St. Kastulus (Moosburg an der Isar)
| Minster St. Kastulus
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| Denomination : | Roman Catholic |
| Patronage : | Holy Castulus and Mary |
| Rank: | Muenster |
| Pastor : | GR Reinhold Föckersperger |
| Parish : | City parish of St. Kastulus Moosburg on the Isar |
| Address: | On the plan 6, 85368 Moosburg |
Coordinates: 48 ° 28 '7.4 " N , 11 ° 56" 12.8 " E
The Minster St. Kastulus , also Kastulusmünster , Minster Moosburg , formerly also St. Castulus , in Moosburg on the Isar in Upper Bavaria is the main church of the Catholic parish of St. Kastulus.
The patron saints of the cathedral are the Mother of God Mary and St. Castulus in a double patronage .
With the high altar by the Landshut sculptor Hans Leinberger , the Kastulusmünster houses one of his masterpieces, which was created in old Bavaria at the transition from the late Gothic to the Renaissance .
history
The history of Moosburg Monastery goes back to the time of Christianization . In the second half of the 8th century, probably between 764 and 772, the monks Albin and Rhenobot brought the bones of St. Castulus from Rome to Moosburg to the local Benedictine monastery . This monastery was responsible for the missionary work of the Holzland and Hallertau . The area of the County of Moosburg included approximately the northern part of today's Freising district . This made the holy Castulus the patron saint of Hallertau and the patron saint of Moosburg. The relics of this Roman martyr of the 3rd / 4th centuries Century have had a lasting influence on the history and importance of the village and the Moosburg monastery.
For centuries, the year 827 was mistakenly regarded as the date of the translatio ("transferring the relics"). In 1927 the festival "1,100 years of Kastulus" was celebrated in Moosburg, for which around 20,000 believers came together.
Since the relics were transferred, the Moosburg Church has been consecrated not only to Maria but also to Saint Castulus.
A document dated June 24th, 754 , in which Count Timo von Thulbach stated that he wanted to build a new, larger church instead of the old Johanneskirche and donate it to the bishopric of Freising . This is probably the first mention of the Johanneskirche in Moosburg.
The existence of the monastery is attested by documentary mentions of its first abbot Reginbert von Moosburg in the late 8th and early 9th centuries. Nothing is known about the exact time of the founding of the monastery (probably around 764/770) and the presumably noble donors . In the year 829 the existence of an abbot in Moosburg is documented for the last time with Sigimot von Moosburg .
When the Bavarian Duke and East Franconian King Arnulf of Carinthia gave Moosburg as an own monastery to the Freising Bishop Waldo von Freising in 895, secular canons (secular canons ) probably already lived here instead of monks . The conversion of the monastery into a collegiate monastery is usually dated to the time of the Freising Bishop Egilbert von Moosburg around the year 1021, when Heinrich II was East Franconian king and Roman-German emperor.
Bishop Egilbert called the remaining Benedictine monks to Freising to the Weihenstephan Monastery , where today's Bayerische Staatsbrauerei Weihenstephan was founded around 1040 .
During the Hungarian wars , the town and monastery of Moosburg were also affected. Around 910 a large part of Moosburg was destroyed by arson by the Magyars .
In 1598, at the instigation of the Bavarian Duke Wilhelm V , the Collegiate Foundation Moosburg was transferred to the Collegiate Foundation St. Martin in Landshut, where it was abolished in 1803 as part of the secularization of Bavaria . In 1937, at the request of Cardinal Faulhaber , the old collegiate monastery was opened by Pope Pius XI. set up again in Landshut.
Capuchins moved into the Moosburg monastery building in 1699 and built a hospice there , which existed until 1802.
Building history
middle Ages
There are no reliable sources for the early architectural history of the church. However, it is known that under Vogt Burkard von Moosburg († 1120) parts of the minster collapsed and killed the dean and some churchgoers. In 2009, during excavations inside today's church, the remains of the foundations of a stone church with a slightly different orientation were uncovered (Building I). It was probably a single-nave hall church, which can, with caution, be dated to the Carolingian period.
The presence of a large number of masons is attested to in 1171 . This suggests that a new church (building II) was being built at that time. This new church was probably funded by the Freising Bishop Albert I von Harthausen (1158–1184), as this is also depicted on the richly decorated west portal. A three-aisled basilica was built, about 18 meters wide and 40 meters long. The building material was tufa blocks. Parts of the west facade, the outer wall of the north aisle and the so-called Adalbert portal have been preserved from this church from the late 12th century.
In 1207 a fire destroyed the castle of the Counts of Moosburg, which was in the immediate vicinity of the Kastulusmünster. Part of the minster also burned down. Thereupon the place around the church was leveled ("made plan"). The current name of the square “Auf dem Plan” refers to this event.
The three-aisled brick basilica (building III), which is largely preserved today, dates back to the reconstruction of this period and has been widened 6 meters to the south compared to the previous building. The church tower was also built at that time, which was given a new roof at the end of the 19th century - based on the towers of Freising Cathedral . At that time, the west portal from Building II, dating from around 1180, was moved so that it was now in the central axis of the new building.
In 1468 a new choir with rib vaults and large windows was built in the east, the cornerstone of which was laid by Duke Ludwig der Reiche von Bayern-Landshut (inscription on the outside of the choir), a Seitz is named as the builder. Probably towards the end of the 15th century the west gallery was built over a two-bay vault.
At the beginning of the 16th century the side aisles and the Ursulakapelle located on the south side aisle were vaulted, which is the former burial place of the Counts of Moosburg.
Modern times
When the old high altar was demolished, the bones of St. Castulus were found, which were reburied in the new altar designed by Hans Leinberger from 1511 to 1514.
With the relocation of the monastery to Landshut, the design of the minster - apart from some repair work - came to a standstill.
After a fire in 1705, the cathedral was largely redesigned in the Baroque style . The windows were rebuilt, the interior was given new equipment and the floor and pews were renewed.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the cloister, which was unusually in the northern part of the minster, and the Marienkapelle in the northeastern part were demolished. The vestibule of the west portal and some baroque additions also fell victim to secularization.
During an extensive restoration between 1862 and 1874, which cost 48,000 guilders , the entire baroque furnishings of the church and the baroque church windows were removed in the course of historicism and neo- Romanesque and neo-Gothic elements were added in their place . The pulpit commissioned in a Landshut workshop also dates from this period. In addition, the previous pyramid roof of the cathedral tower was adapted.
Modern
In 1927 the minster from Oettingen received a new organ and also a replacement for the bells that were partially melted down during the First World War , which, however, had to be given back in 1942 for armament purposes. It was not until 1954 that today's seven bells found their place in the belfry of the cathedral tower.
The interior was renovated in 1937/38 and 1971/72.
In 2013 the altar area including the people's altar and ambo was redesigned.
Exterior construction
The exterior of St. Kastulus shows two style phases. The Romanesque nave has twelve identical arched windows, while the high choir is clearly influenced by the late Gothic and dominates the central nave . In contrast to the nave, the brick building of the high choir is completely unplastered.
To the west stands the 50 meter high Romanesque tower, which is unusually richly structured for the old Bavarian style of the time. In 1862 gable and spire of the modeled after the towers Freising Domes changed.
Below the tower is the Romanesque, richly decorated main portal from the early 13th century with the illustration of church patrons, emperor and bishop and the inscription:
- “This magnificent house of God brings you, Castulus, the happy bishop to whom you may be a mighty protection. The king be gracious to him, too, who bestows you with the splendor that has been withdrawn from you for so long. "
Ursulakapelle
You descend three steps to the Ursula's chapel, which is consecrated to St. Ursula and is located outside the south aisle of the minster. The low, single-nave extension has a small polygonal chancel and only a few rows of pews and is probably the oldest part of the minster.
The building, which was originally used as a castle chapel , is said to date back to the 8th century, although a corresponding documentary evidence was first handed down from 1139. The chapel already existed before the arrival of the relics of St. Castulus in Moosburg and was called "Leonhardikapelle" after St. Leonhard until the 13th century .
The main work of the chapel is a neo-Gothic altar with a wooden relief depicting the murder of St. Ursula. There is a baptismal font in front of the altarpiece .
Until July 2015 there was a late Gothic statue of the church patron Kastulus on the western wall of the chapel. Since then it has been in the southern entrance area. The figure was heavily revised in the 19th century so that its original appearance has been changed.
In the crypt of the Ursulakapelle was the burial place of the Counts of Moosburg, who lived in Moosburg until 1281 and were buried here under heavy stone slabs. The keystone of the chapel vault still shows the count's family coat of arms . In 1020 the deceased Pilgrim von Moosburg , father of Freising Bishop Egilbert von Moosburg , was buried here.
On August 19, 1281, the last Count of Moosburg died with Konrad IV, the younger . After the noble family died out , the village of Moosburg was allowed to take over their coat of arms. For their support of Ludwig IV of Bavaria and their bravery in the Battle of Gammelsdorf on November 9, 1313, the community of Moosburg was awarded the three roses from the coat of arms of the extinct family of counts.
inner space
The interior of the Kastulus Minster resembles a three-aisled pillar basilica of the Romanesque in a kind of old Bavarian-Alpine style. A special feature is the flat-roofed central nave, which contrasts with the side aisles, which are covered with star rib vaults. In the east the nave opens into a round triumphal arch to the late Gothic choir . This indicated octagon is 5/8 closed and has two high windows on both sides of the altar. The ribbed vault in the high choir , which again contrasts with the flat-roofed central nave, is striking . Presumably the central nave was not vaulted due to lack of money. The nave has twelve arched arcades on both sides and, as in many other points, represents the number symbolism. In the west is a late Gothic gallery , which shows frescoes from 1573 and carries the organ , consecrated in 1974 . This gallery creates a kind of vestibule, under which there is also space for a number of rows of seats.
Furnishing
Central nave
A richly decorated neo-Gothic pulpit by the Landshut artist P. Weiß from 1856 adorns the left side of the central nave. Opposite her hangs a life-size crucifix by Hans Leinberger. The pews from 1749 have carved ornaments on their front sides.
Aisles
On the end wall of the left north aisle there is a larger than life crucifix by Hans Leinberger with a statue of the Virgin Mary from 1514. In the same aisle on the third pillar from the west, the sandstone relief of the canon Mornauer's pestilence is embedded. It is a work by Leinberger in the transition from the late Gothic to the Renaissance (around 1515). The gravestone of Sigmund Pucher († 1514) is located in the side apse of the south aisle. The red marble work is attributed to the Landshut sculptor Stephan Rottaler . At the east end of this side aisle, an arcade opening leads into the Ursulakapelle.
Choir stalls
The Moosburg choir stalls were built around the year 1475 . It is richly decorated and, along with the chairs in the Freising Cathedral and in the Landshut parish and collegiate church of St. Martin and Kastulus, represents the most important of its kind in the lower Isar valley . The oak carvings represent mythical creatures.
High altar
Main article: Leinberger Altar The high altar was commissioned from Landshut sculptor Hans Leinberger in 1511 as a donation from Provost Theoderich Mair (1486–1507), a son of the ducal councilor Martin Mair . Mair's epitaph is on the right wall of the choir .
In 1514 the altar shrine , which consists mostly of linden wood , was completed. The painter Hans Wertinger has Wolfgang (* 1451; † 1514), the brother of the Bavarian Duke Albrecht IV. , With his three sons on the two door leaves that close the niche with the (remaining) reliquary of the church patron in the predella Wilhelm IV. , Ludwig and Ernst and on the right provost Theoderich Mair and the Moosburg Canons in their traditional costume with fur cloaks.
The high altar also has four wooden reliefs showing the martyrdom of St. Castulus.
In the center of the altar are the church patrons Castulus and Mary, on top you can see Jesus on the cross , flanked as usual by Mary and John .
The statue of St. Sebastian, created around 1510 by the master von Rabenden , has stood next to the altar since 1972 .
People's Altar
After the Second Vatican Council , an altar area with a wooden folk altar was set up between the pews and the choir stalls in order to do justice to the new liturgical design. A converted Gothic writing desk was used as an ambo. In 2013 the sanctuary was redesigned. Since then the altar island has been made of Spanish sandstone . The main altar and ambo were created by the Moosburg stonemason Manfred Kozel from Croatian , beige limestone . The altar, which weighs four tons, has seven narrow openings pierced with golden metal discs, which are intended to remind of the number of the sacraments and the connection between the earthly and the heavenly. The martyrdom of St. Castulus is said to be represented by the stone ribs leading downwards. In the stone block is the sepulcrum , into which the relics of Saint Castulus and Blessed Otto von Freising were placed during the consecration of the altar on November 3, 2013 by Archbishop Reinhard Cardinal Marx .
organ
The organ of the Kastulus Minster was built in 1974 by Guido Nenninger . The slider chest instrument with mechanical performance and electrical stop action comprises a total of 39 stops on three manuals and pedal . The disposition is as follows:
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- Coupling : I / II, I / III, II / III, I / P, II / P, III / P
- Playing aid : 4 free combinations
Peal
In the last days of June 1917, four of the seven bells from the Kastulusmünster were removed for war purposes and melted down. However, a new bell could be raised in time for the Kastulus Festival in February 1927. But already in 1942 four bells were removed again and their material was used for war purposes. In June 1954, the cathedral received five new bells in addition to the two remaining bells.
| No. | Surname | Casting year | Foundry, casting location | Weight in kg |
Diameter in cm |
Chime |
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| 1 | Kastulus Bell | 1954 | Karl Czudnochowsky , Erding | 2400 | 168 | a 0 |
| 2 | Marienbell | 1954 | Karl Czudnochowsky , Erding | 1400 | 140 | c 1 |
| 3 | Sacred Heart Bell | 1954 | Karl Czudnochowsky , Erding | 1000 | 126 | d 1 |
| 4th | Striker | 1682 | nV | 900 | 115 | f 1 |
| 5 | Joseph Bell | 1954 | Karl Czudnochowsky , Erding | 550 | 95 | g 1 |
| 6th | Theresienglocke | 1954 | Karl Czudnochowsky , Erding | 350 | 84 | a 1 |
| 7th | Elferin | 1539 | nV | 310 | 84 | c 2 |
literature
- Martina Ausermeier, Christoph Hentschel: Kastulusmünster Moosburg , Kunstverlag Josef Fink , Lindenberg 2016.
- Rudolf Heinz, Dominik Reither (Eds.): Architecture & Art in Moosburg ad Isar , Verlag Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2005.
- Mathias Hensch : Archaeological studies in and around the former collegiate church St. Kastulus in Moosburg, Freising district , Archeology in the Freising district, Freising 2011, pp. 87–114.
Web links
- Parish Church of St. Kastulus in Moosburg Website of the parish of St. Kastulus
- History of the parish church of St. Kastulus in Moosburg ( memento from December 31, 2013 in the Internet archive ) on the website of the parish of St. Kastulus (Internet archive partially without pictures)
- Parish Church of St. Kastulus in Moosburg on the website of the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising
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Moosburg , basic data and history:
Christine Riedl-Valder: Moosburg, Kollegiatstift St. Kastulus - art-loving canons in the database of monasteries in Bavaria in the House of Bavarian History
Individual evidence
- ↑ M. Hensch: Archaeological investigations in and around St. Kastulus in Moosburg , 2011, p. 91ff.
- ↑ M. Hensch: Archaeological investigations in and around St. Kastulus in Moosburg , 2011, p. 97ff.
- ↑ M. Hensch: Archaeological investigations in and around St. Kastulus in Moosburg 2011, pp. 103-106.
- ↑ Markus John: Information publication Kastulusmünster closed until the end of October due to the redesign of the altar area , September 1, 2013.
- ^ Moosburger Zeitung: Altar consecration with festival service. Edition of October 31, 2013, page 15.
- ^ Moosburg an der Isar, Germany (Bavaria) - Kastulusmünster (Sankt Kastuluskirche) . Online at orgbase.nl; accessed on January 23, 2017.