Republic . When Mark Twain spent several months in Heidelberg in the summer of 1878, he paid great attention to the local corps. For a while he frequented a fraternity he called white cap corps or Prussian corps . This clearly points to the Saxon-Prussians with their white strikers . Oskar Meding , a member of the Corps Saxo-Borussia Heidelberg, published the three-volume novel Die Saxoborussen in 1885 under the pseudonym "Gregor Samarow" . Under the pseudonym "Samar Gregorow" Wilhelm Meyer-Förster wrote the parody of the novel with the title Die Saxo-Saxonen in the same year . Eduard Thöny and Bruno Paul repeatedly made the "Imperial Corps" the subject of caricatures in Simplicissimus .

After the November Revolution, viewed from many sides as “relics of the old days”, the corps of the white circle moved even closer together. By 1928, eleven Hohenzollern princes had joined Borussia Bonn. Despite the reduced influence on German politics, members of the corps of the white circle continued to gain ministerial posts in the Reich government during the Weimar Republic, according to Magnus Frhr. v. Braun and Wilhelm Frhr. v. Gayl .

Some members of the Corps of the White Circle were inspired by National Socialism, including the Bonn Prussian Prince August Wilhelm (left the Corps in 1934), a son of Kaiser Wilhelm II. On the other hand, Friedrich von Prittwitz and Gaffron were the only German ambassadors who left in 1933 Protest against Hitler's "seizure of power" from his post in Washington, DC .

The Saxon-Prussians caused a scandal in May 1935 with the Heidelberg asparagus meal, which accelerated the dissolution of the ties. In newspaper articles and caricatures, fraternity students, and especially corps students, were reviled as reactionary, stupid, bourgeois or feudal . In a "call and order", the Reich Youth Leader Baldur von Schirach stated:

“False Altheidelberg romanticism and anti-working class feudalism are the ideals of these so-called corporations. They stand outside the national community and are enemies of the socialist nation. "

- Baldur von Schirach

Some “white” students from the Corps were involved in founding the Kreisau Circle , especially Count Peter Yorck von Wartenburg and Adam von Trott zu Solz . In 1942, Rudolf von Scheliha was the first of thirteen corps students to be executed. Among the executed conspirators of the assassination on 20 July 1944 include Fritz-Dietlof Graf von der Schulenburg and Albrecht von Hagen .

Political seminars of the White Circle have been held in Bonn, Göttingen , Heidelberg and Berlin for 50 years . Well-known speakers deal with questions from politics, economy, culture and science, for example the Federal Ministers Hans Matthöfer , Hans Friderichs and Thomas de Maizière . On February 18, 1972, an association for the promotion of the White Circle was entered in the Bonn register of associations. The WK-Ball will take place again in Berlin. In June 2008, the three corps celebrated the 150-year cartel festival in Bonn . The white circle currently has around 900 members.

Heads of State in the white circle

District Free Corps

Extinct corps
Teutonia Bonn (1844)
Guestphalia Leipzig (1847)
Borussia-Polonia to Frankfurt (Oder) (1995)

South German cartel

The South German Cartel has existed since 1924 and comprises three Austrian and three German corps.

Baltencorps

Others

Relationships at Palatia Strasbourg (1912)

Palatia Bonn and Palatia Strasbourg were designated as the “violet circle” .

Vandalia Heidelberg was part of the “golden circle” - which only consisted of her.

The Selonia in Riga is associated with the KSCV .

Circle song

The Kösener circles have always been caricatured in verse . As a contribution to a festival of his AHSC, the (fitting) poem was written in 1890 by magistrate Prof. Dr. Friedrich Wilhelm Bredt († 1917), a member of the Corps Hansea Bonn . Passed on from mouth to mouth and modified and supplemented many times, the verses were known to every student of the Corps before the First World War. The presumed original version reads:

In Kös'ner there are four circles,
From them note this to you:

In the first circle are the ravens,
The black brothers, bad boys.
They like to romp and for no reason
But in company her mouth speaks
What is necessary, otherwise no sound
They then call that "discretion".

In the green circle are the limbs,
Who like to moan at Pommery & Greno,
You are full of conceit, always patent,
One hardly knows the other.

The third circle, blue in color,
Not cold, not warm, it's just tepid.
Because it often flashes and cracks in him,
He gives others great pleasure.

In the fourth circle are, my son,
The noblest of the nation
And this high fourth circle
Is blindingly white like innocence.

Apart, not far from green and white ,
A corps of its own as a golden circle .
The double shimmering gold around the breast
Eo ipso increases the zest for life .

A new circle, not yet modern,
He would be only too happy to be.
So he became out of pale envy,
Already pale and yellow before his time.

“There may be a dispute about
whether it is opportune with the circles.
The best
thing is to still stand on its own feet for each corps. "

- Anonymous addition

Remarks

  1. ↑ See Corps Onoldia # Conditions .
  2. ↑ no relationships
  3. ↑ a b backdated later
  4. ↑ For Kutz, the history of Teutonia Halle contains “almost no real data at all”.
  5. ↑ The black Corps Saxonia Konstanz has the coat of arms of Teutonia Halle heraldic lower left full coat of arms of the Corps Saxonia Konstanz.jpg
  6. ↑ The seniors were Gottlieb-Maria v. Radowitz, Gustav von Oertzen and Gottlieb v. Both.
  7. ↑ Cord People (YouTube)
  8. ↑ In the Wehrmacht, v. Schirach nicknamed "Baruch von Bierarsch" (Gerhard Junge: Nebelschattenschein . Bremerhaven 2010, p. 38)
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g h The so-called "mouse gray" corps stood between the black, blue and green circle due to their relationships.
  10. ↑ Life Corps from 1911 to 1945, no circumstances
  11. ↑ since June 28, 2014
  12. ↑ Some members of Borussia Polonia were from Silesia added

literature

  • Walter Brod, Wolfgang Gottwald: Of cartels and circles , in: History of the Kösener associations . Handbuch des Kösener Corpsstudenten, 6th ed. Vol. I, pp. 53–80. Wuerzburg 1985
  • Rolf-Joachim Baum (Ed.): “We want men, we want action!” German corps students from 1848 to today . Siedler-Verlag, Berlin 1998. ISBN 3-88680-653-7 .
  • Wilhelm Fabricius : History and chronicle of the Kösener SC association, according to the files . Marburg 1907 (3rd edition 1921)
  • Fritz Nachreiner: The district policy . Handbook of the Kösener Corps student 1953, pp. 89–92.
  • Martin Dossmann : The Blue Circle in the KSCV . Once and Now , Vol. 65 (2020), pp. 259–282.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Gustav Gotthilf Winkel : Kösener SC calendar . Leipzig 1920
  2. ^ R. Kutz: data collection on foreign policy of the Corps Makaria , 2nd edition. Munich 1977, p. 22
  3. ^ Brüning / Quaet-Faslem / Nicol: History of the Corps Bremensia at the University of Georgia Augusta in Göttingen 1812-1912 . Göttingen 1914, p. 491
  4. ^ Siegfried Schindelmeiser: History of the Corps Baltia , Vol. 2, p. 186
  5. ^ Fritz Ranzi : History of the Academic Corps Athesia in Innsbruck . Innsbruck 1961, p. 74
  6. ↑ v. Bernuth / Crasselt: Königstein meeting of the Green Circle . Corps Magazin 2/2013, p. 23
  7. ^ Wilhelm Czermak, Walther Plugge: The history of the Corps Saxonia zu Jena , Vol. III (1953), p. 303 f.
  8. ^ Rolf-Joachim Baum: On the history of the cartel community Baruthia [Erlangen] - Bavaria Würzburg (160th anniversary of the original cartel of 1820) . Einst und Jetzt 26 (1981), pp. 111-116
  9. ↑ Hans-Bernd Herzog (Ed.): 100 years of the Eisenacher cartel. 1909–2009 , Neustadt an der Aisch 2009, ISBN 978-3-87707-754-2
  10. ^ Video: "Black" Corps students in Eisenach
  11. ↑ a b quoted in Bruno von Kayser (ed.): Contributions to the history of the Göttingen Saxons, commemorative publication for the ninety-year foundation festival . Oldenburg 1930, p. 140
  12. ↑ W. Fabricius: History and Chronicle of the Kösener SC Association. According to the files of Dr. W. Fabricius . Elwertsche Universitätsbuchhandlung, Marburg 1907, p. 80
  13. ↑ a b c d e Wolfgang von der Groeben : Commitment to the Res publica. 150 years of the White Circle. CORPS - the magazine, issue 4/2008
  14. ↑ Mark Twain : A Tramp Abroad . First edition London 1880 (German: Stroll through Europe )
  15. ↑ a b Gregor Samarow: The Saxoborussians . Stuttgart 1885
  16. ↑ He was advised to leave the chairman of the old gentlemen's association, Bodo Graf von Alvensleben (Dedo Graf Schwerin v. Krosigk: "Borussia in der Nazizeit" in: Contributions to the history of the Corps Borussia zu Bonn, Bonn 2007, p. 68)
  17. ^ Sebastian Sigler : Corps students in the resistance against Hitler . Duncker & Humblot , Berlin 2014. ISBN 978-3-428-14319-1 .
  18. ↑ a b Robert von Lucius (Ed.): White-Green-Black-White, Contributions to the History of Saxo-Borussia zu Heidelberg , Vol. 2 (1934–2008), AHV der SB, Köthen 2008, pp. 207 ff.
  19. ↑ a b Otto Kraus: German-Baltic Corps . Kösener Handbuch 1985, Vol. I, pp. 97-104
  20. ↑ Kösener Corpslisten 1930, 13 , 273
  1. ↑ see Corps Palatia-Guestphalia
  2. ^ Henning Wachter: The district and relationship politics of the Corps Franconia zu Würzburg in the KSCV using the example of the South German cartel (1873-1924) . Once and Now, Yearbook of the Society for Corps Student History Research, Vol. 59 (2014), pp. 475-571.
  3. ↑ Deutsche Corpszeitung 3/1956, p. 80
  4. ↑ Vandalia Heidelberg is meant