Sudan People's Armed Forces

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SudanSudan Sudan People's Armed Forces
guide
Commander in Chief :
Military strength
Active soldiers: 104,500 (2005)
Conscription: 2 years (men only)
Eligibility for military service: 18th
household
Military budget: $ 1.8 billion (2017)
Share of gross domestic product : 7.0% (2017)
history
Founding: 1990
Sudanese military helicopter Mil Mi-24 and tanks at Khartoum airport 2006

The Sudan People's Armed Forces or People's Army of Sudan ( Arabic القوات المسلحة السودانية, DMG al-Quwwāt al-musallaḥa as-sūdāniyya ) are the military of Sudan . There is a two-year conscription for all men between the ages of 18 and 30 years. The armed forces consist of the armed forces army , air force and navy ; there are also numerous paramilitary units. Since Sudan has been ruled by a military government since 1989 , the armed forces have great influence in the national economy and politics. Traditionally, the military in Sudan is a formative force that draws its tradition from the at times successful Mahdi uprising in the 19th century. The armed forces of Sudan are internationally notorious and ostracized by many countries for the numerous human rights violations they are accused of.

The People's Army of Sudan receives military aid mainly from the People's Republic of China and Saudi Arabia, as well as from Russia and Belarus . The close partnership with Iran until then was given up in 2015.

Economic sanctions from Western countries are in force against Sudan, since the country has been on the US list of countries supporting terrorism since 1993 ; this also affects armament purchases. In addition, because of the Darfur conflict, there is a UN arms embargo against Sudan for weapons that could be used in Darfur.

In 2017, spending on the army was around $ 1.8 billion, making it the largest item in Sudan's budget. In recent years there has been increased deployment of the army abroad, with the allegation in the room that Sudan is hiring out its soldiers as mercenaries . In 2012, Sudan is said to have received 2.2 billion US dollars for the deployment of its army in Yemen .

history

In 1925 the British established as a colonial power in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan , the Sudan Defense Force as the nucleus of the Sudanese military. Since Sudan's independence, which was proclaimed January 1, 1956, the military has played a decisive role in the country's politics. Today's Sudan People's Armed Forces were officially re-established in 1990 after a military coup in 1989 and are under the President. General Omar al-Bashir has held this position since the military coup in 1989 .

The German Defense Minister Franz Josef Strauss (CSU) wanted to curb the influence of the then still young GDR in the countries of Africa. In 1961 he started German armaments aid for the SPAF and the pro-Western regime in Sudan. Heckler & Koch supplied 30,000 G3 assault rifles , several thousand MP5 submachine guns and HK21 machine guns . For this purpose, MG3 machine guns from Rheinmetall and Merceds trucks were delivered to Sudan. The Federal Republic sponsored the establishment of an ammunition factory through the federally owned Fritz Werner AG . Some of the weapons are still in use by the Sudanese army and also reappeared in the war in Yemen from 2015.

After decades of civil war in South Sudan from 1955 to 1972 and again from 1983 to 2005, the autonomous region of South Sudan was formed in 2005. On July 9, 2011, South Sudan gained independence. The declaration of independence was recognized by Sudan on July 8th. On February 4, 2012, the Sudanese President al-Bashir said that a war between the two states was possible. On February 11, the two states signed a non-aggression pact in Addis Ababa . However, new attacks are reported again and again. The United Nations and the US called for an end to the violence. On April 12, 2012, the Sudanese government announced that it would break off all negotiations with “the enemy” and decided on general mobilization. Since then there have been minor arguments again and again. With the exception of the status of the controversial Abyei, the conflicts have been resolved in recent years . In the course of the unrest in South Sudan, negotiations began again with Sudan, in which al-Bashir proposed the formation of joint army units.

In 2019, the army deposed long-time President and Commander-in-Chief Umar al-Bashir and took over the leadership of the state itself, according to its own statements for a two-year transition phase.

Calls

structure

The mass of the SPAF comprises 14 brigades (12 infantry , as well as one mechanized and one airborne brigade ) and forms 6/7 infantry and one armored division . They are stationed in the five defense areas of Khartoum (Khartoum), Khashm al Quirbah (eastern region), al-Faschir (western region / Darfur), Shandi (northern region), Port Sudan (Red Sea). A 6th Infantry Division was stationed in South Sudan and formed the defense area in Juba . This division was reorganized in Darfur in the course of the Darfur conflict and is now stationed in al-Faschir . Another infantry division was newly formed in Darfur and is stationed in Nyala . Two tank brigades and a reconnaissance battalion make up the 7th Panzer Division stationed in Khartoum .

  • 1st Infantry Division , al-Fashir / Darfur
  • 2nd Infantry Division , Khashm al Qirbah, Eastern Region
  • 3rd Infantry Division , North Sudan
  • 4th Infantry Division , Central Sudan
  • 5th Infantry Division , al-Ubayyid , Southern Region
  • 6th Infantry Division , al-Fashir / Darfur
  • 7th Armored Division , Khartoum
  • 16th Infantry Division , Nyala / Darfur

In addition, three to five brigades are stationed in Khartoum to form a mobile reserve . Furthermore, an unknown number of soldiers have been stationed in South Sudan again since 2014 , who, together with the armed forces of South Sudan , are supposed to protect the oil fields from the chaos of civil war . Since South Sudan's independence in 2011, oil production in South Sudan has been jointly managed by both countries, as the only pipeline from South Sudan leads to Port Sudan and the two countries are therefore economically dependent on each other.

On April 1, 2015, al-Bashir announced that Sudan would take part in the 2015/2016 military intervention in Yemen with 3 Sukhoi Su-24 bombers . In addition to aircraft, al-Bashir also stated that Sudan would also provide an infantry division if requested. The first ground troops finally reached Yemen in October 2015. Since then, an unknown number of Sudanese soldiers have been stationed in Yemen.

The Republican Guard are also subordinate to the Khartoum Defense Area . The military intelligence service reports directly to the SPAF General Staff . Also subordinate to the general staff are the five military area commands, independent army units and the combat troops. The army does not have its own command staff, but is subordinate to the General Staff of the SPAF. The Central Military Services are also subordinate to the General Staff. They take on leadership and support measures and fulfill their tasks by creating the basis (e.g. in the areas of recruiting young people, training, cost accounting, telecommunications) and support the troops through special departments (e.g. logistics, artillery, development of weapons and device).

Hongdu JL-8 of the Sudanese Air Force take off from Bur Sudan military airfield

In addition, the SPAF support tens of thousands of fighters irregular troops in the various conflicts, with the Janjawid ( Rapid Support Forces ) just becoming known. It is precisely these irregular armed forces in Sudan that are being held responsible for the worst war crimes in Darfur and South Sudan , such as mass executions , rape , displacement , the destruction of villages and ethnic cleansing .

education

When it comes to training, the SPAF is essentially based on the British and Egyptian models. Leading training centers are the Sudanese Military School in Wadi Sayedna, the Higher Military Academy and the Staff School in Omdurman . Troop schools are located in Karima (infantry) and Ash Shaajara (tanks). In addition, each corps has its own training center, for example the artillery school in Atbara . Each of the five military district commands is obliged to recruit the necessary young people from their own region.

Chinese support

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

Cooperation with the Sudan People's Republic of China has intensified in recent years despite the Darfur UN embargo. The then Chinese Defense Minister Cao Gangchuan confirmed in 2007 that he wanted to "deepen military relations between the two countries" in every area. Between 1985 and 1989, arms shipments totaled $ 50 million. After al-Bashir came to power in 1989, the volume was already 400 million US dollars in 1990. In 1991, China sold $ 300 million in arms to Sudan. In 1996 the volume was $ 200 million. Subsequently, the People's Republic, as a UN veto power, prevented a complete arms embargo against Sudan. Since then, China has been providing military support to Sudan on three levels. Through direct arms sales, as a supplier of military technology, and through proceeds from the oil income as a financier for further arms purchases from other countries. Overall, it can be observed that in recent years the Sudanese military has become one of the best-equipped armies in Africa, thanks to massive Chinese aid, alongside South Africa, Algeria and Egypt, and acts "like a copy of the People's Liberation Army". Due to the international criticism of the arms sales, the People's Republic of China helped the Sudan to build up a self-sufficient arms industry through technology transfer, which in turn can supply these Chinese weapon systems to other African countries. The sales bring urgently needed foreign currency to the partner Sudan and exonerate China from possible allegations of illegal arms deals or of circumventing arms embargoes. Come from China, inter alia, Type 96 , Type 59 , Type 63 Tank, Type 92 and Type 86 armored personnel carriers, WS-2 long-range, Type 81 - and Type 63 rocket launchers, Type 59-I-130-mm and Type 54-122- mm guns, HJ-8 and HJ-73D anti-tank missiles, HongYing-6 anti-aircraft missiles, Type 59 anti-aircraft guns, Guizhou JL-9 , Hongdu JL-8 , Chengdu J-7 and Shenyang J-6A fighter jets, Nanchang Q-5 fighter-bombers, Shaanxi Y -8 transport aircraft, Harbin Z-6 helicopters, Dongfeng trucks , QLZ87 grenade launchers, M99 Anti-Materiel Rifle , Type 69-1 anti- tank rifles, Type 80 machine guns, as well as Type 95 , Type 81 , Type 56 assault rifles, Type 56 carbines and QSZ-92 Pistols.

equipment

The exact number of people and material from the SPAF is difficult to answer from abroad. Since parts of the government have been charged with genocide, among other things, there is a UN arms embargo against the country, various states accuse Sudan of supporting terrorist organizations or rebel groups, Sudan does not publish any official figures on the strength of its army, the country has built a self-sufficient arms industry and the country suffers from internal conflict, only estimates can be made of the strength of the army. The strength of the army is likely to fluctuate due to the internal conflicts (for example in Darfur or Abyei) .

Sudan is suspected of possessing chemical weapons and having used them in Darfur.

vehicles

Type 85

Rocket launcher

"Taka" rocket launchers are often mounted on off-road vehicles or technicals and were used in Darfur.

artillery

Anti-tank weapons

Infantry weapons

Anti-aircraft weapons

S-75 "Dwina", 1985

Domestic arms industry

The Sudanese arms industry plays a special role in Sudan as well as in the region. The state arms company Military Industry Corporation is on the way to becoming the largest military armaments company in Africa . In recent years, the complex of the Yarmouk arms factory has expanded enormously. Thus, despite the Darfur UN embargo, Sudan can produce most of its weapons systems itself or manufacture spare parts and ammunition and is therefore largely self-sufficient militarily. In recent years there has been an increase in export activity.

Air Force

The air force owned (as of 2016) aircraft:

Sudanese Sukhoi Su-25

Helicopter:

There were twelve fighter aircraft of type Chengdu Fierce Dragon by the Pakistani Aviation Integrated Company (PAIC) ordered. In addition, Sudan has an unknown number of drones of the type Ababil .

Local production

Sudan is also trying to be as self-sufficient as possible in aviation technology and has begun producing domestic helicopters under the name “Safat 02”. Domestic production of Nanchang A-5 fighter bombers as well as Mil Mi-8 and Mi-24 helicopters is planned.

The Navy possessed 2004 on two coastal patrol boats Iranian origin ( Kadir (129) and Karari (130)), which in Marsa Gwayawi on the Red Sea are stationed. 14 river patrol boats are deployed on the Nile .

The national armaments company is the Military Industry Corporation .

Web links

Commons : Military of Sudan  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ [1]
  2. ^ Sudan, Saudi Arabia hold joint military discussions Sudan Tribune December 26, 2016
  3. ↑ Weapons from China and Russia stir up Darfur conflict, Amnesty Report, 2012
  4. ↑ Sudan gets $ 2.2B for joining Saudi Arabia, Qatar in Yemen war al-Monitor ( Memento from January 4, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ↑ andrea: The export of war . In: Greenpeace magazine . September 29, 2014 ( greenpeace-magazin.de [accessed November 29, 2018]).
  6. ^ Arms exports: Yemen's war and Germany's contribution . In: ZEIT ONLINE . ( zeit.de [accessed on November 29, 2018]).
  7. ↑ Sudan recognizes independence of the south , Die Zeit . July 9, 2011. 
  8. ↑ http://de.euronews.net/2012/02/04/sudan-ssehen-moleichen-krieg-mit-suedsudan/
  9. ↑ http://www.rp-online.de/politik/ausland/sudan-unterzeich-nicht-angriffspakt-1.2708656
  10. ↑ Archive link ( Memento from February 7, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  11. ↑ hala: The Cabinet decides retaliation to aggression by Government of Southern Sudan and Confirms confidence in the armed forces and other regular forces. Ministry of the Cabinet Affairs April 12, 2012, archived from the original February 7, 2013 ; accessed on April 14, 2012 (English).
  12. ↑ FAZ: Khartoum and Juba are considering joint units. In: FAZ.net . January 6, 2014, accessed October 13, 2018 .
  13. ^ Sudan militarily backs Libyan rebels
  14. ^ Sudan and S. Sudan agree to protect oilfields al Jazeera 2014
  15. ^ Sudanese planes pound Houthi targets in the Yemen Sudan Tribune April 1, 2015
  16. ↑ No Cubans in Syria, but Sudanese in Yemen Standard October 19, 2016
  17. ↑ Saudi Arabia's war with the Spiegel.online checkbook October 19, 2016
  18. ↑ Sudan sends ground troops to Yemen to boost Saudi-led coalition. Reuters October 18, 2016
  19. ↑ China's strategic partnership with Sudan. A threat to the international system? Barbara Farkas, 2010
  20. ↑ China sells arms to Sudan Sudan tribune, 2008
  21. ↑ http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/sid_EAFB02663422977C69F254A8AF706016/DE/Aussenpolitik/RegionaleSchwerpunkte/Afrika/Sudan/Darfur_node.html
  22. ↑ http://www.dw.de/afrikas-vergessener-konflikt-in-darfur/a-16664417
  23. ^ Louise Arbor: Crisis Intervention: In Sudan, all conflicts are interrelated. In: Zeit Online. March 7, 2014, accessed December 21, 2014 .
  24. ↑ Horand Knaup: Sudanese Province of South Kordofan: Africa's Forgotten War. In: Spiegel Online . March 24, 2012, accessed June 9, 2018 .
  25. ↑ Weapons of Mass Destruction: These countries can plunge the world into the apocalypse . www.businessinsider.de, January 18, 2017
  26. ^ Moderns Tanks for Sudan
  27. ↑ http://arabdefense.blogspot.de/2010/06/sudan-to-become-africas-largest.html
  28. ↑ http://sudantribune.com/spip.php?page=imprimable&id_article=25341
  29. ↑ http://theaviationist.com/2013/08/19/sudan-su-24/
  30. ↑ On the hunt for diamonds and uranium , Frankfurter Allgemeine January 14, 2019
  31. ^ Sudanese planes pound Houthi targets in Yemen , Sudantribune, April 1, 2015
  32. ↑ http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/10/22/us-sudan-darfur-jets-idUSTRE69L4ON20101022
  33. ↑ Archive link ( Memento from October 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  34. ↑ http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article25992
  35. ↑ http://www.nysun.com/foreign/us-widens-iran-sanctions-as-drone-is-reported/85655/
  36. ↑ http://www.mic.sd/idex/en/products/aviation
  37. ↑ http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/dubai-air-show/2011-11-12/safat-aviation-debuts-dubai-light-airplane-and-helicopter
  38. ^ Library of Congress Country Profile Sudan, December 2004 , p. 14
  39. ↑ FACTBOX-How Sudan and South Sudan shape up militarily. Thomson Reuters Foundation - Thu, April 19, 2012 (Engl.)