St. Johann Baptist (Breitnau)

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Coordinates: 47 ° 56 ′ 21.45 "  N , 8 ° 4 ′ 41.45"  E

St. Johann Baptist von Nord in front of the Feldberg massif .
St. Johann Baptist from the southwest.
The Falkenstein "rule aur the forest", also area of ​​the parish Breitnau until 1799.

St. Johann Baptist is the Roman Catholic parish church of the Breitnau community in the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district of Baden-Württemberg . The parish together with the parishes Mariä Himmelfahrt in Hinterzarten , St. Jakobus in Neustadt , Christkönig in Titisee and St. Nikolaus in Waldau form the pastoral care unit at the Titisee of the Archdiocese of Freiburg . The pastor and art historian Manfred Hermann in particular researched the history and shape of the church.

History of the parish

Beginnings

Until 1799 Hinterzarten, Breitnau and the Höllental in between formed a single parish with the parish seat in Breitnau and three churches, the Breitnauer, a good 1000  m above sea level. NN , Maria in der Zarten in Hinterzarten, 900  m above sea level. NN , and St. Oswald im Höllental , 750  m above sea level. NN , the latter today a chapel in the deeply cut valley. Which is the oldest church is not certain. According to a document from 1462, St. Oswald was consecrated in 1148 by Hermann von Arbon , Bishop of Constance . At that time, the parish belonged to the Lords of Falkenstein , who formed their "rule in the forest", where their Falkenstein Castle was located in the west on a steep mountain spur above the Höllental . In 1957, Ekkehard Liehl concluded in a first thorough investigation from the consecration date, the affiliation to the Falkensteiner domain and the building report that St. Oswald had been built as the Falkensteiner's own church , "the oldest still existing sacred building in the Black Forest" and "at the same time the oldest parish church of the Falkenstein rule in the forest ”. However, St. Oswald played this role "only for a very short time - hardly 100 years". The focus of the settlement and the parish "very soon moved up to the 'Breite Owe'" with their better soil and cheaper tanning. St. Oswald was then only a subsidiary church of St. Johann Baptist .

Liehl's hypothesis was adopted by others, such as Hermann Brommer and the historian Hillard von Thiessen (* 1967), and is also repeated in the Church Guide of 2008: St. Oswald was "probably the first parish church of the 'rule on the forest'", “To which the children were carried to baptism and the dead to burial”. The church leader does not take into account (and cites) the results of Bernhard Mangei's dissertation on the formation of rule of kingship, church and nobility between the Upper Rhine and the Black Forest . Mangei cites evidence that the settlement did not advance from the Höllental to the heights on both sides, but rather the Breitnauer Höhe in front of the valley was cultivated. The written tradition that began in the 13th century always names Breitnau as the parish seat, first the Liber decimationis of the Diocese of Constance 1275, where there is talk of a “plebanus in Braitenowe ”, Breitnau pastor, then the Liber taxationis 1353: “ Breitnow cum filia ad S. Oswaldum ". “The consecration date of the filia St. Oswald thus results in the term ante quem for the Breitnau parish church, which must have existed for some time before the branch. Your patronage , John the Baptist , could [...] be of Ottonian origin. "

History until the middle of the 18th century

Maria in der Zarten, St. Johann Baptist and St. Oswald on Johann Sebastian Schilling's ceiling painting.
Sandstone relief on the tower from the time of the Schnewlin von Landeck

Until the middle of the 18th century, the sources only allow glimpses of the parish history. The names of pastors can be identified (with gaps) from the beginning of the 16th century. Around 1350 Maria in the tender is mentioned as a place of grace. In 1416 a small church was built there, which from 1437 was looked after by a chaplain who lived in Hinterzarten . In Breitnau itself the pastor received support from a newly established chaplain in 1701. The three priests had to cope with the pastoral care in an enormous area, with Sunday masses, countless processions prescribed by tradition, confessions, especially during Easter , baptisms, marriages, accidents , and funerals. “Whenever the priest was called to give birth or to a dying man, great haste was required. Mainly for this reason, the pastor from Breitnau and the chaplain from Hinterzarten each kept a horse, for whose oat supply according to the tenth contract of 1766 the Breitnauer and Hinterzartener had to pay ('mistake') ”. The Friborg Franciscans and the Neustadt Capuchins provided help with pastoral care .

Meanwhile, both the rule and the "parishioners" changed. In 1408 the Schnewlin von Landeck acquired the area from the impoverished Falkensteiners and kept it in possession until it was inherited in 1568 by the Barons von Sickingen-Hohenburg , who resided in Ebnet . The last change before the transfer to the Grand Duchy of Baden in 1805 was the attack by the communities of Steig and Fahrenberg to the Lords of Pfirt, who came from Alsace . From the middle of the 17th century, there were three manors in the parish: the Sickingers with the largest share (Breitnau and Hinterzarten), the Pfirter with Steig and Fahrenberg and the Counts of Fürstenberg in Donaueschingen with the Eckbach and Siedelbach valleys on the eastern edge.

Up to the end of the 17th century, the main livelihood of the population was agriculture on around a hundred farms, which were always inherited undivided to the youngest son ( minority ). The bailiffs were elected from among the owners , mediator between the manor and subjects. There were four bailiwicks in the area of ​​the parish: the Sickingen bailiwicks Breitnau and Hinterzarten, the Pfirtsche bailiwick Steig (with Fahrenberg) and the Fürstenberg bailiwick Eckbach and Siedelbach. The social composition of the population changed in the course of the 18th century. With glass blowing and watchmaking , new businesses emerged. In Steig and Hinterzarten in particular, traders, wooden clockmakers and spoon- smiths overtook farmers in terms of prosperity: "a growth region that was about to outshine the Upper Rhine Plain in the second half of the 18th century".

The most important livelihood of the pastor was the tithe, which was only due to him and not to the Hinterzarten chaplain. There were also pride fees for baptisms, for example. Before 1615 the tithe had been converted from a levy in kind to a levy that was collected by the municipalities. In 1615 Pastor Michael Schaffner applied for an increase beyond the 132 florins at that time , according to von Thiessen this was not an improper request, because the value of the monetary tithe had fallen due to inflation . Nevertheless, there was a dispute with the Breitnauer and Hinterzarteners, who were liable for ten duties. Only under Schaffner's successor Jacob Metzger was a new tithe contract concluded in 1616 for a sum of 260 florins.

Beginning with the Thirty Years War , the parish was drawn into the wars of the 17th century. The earth fortifications in the Black Forest , including in the Breitnau area, were unable to keep the French out during the Palatinate War of Succession . During a skirmish with imperial soldiers on February 23, 1690, half the village and the rectory burned down; the church was damaged, the cemetery was completely dug up as an improvised jump.

Carl Ludwig Magon

With Magon, pastor in Breitnau from 1745 to 1794, the source situation changes. Thanks to his willingness to conflict and write, the number of documents from the second half of the 18th century exceeds anything from the previous period many times over. Magon was born on October 30, 1720 in Villingen as the son of a relatively wealthy merchant, studied theology in Freiburg until 1492, worked briefly as vicar in Umkirch after his ordination , then from March 16, 1745 until his death on May 1, 1794 as Pastor in Breitnau. From his work, described in detail by Liehl and von Thiessen, the new building of his church, the building of a school, a new tithe dispute and the fight against the elevation of Hinterzarten to his own parish are particularly noteworthy in chronological order. A restless project smith, he often offended not only the layman, but also the Bishop of Constance and the landlords. His “strength was due not least to the fact that in almost all his actions he knew that he was at one with his God, and even regarded it as his instrument. Whatever Magon did, whatever he planned, he always brought it into line with God's will. Magon's God was a very active God who intervened in worldly events and expressed his will, with whom the pastor was in lively communication during prayer. "

  • Carl Ludwig Magons grave
  • St. Johannes (Breitnau) jm30089.jpg
  • St. Johannes (Breitnau) jm30095.jpg
  • A lasting merit of Magons, starting in 1752, is the construction of the parish church that still exists today. He had to enforce it against the bitter resistance of his peasants, during which he found "a worship service that had already fallen apart, a general lukewarmness in the exercise of Christian virtue, a thick darkness in the knowledge of some truths, revealing soul and body perishable abuses" (see below).
  • From the materials left over from the church, Magon had a small school built in 1753, a “schuhl- und christen lehrhäuslein”. It was replaced by a building that was inaugurated in 1913 and since 2011 has been called the “Carl Ludwig Magon School”.
  • In 1761 Magon tried to win the support of the bishop for an increase in the tithe amount to 500 florins; The pastor's income must, on principle, be higher than that of the rest of the residents, otherwise the “parish's most necessary respect” would suffer. After five years of tough negotiations - Magon it had to do with three landlords, the Sickingern, the Pfirtern and Prince Bergern - they agreed on 460 fl to 100. Sester oats did without Stolgebühren and the obligation for each dead three requiem masses to read. The episcopal approval was granted on January 12, 1778.
  • The Hinterzarten chaplains were financially very poor. They had no choice but to manage their parish with their own strength and their own cattle . Gallus Hirt (* 1717), chaplain from 1758 to 1777, is the first to report striving for independence. After his death, Magon burned most of the manuscript estate, including perhaps documents that would have restricted the pastor in his own responsibilities. The guerrilla war continued with Hirt's successors. Perhaps it contributed to Magon's lack of understanding of the difficult situation in Hinterzarten that he had not been a chaplain there like many of his predecessors. It was not until 1799, five years after Magon's death, under his successor Dominik Herr, that Hinterzarten and the St. Oswald branch were separated from Breitnau. The first pastor in Hinterzarten was Joseph Strobelt (* 1747), previously, from 1786 to 1799, chaplain there. He stayed in Hinterzarten until 1803.

Dominik Herr

Dominik Herr (1757–1818), who had a doctorate in theology, had also tried in vain to improve the parish organization as a chaplain in Hinterzarten from 1782 to 1786. His core beliefs had little in common with his predecessor. The constant transcending of Magons was alien to him. His God let creation take its course and “did not consider it necessary to constantly intervene in the events of the world or to strengthen village pastors in their church building projects. The Lord God had created a reasonable order and the 'parishioners' had to respect it ”. In practical pastoral care, with regard to the duty of obedience and church discipline, the difference between the post-Tridentine Magon and Dominik Herr, who was close to the Catholic Enlightenment , was small. He denounced the Breitnau customs, which Magon believed to have abolished, such as the winter joint handicrafts of women in "Kunkelstuben", to which men also came and where Herrs was "fornication like sparrows" according to a sermon concept. Herr remained pastor in Breitnau until 1800. Later he was episcopal commissioner at the seminary in Meersburg .

Building history

The basement floors of the tower date from the time before Magon, probably the 13th century. In 1500 lightning burned most of the church. During the reconstruction, a new altar was created, of which a figure of the Evangelist John (today in the rectory) and the image of the predelle with the beheading of John the Baptist have been preserved. The church was damaged in 1669 and during the skirmish in 1690, and the cemetery was destroyed in 1690. Magon found an, in his words, "too short, narrow, low, sooty and dusty, old church that was by no means respectable for the parishioners". Ferdinand von Sickingen liked his plan to replace her, but not the Breitnauer. They refused to do the coronation . “I can't afford to chuck it,” complains Magon, “how hard and bitter this holy and most necessary business was done for me by my parishioners.” Only an order from the manor moved the subjects to give in.

In 1752 the old church was torn down except for the tower, in 1753 a new one was built in a short time. The foundation stone was laid by Peter Glunk, Abbot of the St. Märgen Monastery . The builder was Joseph Hirschbühl from Lingenau in Vorarlberg , from 1738 in Freiburg († 1766). For the topping-out ceremony on July 10, 1753, Magon had benches and tables set up in the shell of the ship made of boards and entertained his around 700 guests with a fattened ox, a sheep, a calf, a "quantity of vegetables and cabbage", 100 loaves of bread and 9 seams of wine . The pastor sat in the choir with his assistant priests and the four bailiffs from Breitnau, Steig-Fahrenberg, Hinterzarten and Eckbach-Siedelbach. In September and October, Johann Sebastian Schilling (1722–1773), like Magon from Villingen, painted the ceiling frescoes. In 1754 the sculptor Josef Anton Hops (1720–1761) completed the side altars and the pulpit, while Georg Samuel Schilling (1695–1757), the father of Johann Sebastian, painted the side altars. In 1755 the cemetery wall was renewed. Magon wanted to replace the old high altar in 1766 for 600 florins from his own pocket; At the request of the Sickinger Baron, however, he used the money to raise the old tower. On September 2, 1775, the Constance Auxiliary Bishop Augustin von Hornstein (from 1768 to 1779 in Constance) inaugurated the church. It was not until 1779 that it received a new high altar with sculptures by Matthias Faller , whose son Johann Nepomuk presumably assisted.

Lightning struck in 1803 and 1853. In 1855 St. Johann Baptist was restored. In 1867, Benjamin Grüninger delivered a ring of four bells, three of which had to be given in as part of the metal donation during World War II . In 1872 the high altar was given a new painting by the Freiburg painter Kreszentia Stadler (1797–1884).

Major renovations were carried out in 1895 and from 1947 to 1953. In 1949 the Albert Junker bell foundry delivered four new bells. Another general renovation took place from 1976 to 1977 under Pastor Siegfried Merkel (* 1926). The present organ from Mönch & Prachtel came into the church. The sculptor Siegfried Haas from Rottweil (1921–2011) designed, among other things, a new celebration altar , an ambo and the door handles at the main entrance. Since then, damage has had to be repaired several times.

building

  • Layout

  • Inner direction east

  • Inner direction west

In the east, the rectangular nave with four axes of arched windows is connected to the polygonal closed choir. In front of its south side stands the square tower with the two medieval basement floors and Magon's elevation, framed on the sides by house stones , broken through on the south side by slotted windows. At the top, the dials of the clock and arched sound arcades structure the surfaces. The conclusion is a slightly inwardly curved pyramid roof with a gold-colored ball, cross and weather valve . The sacristy is nestled in the corner between the choir and the tower. Inside, a flat ceiling covers the ship over a hollow. A triad of colors from the pastel yellow of the walls, the white of the ceiling and the strong pink of the coving characterize the impression. Behind the round triumphal arch , stitch caps cut into the gentle arching of the choir over the windows. The gallery was lowered from 1976 to 1977. It is supported by two stone pillars from the church of the Lender home school in Sasbach .

Furnishing

Ceiling frescoes

Fresco in the ship
Fresco in the choir

Johann Sebastian Schilling's colors “shine as they did on the first day after the varnish was removed (1976).” The longitudinally oval painting in the ship shows Mary's assumption into heaven . God the Father and God's Son Jesus Christ float down on clouds while the Holy Spirit flies as a dove in the blue of the sky . The Trinity receives Mary dressed in white and blue. Below her kneel on clouds on the left John the Baptist with the Lamb , in the middle, the patron saint of the church, St. Sebastian with the arrows of his martyrdom, on the right St. King Louis IX. of France , namesake Carl Ludwig Magons. At the bottom of the picture, Schilling has placed the three churches of the parish next to one another in a mountain landscape. In the middle, St. Johann Baptist is raised above the other two, the tower before the elevation from 1766, with two rows of coupled arched windows as sound arcades and a saddle roof. On the left Maria in der Zarten wears the onion hood from 1732, on the right St. Oswald wears a pointed tower helmet.

The painting in the choir shows in a stuccoed quatrefoil the adoration of the Eucharist , symbolized by the red, by a halo surrounded Jesus monogram IHS .

High altar

Faller's high altar, ordered thirteen years earlier, did not enter the church until 1779. It resembles Faller's earlier altars, but the ornamentation is classically calm. Marbled in a bluish tinge , two pairs of columns and a pair of pilasters frame the altarpiece . Left and right are large white figures: on the left John the Baptist with the Lamb of God , as he called Jesus Christ according to the Gospel of John : "See, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world." ( Joh 1,29,36  EU ) ; right John the Evangelist with pen and book. Volute clasps rise to the upper part of the altar, which large and small angels enliven and which is crowned by a radiant sun in the middle. During the ecclesiastical Easter time, a figure of the risen Christ crowns the tabernacle on a cloud base , a "loosely standing, almost floating figure, with the left foot set back and the head raised [...] completely open to heavenly glory". Outside of Easter Faller's “ Johannes-Schüssel ” takes the place. “The two lovely putti of the tabernacle crown, holding the bowl with the dead head of the Baptist, are an exceptional piece of his carving art . Without a doubt, this group is one of Faller's most mature achievements. ”While the original main picture of the altar, painted by Johann Pfunner , was replaced in 1871, the upper picture comes from the previous altar, a Maria Immaculata .

  • High altar

  • overall view

  • tabernacle

  • Tabernacle Cross

  • Risen one

Side altars and celebration altar

Joseph Anton Hops' carvings on the side altars are typically Rococo . "The rocaille decorations on the antependium , predella and picture frame are among the most elegant and liveliest that Rococo has to offer in the German Southwest." The paintings were created by Georg Samuel Schilling, the father of the master of the ceiling paintings. On the left the main picture shows Mary's rosary donation to St. Dominic , in the upper picture St. Genoveva of Paris with her candle. On the right in the main picture the plague patron Sebastian is tied to a tree trunk. Below him, plague sufferers call for help. The upper picture with St. Wendelin was destroyed by lightning in 1855 and replaced by a painting on sheet metal with the same theme.

  • Side altars

  • Left side altar

  • Right side altar

  • Cross altar before the loss of the Pietà

The sculptures come from Radolfzell on Lake Constance and represent - apart from St. Jerome - the three Radolfzell town patrons, called the three "Radolfzell hosts" , after Hermann Theopont of Nicomedia, Zenon of Verona and Senesius. The figures came as a gift to the Breitnau parish. “They completely lack the elegance and agility of the Rococo period. In their almost strict axial alignment with the emphasis on the vertical in the posture, they point to the time before and around 1700, i.e. the high baroque. An art-historical classification is difficult. In any case, it is about Constance works ”- surprising Lake Constance art in the Black Forest. The artist is unknown.

Tomb of Helena Schnewlin von Landeck

The former cross altar has stood in a niche in the south wall of the nave since 1947 . Its center, a late medieval pietà , fell to the ground in December 2016 for unknown reasons and was badly damaged. Faller's tabernacle, canon tables and frames for six shields with the secrets of the rosary form a rococo frame around their former location .

The new celebratory altar by Siegfried Haas (1977), carved from the red sandstone of the Black Forest, grows out of the ground, as it were. “Its simple shape and size takes into account the old altars that already exist, without wanting to be anything like competition to them and without obstructing the view of the high altar. The semi-arches on its four sides take up the curve of the arching choir arch and complement it to form a full circle: heaven and earth become one in what is happening here. The shape of the ambo and sedilia takes up the curves and curves [...]. "

Other equipment of the choir

The choir arch cross, the Holy Spirit dove at his feet and God the Father above are works by Adam Winterhalder , Matthias Faller's teacher. The beard and main strands of hair of the crucified one are lovingly reproduced. The feet are nailed one above the other ( three-nail type ). “The loincloth shows a completely new shape, the right corner of which falls on the hip there, but the left corner is drawn diagonally across the lap and swirls there and ends in a roll. Here, too, we have the characteristic handwriting of Adam Winterhalder before us. "

Not visible from the nave, behind the triumphal arch in her epitaph Helena Schnewlin von Landeck turns to the former place of the cross altar. She was the daughter of Hans Jacob, the last Schnewlin from Landeck, with whom the male line died out.

“In the year 1603 on April 27th, the Edel, Ehrn and Thugentreich Jungfraw died, Helena Schnewlin von Landeckh, in the 46th year of her age, Weylandt des Edlen and Vesten Junckhern hand Jacoben Schnewlin von Landeckh blessed butter, So zu Freyburg in the Bahrfüeser Chor buried, whose dear souls may the Almighty God be gracious and merciful, amen. "

Helena stands almost life-size in a shallow niche, her hair falling long over her shoulder, in elegant Renaissance garb with a ruff and richly embroidered, narrow bodice. In the semicircular upper end, two putti turn to the IHS symbol of faith.

The old choir stalls, red marbled with green tendrils, have been framing the choir to the right and left since 1976. It was probably created after the war damage to the church in February 1690. On the left, on a console above the stalls, there is a figure of St. John Nepomuk , distinguished cleric with biretta , choir shirt and Mozetta , 178 cm tall, on the right a figure of St. Franz Xavier , 175 cm tall, as he baptizes a dark-skinned man , both Johann Schupp II attributed to the extensive Schupp family of artists from Villingen (according to Manfred Hermann) and both of them only reached Breitnau in the 19th century. A painting of the beheading of John the Baptist from around 1510 hangs above the stalls on the right. Like the three “landlords”, it could come from Radolfzell, because the hangman's robe shows the city colors typical of Radolfzell. At the bottom right, the founder kneels in the garb of a clergyman with the inscription: “S. Johannes Baptista / ora pro me. "(" St. Johann Baptist, pray for me ", a modification of" ora pro nobis ".)

  • Nepomuk

  • Choir stalls on the left

  • Choir stalls on the right

  • Beheading of the Baptist

  • Franz Xaver

pulpit

pulpit

Like the side altars created by Joseph Anton Hops, the pulpit is also similar in style. The staircase leads concealed through the north wall of the nave. The ornaments glow golden. In addition to the glittering rocailles and the white putti heads on the back wall, the only figurative ornament is the white and gold figure of Christ as world judge with the globe crowned by the cross in his left hand.

Bells

With the casts from 1867 ( Grüninger ; the smallest bell) and 1950 ( Junker ), St. Johann Baptist has five bells. They are tuned to the notes e ′ +1, g sharp ′ +1, h ′ +1, c sharp ′ ′ +1 and dis ′ ′ −6.

Appreciation

According to Manfred Hermann, the works of the Villingen painters and sculptors are particularly remarkable. “Nowhere else can we get to know the elegant rococo ornamentation of Josef Anton Hop so thoroughly as here. [...] The collaboration between the two Faller sculptors on the high altar can hardly be studied as thoroughly as in Breitnau. With the two Johannes sculptures and the Johannes bowl, Matthias Faller created cabinet pieces. The Breitnau high altar from 1779 is the last in a long series of altar structures by his hand. Just after the last restoration, the church regained its excellent place among the rural churches of the Black Forest. "

literature

  • Hermann Brommer: Parish and pilgrimage church Maria in the tender Hinterzarten. 2nd Edition. Schnell & Steiner, Munich / Zurich 1988.
  • Hermann Brommer (Ed.): Hinterzarten and the Black Forest two centuries ago. The chronicle of Pastor Vincenz Zahn (= Hinterzartener Schriften. Volume 1). Hinterzarten municipality 1993, ISBN 3-9803628-1-7 .
  • Manfred Hermann: Parish Church of St. Johannes Bapt., Breitnau in the Black Forest (=  Small Art Guide . Volume 1146 ). Schnell & Steiner, Munich / Zurich 1979, OCLC 614263304 .
  • Manfred Hermann: Parish Church of St. Johannes Baptist, Breitnau in the Black Forest . Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-89870-496-0 (photos by Erwin Reiter).
  • Franz Xaver Kraus : Breitnau . In: Max Wingenroth (Ed.): The art monuments of the districts of Breisach, Emmendingen, Ettenheim, Freiburg (Land), Neustadt, Staufen and Waldkirch (Freiburg Land district) (= Franz Xaver Kraus [Ed.]: The art monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden. descriptive statistics . band 6 ). tape 1 . JCB Mohr (P. Siebeck), Tübingen / Leipzig 1904, OCLC 56824378 , p. 284 f . ( uni-heidelberg.de ).
  • Baden-Württemberg State Archives : Breitnau. Regional studies online Baden-Württemberg. In: leo-bw.de, GND 4008123-0 .
  • Ekkehard Liehl: St. Oswald in Höllental and the establishment of the Hinterzarten parish in the 18th century. In: Alemannisches Jahrbuch . 1957, pp. 273-296.
  • Bernhard Mangei: Formation of rule by royalty, church and nobility between the Upper Rhine and the Black Forest . Investigations into the history of the Zartener Basin from the Merovingian to the Salic period. Freiburg (Breisgau) 2003, DNB  971493472 , urn : nbn: de: bsz: 25-opus-12950 ( uni-freiburg.de [PDF; 3.3 MB ; accessed on July 3, 2017] Freiburg [Breisgau], Univ., Diss., 2004).
  • Hillard von Thiessen: “Parishioners”, priests and patrons. A history of pastoral care in the Breitnau parish up to the end of the 18th century. In: Helmuth Schubert (Ed.): St. Oswald im Höllental. Festschrift for the 850th anniversary of the chapel. Verlag Stadler, Konstanz 1998, ISBN 3-7977-0397-X , pp. 195–241.
  • Joachim Wollasch : Questions about the founding of St. Oswald in Höllental. In: Helmuth Schubert (Ed.): St. Oswald im Höllental. Festschrift for the 850th anniversary of the chapel. Verlag Stadler, Konstanz 1998, ISBN 3-7977-0397-X , pp. 11-25. Reprinted in: Joachim Wollasch: Ways to Research the Culture of Remembrance. Selected essays. Aschendorff Verlag , Münster 2011, ISBN 978-3-402-10385-2 , pp. 543-558.
  • Dagmar Zimdars (Ed.): Georg Dehio, Handbook of the German Art Monuments Baden-Württemberg II. German Art Publishing House , Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-422-03030-1 .

Web links

References and comments

  1. ↑ Height information according to von Thiessen 1998, p. 197.
  2. ↑ Wollasch 1998.
  3. ^ L. Werkmann: Two documents about the St. Oswalds Chapel in Höllenthal. In: Freiburg Diocesan Archive. Vol. 5, 1870, pp. 359-361 ( PDF; 48.0 MB ).
  4. ↑ Liehl 1957, p. 275.
  5. ↑ Liehl 1957, p. 276.
  6. ↑ von Thiessen on the website of the University of Rostock .
  7. ↑ Brommer 1988; by Thiessen 1998.
  8. ↑ Hermann 2008, p. 1.
  9. ^ W. Haid: Liber decimationis cleri constanciensis per Papa de anno 1275. In: Freiburg Diocesan Archive. Vol. 1, 1865, pp. 1–304, here p. 208 ( PDF; 25.8 MB ).
  10. ^ W. Haid: Liber taxationis ecclesiarum et beneficiorum in diocesi Constantiensi de anno 1353. In: Freiburg Diocesan Archive. Vol. 5, 1870, pp. 1–118, here p. 89 ( PDF; 48.0 MB ).
  11. ↑ Mangei 2003, p. 192.
  12. ↑ von Thiessen 1998, p. 210.
  13. ↑ von Thiessen 1998, pp. 198-199. About the Fürstenberg area in Landeskunde online Baden-Württemberg: "There were also a number of Fürstenberg serfs (1484) who belonged to the Vogtei Neustadt." Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg : Breitnau. Regional studies online Baden-Württemberg. In: leo-bw.de, accessed on May 31, 2017, GND 4008123-0 .
  14. ↑ von Thiessen 1998, p. 200.
  15. ↑ von Theissen 1998, p. 201.
  16. ↑ von Thiessen 1998, p. 217. The Hinterzarten chaplain said that the pastor “is not worthy of dealing with the Holy Sacraments”. Pastor Schaffner then accused the chaplain of having a relationship with his cook. She, in turn, replied that if the pastor was right, "that she is trying with Chaplain Huoreren, the pastor should do the same with his sister".
  17. ↑ von Thiessen 1998, p. 219.
  18. ↑ Hermann 2008, p. 2.
  19. ↑ von Thiessen 1998, p. 223.
  20. ↑ von Thiessen 1998, p. 195.
  21. ↑ von Thiessen 1998, p. 239.
  22. ↑ Dieter Maurer: The school building is 100 years old. In: Badische Zeitung . October 24, 2012, accessed May 23, 2017.
  23. ↑ von Thiessen 1998, p. 226.
  24. ↑ von Thiessen 1998, p. 231.
  25. ↑ Liehl 1957, p. 278.
  26. ↑ Brommer 1993, pp. 333-335.
  27. ↑ von Thiessen 1998, p. 237.
  28. ↑ von Thiessen 1998, p. 238.
  29. ↑ Brommer 1993, p. 334. Among Herr's successors was a great-nephew of Carl Ludwig Magons, Franz Benedikt Magon, pastor in Breitnau from 1822 to 1829. Liehl 1957, p. 294.
  30. ↑ Liehl 1957, p. 281.
  31. ↑ von Thiessen 1998, p. 225.
  32. ↑ In 1756 he built the former Archbishop's Palace on Freiburg Münsterplatz according to plans by the Basel architect Johann Jacob Fechter and, according to his own plans, the St. Gallus parish church in Merzhausen from 1959 to 1760 . So Hermann 2008, p. 26. The information is consistent with Norbert Liehl: Die Vorarlberger Barockbaumeister. 3., completely reworked. and exp. Edition. Schnell & Steiner, Munich / Zurich 1976, ISBN 3-7954-0410-X , p. 96. Lieb lists eight master builders named “Hirschbühl”, the Breitnauer master as “Josef Hirschbühl I”.
  33. ↑ von Thiessen 1998, p. 225. Von Thiessen comments: "This list reads like an enumeration of what secular authorities had sought to restrict through police regulations since the end of the Middle Ages."
  34. ^ To Schilling and Hops: History and local history association Villingen: Directory of Villingen artists and artisans. In: ghv-villingen.de, November 16, 2015, accessed on May 23, 2017.
  35. ↑ Hermann 2008, p. 14.
  36. ↑ Armin Schulz: Human dignity is inviolable. In: Black Forest Messenger . April 11, 2011. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
  37. ↑ Hermann 2008, p. 12.
  38. ↑ Hermann 2008, p. 25.
  39. ↑ Hermann 2008, p. 15.
  40. ↑ a b c Hermann 2008, p. 18.
  41. ^ Joachim Schäfer : Theopompus. In: Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon , accessed on May 23, 2017.
  42. ^ Joachim Schäfer: Zeno of Verona. In: Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon , accessed on May 23, 2017
  43. ^ Joachim Schäfer: Synesius. In: Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon , accessed on May 23, 2017.
  44. ↑ Hermann 2008, p. 19.
  45. ↑ Manfred Hermann: To the Black Forest sculptors Winterhalder in Neukirch and Vöhrenbach. In: Bernd Mathias Kremer (ed.): Art and spiritual culture on the Upper Rhine. Festschrift for Hermann Brommer on his 70th birthday. Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg 1996, ISBN 3-931820-01-7 , pp. 61–83.
  46. ^ Private website about the Schupp family. In: thomas-schupp.de, accessed on July 3, 2017.
  47. ↑ Hermann 2008, p. 20.
  48. ^ Archdiocese of Freiburg: Search for the bell. Catholic parish church St. Johann Baptist in Breitnau. In: ebfr-glocken.de, accessed on May 23, 2017.
  49. ↑ Hermann 2008, p. 28.