Tocco (noble family)

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Coat of arms of the Tocco delle Onde
Coat of arms of the Tocco delle Gang

The Tocco family (also de Tocco , di Tocco or de Tocchi , Greek Τόκκοι ) is a Neapolitan aristocratic family that appeared in the province of Benevento in what is now Campania in the first half of the 13th century .

origin

The origin of the family remains unclear due to the lack of documentation, although almost all authors of the past assume that it is of Germanic origin and suggest a legendary improbable royal Gothic or Longobard ancestry. It is more likely that the progenitor came to Italy with Friedrich II .

The Tocci, which was divided into two main branches: "Tocco delle Onde" and "Tocco delle Bande", belonged to the "great nobility" in Naples , where they belonged to the patriciate of the Seggi di Capuana and Nido.

Surname

The family name probably refers to the possession of the castle of Tocco Caudio in the province of Benevento in Campania.

The not always reliable " Family Tables for the History of European States " III, 594 show over a dozen people with the surname Tocco who lived in Naples and Melfi in the 13th and 14th centuries and in some cases have relationships with one another. Three generations of the Tocco family are represented in southern Italy in the 13th century as lords of Buonalbergo Castle . However, it is not known whether they were direct ancestors of the Tocco family, who later moved to the Ionian Islands .

The family name Tocci, famous among the Albanians of Calabria ( Arbëresh ), is reminiscent of the Tocco, who were not Albanians but in their areas in the east, which stretched between the 14th and 15th centuries from the Ionian Islands to the north-west of Greece and the coast the island of Peloponnese , had numerous Albanian subjects and soldiers. It is very likely that she and Leonardo III. Tocco fled to the Kingdom of Naples in 1479 .

history

During the last days of Emperor Frederick II's stay in Germany (between 1235 and 1237), a Guglielmo (Wilhelm) [di Tocco] is called. We also know that Guglielmo I († 1275) was " Cancelliere " of Emperor Frederick II in 1244 , owned some fiefs in Apulia and the castle of Tocco Caudio in the province of Benevento in Campania. The 1253 by Emperor Conrad IV. Received privilege to have the castle was in the Angevin time canceled (1266-1282).

Location of the Ionian Islands archipelago

The Tocci were loyal helpers to the Angiovinian monarchy in Naples, so they were very influential in the Ionian Islands in the 14th century .

Guglielmo II. Tocco

In 1294 Philip I , Prince of Taranto, received from his father Charles II of Anjou , King of Naples , the suzerainty over the Principality of Achaia , the Duchy of Athens and the Regnum Albaniae , the Angevin rights and claims to Thessaly and Romania and the Angiovinus Corfu and Buthroton possessions for an annual rate of "six velvet robes". 1330/31 Guglielmo II. Tocco is mentioned in the name of the House of Anjou as governor and Magister Massarius (administrator of the property) of Corfu.

Guglielmo's descendants ruled as Count Palatine of Kefalonia , Lords of Montemiletto and later also over parts of the despotate of Epirus .

Pietro II and Leonardo I Tocco

Pietra di Tocco with the ruins of the San Michele chapel and a farm

On November 3, 1347, Louis I of Hungary invaded the Kingdom of Naples to avenge his murdered brother. While Queen Joan I of Naples managed to flee Naples with her second husband Louis of Taranto and to seek refuge in Avignon , Ludwig's brother, Robert of Taranto (Prince of Taranto, Regnum Albaniae and Achaia , and titular emperor of Constantinople) became the older house of Anjou ) in Aversa and brought to Hungary in 1348 . Pietro and his brother Leonardo I borrowed money for the prince's release from captivity in Hungary. From a letter from Margherita von Taranto (sister of Robert and Ludwig von Taranto) of July 25, 1350 (?) It emerges that Pietro was sent to Hungary to negotiate the liberation of the prince.

When he was released in March 1352, the son of Guglielmo II. Tocco, Pietro II. , Who had worked “hard” on Robert's liberation, received, according to the privilege of 1353, the fiefs of Martina , Gualda (area of ​​Martina Franca) and Santa Maria della Vetrana (today Avetrana ) in the province of Taranto , Pomigliano d'Arco in the metropolitan city of Naples and some goods in Corfu. On September 26, 1353, his brother Leonardo I received the barony of Tocco , Vitulano , Casafolese and Pietra di Tocco near Tocco Caudio.

Palatine County of Kefalonia, Ithaca and Zakynthos (1388)

When Queen Johanna confirmed the privileges to Pietro II in 1364, he also became 1st Count of Martina. In Martina Franca there is still "Via Pietro del Tocco" today.

Robert, who wished to recapture the empire of Constantinople for his mother, Katharina von Valois-Courtenay , titular empress of Constantinople , went with the two Tocco brothers to Greece in 1353/54, where they succeeded in Corfu, Kefalonia , Zakynthos , Taking control of Ithaca , Arta , Vonitsa Fortress and other places on the mainland of Morea . Robert called himself Duke of Lefkada and made Leonardo I Tocco in 1357 1st Count Palatine of Kefalonia. While Leonhard stayed behind as captain general, Robert and Pietro II returned to Naples in 1364. Robert of Taranto died in Naples on September 17, 1364.

Leonhard was one of the ambassadors who went to Naples in 1374 to offer the Principality of Achaia to Queen Joan I after the death of Philip II of Taranto .

The Lords of Montemileto

Guglielmo III. , Son of Pietro II. Bought around 1383 from King Charles III.  the fiefdom of Montemiletto with Cerreto (today Contrada of Montemiletto) and Serra Montorio.

When he was suspected of having made secret agreements with Raimondo Orsini del Balzo , the 14th Prince of Taranto , in 1404 , he and his sons Algiasi I , Pietro III. and Leonardo imprisoned in Castel Capuano in Naples and released with the promise of being released, forced to sell his fiefdom. Immediately after the liberation in 1408, he went into exile with his cousin Carlo I , but died suddenly while traveling in Manfredonia.

Algiasi I died in 1461 in an unknown location. After 5 generations the line of Montemileto died out with Giambattista II. Tocco († will of November 21, 1631). The possession of Montemileto went to Carlo, cousin of Giambattista II, who was adopted by him in 1614.

The Count Palatine of Kefalonia

Leonardo I. Tocco

Agios Georgios Castle on Kefalonia

The 1st Count Palatine of Kefalonia and Zakynthos  from 1357 until his death in 1379 was Leonardo I , son of  Guglielmo Tocco , the governor of Corfu and his wife Margherita Orsini, the daughter of  Giovanni I Orsini , the Count Palatine of Kefalonia . Since Leonardo's mother was partial heir to  Zakynthos  , the latter was entitled to the dignity of the palatine count. Leonardo is considered to be the progenitor of the Tocco line of Achaia , which  ruled over the  Ionian Islands  and over parts of the despotate of Epirus until the second half of the 15th century  .

Robert of Taranto , Prince of Taranto , Regnum Albaniae and Achaia , as well as titular emperor of Constantinople from the older house of Anjou , wanted to recapture the kingdom of Constantinople for his mother, Catherine of Valois-Courtenay , titular empress of Constantinople. For this reason he went with the two Tocco brothers Pietro II and Leonardo I to Greece in 1353/54 , where they succeeded in Corfu, Kefalonia, Zakynthos, Ithaka , Arta Arta (Greece) , the Vonitsa fortress and other places to bring the mainland of Morea under their control. Robert called himself Duke of Lefkada and made Leonardo I Tocco in 1357 1st Count Palatine of Kefalonia.

Carlo I. Tocco

Inherited territories, permanent and temporary acquisitions by Carlo I. Tocco

When Leonardo I Tocco died in 1381, his underage son Carlo I became Count Palatine of Kefalonia and Zakynthos under the tutelage of his widowed mother Maddalena Buondelmonti and his uncle Esau Buondelmonti . Queen Joan I of Naples, ruler of the Angevin Empire in southern Italy since 1343, immediately recognized the inheritance.

Until 1385, after the death of Leonardo I, the Albanians developed a significant expansion force and occupied Naupaktos in 1376 or 1377 , the last city of the Anjou in this area. The Albanians also attacked Lefkada in an attempt to rob the island. In doing so, they not only threatened the Tocco, but also the trade routes of Venice . Although mother and son were Venetian citizens and thus had extensive rights in Venice, Maddalena regarded the Venetians no less as opponents than the Albanians. In 1383 they imposed high taxes on them when they passed Lefkada. When she turned to the Genoese, the sharp rivals of the Venetians, for help and also granted them privileges.

Carlo soon succeeded in solving the feudal ties to the Principality of Achaia with King Ladislaus of Naples , Johanna's successor since 1386 - if the Palatinate County of Kefalonia had previously been subordinate to the Principality of Achaia as a fief, it was from now on independent of Achaia and thus equally important. In 1399 Carlo I renounced Zakynthos in favor of his brother Leonardo, which was separated from the Pfalgraviate of Kefalonia as Paragium or Partagium. Together with his brother Leonardo II , Carlo I occupied Natolico, Angelokastron (since 2011 a district of Agrinio ) and Dragomeste in 1406, Jannina and Arta in 1418 . In the summer of 1407 the Clarentza brothers conquered mainland Greece, in 1411 Ioannina with only 100 men and in 1412 the army of the Tocco brothers was completely wiped out in the battle of Kranea (probably today's Kranë in the Qark Vlora , Albania ). In the summer / autumn of 1413 the brothers defeated Centurione II Zaccaria with Venetian help in a sea battle near Glarentza.

As the firstborn son, Carlo had the niece or granddaughter of Nikephoros I. Komnenos Dukas Angelos , 4th Despot of Epirus and Anna Paleologa Cantacuzena, through his mother Maddalena Buondelmonti and his paternal grandmother Margherita Orsini Angelo Dukas (* around 1300; † 1339), daughter of Nikephoros I. Komnenos Dukas Angelos , 4th Despot of Epirus and Anna Paleologa Cantacuzena of the Emperor Michael VIII a claim to the despotate Epirus. In the spring of 1415, Carlos brother Leonardo went to Mystras as an ambassador to the Byzantine emperor Manuele II. Palaiologos in order to defend his brother Carlo's title of despot . In April / May (or August) 1415 Leonardo was awarded the title and dignity of " Megas Kontostaulos and Catacuzeno " by the Byzantine Emperor Manuele II .

After completing his campaigns against the Albanians, Carlo had brought most of Epirus under his control. For the next eleven years Carlo ruled Epirus as despot, his residence being Ioannina. Since Carlo and his wife Francesca Acciaiuoli , daughter of the Duke of Athens , Nerio I Acciaiuoli , and Agnese Saraceno had no offspring, he declared Carlo II , son of his brother Leonardo, to be his heir as early as 1414 . In his will from 1429 his uncle Carlo I left him with Kefalonia, Ithaca , Zakynthos, Ioannina and Arta.

Significant members of the Tocco family

Lord of Tocco Caudio

  • Guglielmo I. Tocco

Governor of Corfu

Lord of Martina Franca, Santa Maria della Vetrana, Pomigliano d'Arco

  • Pietro II Tocco , from 1353 lord of Martina (Franca), Santa Maria della Vetrana (near Castellana Grotte), Pomigliano d'Arco; 1. Count of Martina from 1364

Lords of Montemiletto

Count Palatine of Kefalonia, Duke of Lefkada and Lord of Vonitsa and Tocco

  • Leonardo I. Tocco , from 1353 Lord of Tocco (Caudio); Count Palatine of Kefalonia 1357-1376; from 1362 Duke of Lefkada and Lord of Vonitsa; Son of Guglielmo II. Tocco

Count Palatine of Kefalonia and Despots of Epirus

  • Carlo I. Tocco , Duke of Lefkada, Count Palatine of Kefalonia 1376–1429, Despot of Romania ( Akarnania , Aetolia and Epirus from 1418–1429), son of Leonardus I.
  • Carlo II. Tocco , Count Palatine of Kefalonia and Despot of Arta 1429–1448, son of Leonardo II.
  • Leonardo III Tocco , last Count Palatine of Kefalonia and Despot of Arta 1448–1479, son of Carlos II.
  • Carlo III. Tocco, titular despot of Arta, son of Leonardo III. (The title "Despot of Arta" was carried by the descendants until the 17th century)

Count Palatine of Zakynthos

  • Leonardo II. Tocco , from 1399 Count Palatine of Zakynthos (split from Zakynthos as Paragium ), brother of Carlo I and father of Carlo II and Magdalena Tocco

Other people

  • Antonio Tocco († 1483), brother of Leonardo III, tried to recapture the Ionian Islands and was killed there
  • Magdalena Tocco, daughter of Leonardo II and sister of Carlo II. Tocco, wife of the last Byzantine emperor Constantine XI.
  • Ferrante Tocco, illegitimate son, Spanish ambassador to England
  • Terenzio Tocci (* 1880 in San Cosmo Albanese , Italy , † 1945 in Tirana , Albania ), Albanian politician of Italian-Albanian descent

progeny

  • Guglielmo I († 1275), Chancellor of Emperor Friedrich II; Lord of Tocco (Caudio) ⚭ NN
    • Enrico ( bl. 1275; † 1309), knight and royal captain
    • Rofiido († after 1277), judge of Melfi
    • Pietro I (bl. 1275; † September 22, 1335 in Naples ), notary in Melfi ⚭ 1. Pellegrina Malerba († after 1278), daughter of the knight Rogerio; ⚭ 2. Isabella († after 1330), daughter of Pandolfo Dentice (Neapolitan patrician) and Fiorella
      • Guglielmo II. (* Around 1280; † September 22 / November 1335), possible son from 1st marriage, governor of Corfu (around 1330-1335); ⚭ 1. before 1323 NN della Marra, daughter of Nicola della Marra, 2nd lord of Serino ( province of Avellino ) .; ⚭ 2. before 1311 Margherita Orsini Angelo Dukas (* around 1300; † 1339)
        • Nicoletto Tocco († April 18, 1347), Neapolitan patrician, abbot ; buried in the Tocco chapel dedicated to St. Aspreno in the Cathedral of Naples (to the right of the apse ). (Firstborn son)
        • Lodovico (Lisolo) († December 11, 1360), Neapolitan patrician, Seneschal of the Prince of Taranto; was in the service of Queen Joan I of Anjou in Greece and Italy. buried in the Tocco chapel dedicated to St. Aspreno in the Cathedral of Naples (to the right of the apse).
        • Pietro II (Petrillo) († after August 25, 1377), Neapolitan patrician, Seneschal of the Royal Hospice at the time of King Robert of Anjou ; received in 1353 Martina , Gualda (area of ​​Martina Franca) and Santa Maria della Vetrana (today Avetrana) in Apulia, Pomigliano d'Arco in Campania and some goods on the island of Corfu; from 1364 1st Count of Martina ⚭ 1st Covella Capece (or Giovanna d'Aversana?) († after 1340); ∞ 2nd before April 19, 1359 Isabella de Sabran († after 1378), daughter of Guglielmo (Count of Celano , governor of Abruzzo and Molise ) and Francesca the Count of Celano
          • Roberto († after August 25, 1377), Neapolitan patrician; by gift of his father he received on August 25, 1377 the land of Santa Maria dell'Avetrana and the fiefdom of Corfu.
          • Guglielmo III. (Gurello; † 1408 in Manfredonia ), Neapolitan patrician, 2nd Count of Martina, Lord of Pomigliano d'Arco, Casali in the Principality of Achaia and goods in Castel Morrone ; 1353 knight of the knightly order " Ordine del Nodo "; bought Montemiletto in 1383 ; suspected of having entered into secret agreements with Raimondo Orsini del Balzo, he was forced to sell his fiefdom; ⚭ 1. 1381 Caterina Cantelmo (+ after February 24, 1382 / before 1387), daughter of Giacomo, lord of Popoli and Alvito ; ⚭ 2. 1387 (marriage contract August 8, 1387) Costanza (called Costanzella) Filangieri , daughter of Giacomo (1st Count of Avellino ) and Giovanna Minutolo, the Neapolitan patrician of the Seggio di Capuana; ⚭ 3. Tocca Faraonia (or Faraone; + after 1408 / before 1434)
            • Pietro III († between January 12 and October 29, 1420), Neapolitan patrician ⚭ Lisula Minutolo (Troila, Zezola; † before January 29, 1450), daughter of Lisulo, lord of San Valentino.
            • Algiasi I. (Agesilao; † 1461), Neapolitan patrician, lord of Montemiletto and Montefusco and served the Anjou and the Aragonese; ⚭ 1425 Rita Barrile († after December 26, 1470), daughter of Giovanni, Neapolitan patrician of Seggio di Capuana
              • Nicolò (Cola) Maria († June 30, 1524), Neapolitan patrician, 3rd lord of Montemiletto and 2nd lord of Torre di Montefusco; ⚭ Diana Carafa (widow of Giacomo Carbone, lord of Paduli ), daughter of Diomede I, 1st Count of Maddaloni
                • Algiasi II. Tocco († May 17, 1530), 4th Lord of Montemiletto and 3rd Lord of Torre di Montefusco 1524/1530; ⚭ Giulia Caracciolo , daughter of Nicola Antonio Caracciolo, Neapolitan patrician and Maria Caracciolo
                  • Giambattista I. Tocco († after June 16, 1533/1535), 5th Lord of Montemiletto and 4th Lord of Torre di Montefusco from 1530; ⚭ Lucrezia Saraceno († after July 13, 1564) ⚭ Porzia Caracciolo, daughter of Marino 2nd Duke of Atripalda and Crisostoma Carafa of the Dukes of Andria
                    • Giovan Vincenzo († August 18, 1567), 6th Lord of Montemiletto from 1535, 1st Count of Montemiletto from January 1, 1567; ⚭ Zenobia Pignatelli († after November 30, 1567), daughter of Gian Giacomo, Neapolitan patrician and Porzia Accrocciamura
                      • Giambattista II (also Giovanni Battista; † will of November 21, 1631), 2nd Count of Montemiletto from 1567, 1st Prince of Montemiletto from December 5, 1608; In 1597 he bought the fiefdom of Montaperto (today a fraction of Montemileto) and in 1614 sold it to his cousin Carlo Tocco; Lord of Montefalcone 1601/1628. Adopted his cousin Carlo Tocco (July 11, 1592; † February 14, 1674), son of Giovanni († May 12, 1626 in Sicily ), who became 2nd Prince of Montemileto in 1632
                  • Beatrice († after 1561) ⚭ Cesare Beccadelli aua Bologna , Neapolitan patrician
                  • Lucrezia († after 1561)
                  • Ippolita († after 1561)
                • Giovanjacopo (* 1472; † July 7, 1520), apostolic protonotary from 1505
                • Achille († November 9, 1518), knight , served in the Neapolitan and French armies; ⚭ before May 22, 1494 Mattea Caracciolo, daughter of Tiberio, Neapolitan patrician and Sancia Sanseverino
                • Vincenzo
                • Sofia († after 1517) ⚭ before 1517 Francesco Boccapianola, Neapolitan patrician
              • Maria († unmarried after 1469/1480)
            • Leonardo († without leaving children after September 3, 1445), Neapolitan patrician; ⚭ a daughter of Muriki Spata (Albanian: Muriq Shpata), despot of Arta and Nerata, a woman from Serbia ; the couple had no children
            • Covella († between May 7, 1466 and April 28, 1469 in Montefredane ) ⚭ Giacomo del Balzo († April 22 / October 2, 1444), Lord of Specchia
              • Lucrezia
              • Raimondo
              • Caterina
              • Giovannella
              • Margherita
          • Angela († after May 8, 1418; uncertain parentage) ⚭ Tobia di Tocco (perhaps her cousin; † before May 8, 1418)
            • Giovannella di Tocco
        • Leonardo I († 1381), from 1353 Lord of Tocco (Caudio), Count Palatine of Kefalonia and Zakynthos (1357–1379), from 1362 Duke of Lefkada and Lord of Vonitsa ; Chamberlain in 1353 ⚭ Maddalena († after March 11, 1401), sister of Esau de 'Buondelmonti and daughter of Manente Buondelmonti and Lapa Acciaioli , regent of her children over Kefalonia and Zakynthos from 1381 to 1388.
          • Petronilla († 1410) ∞ 1. 1372 Nicolò II dalle Carceri († March 1383; murdered during a drive hunt on Naxos ), Duke of the archipelago (or Naxos), which included the islands of Naxos , Andros , Santorin and Milos in the Aegean Sea ; ⚭ 2nd after March 1383 Nicolò di Antonio Venier († September 30, 1422), Venetian patrician (without descendants)
          • Giovanna (* before May 28, 1374) ⚭ Enrico Ventimiglia , 7th Count of Geraci (invested in 1392), without descendants
          • Susanna (* before May 28, 1374; † before 1414) ⚭ 1395 approx. Nicola Ruffo (* 1359/1362; † 1434 in Calabria), 4th Count of Catanzaro and from October 18, 1390, 1st Marquis con Catanzaro
          • Carlo I (between May 28, 1374 and August 25, 1377 in Kefalonia (?); † July 4, 1429 in Ioannina ), Neapolitan patrician, Duke of Lefkada, Count Palatine of Kefalonia and Zakynthos (1381–1429), from 1418–1429 despot of Romania ( Akarnania , Aetolia and Epirus ); adopted the sons of his brother Leonardo II before 1414. ⚭ 1388 Francesca Acciaiuoli Signora of Megara and Sikyon (in 1430 she owned Lefkada and Vonizza with the title Vassilissa Romanorum ), daughter of the Duke of Athens , Nerio I Acciaiuoli , and Agnese Saraceno with which he had no offspring. Carlo had seven illegitimate children from women whose names were unknown.
            • Ercolo (Ercole; † after 1436) ⚭ 1414 approx. In Giannina Petronella Spata, daughter of Sgouros Bua Spata, lord of Angelokastron, Arta, Anatolico e Naupaktos
              • Carlo
              • Leonardo
            • Torno (Turno; † after December 10, 1436) ⚭ NN
              • Daughter (name unknown), ⚭ May 20, 1436 in Aranatium (Riniasa?) NN
            • Menuno (Memnone; † after 1449) ⚭ after October 1416 a daughter of Muriki Bua
              • Giovannetto († after 1436)
            • Triano (aka Rolando, Orlando; † after August 20, 1463) ⚭?
            • Daughter (name unknown; p . 1411/1416) ⚭ February 6, 1411 Carlo Marchesano
            • Daughter (name unknown; p. 1412/1414) ⚭ 1. 1412 Mūsā Çelebi († July 5, 1413, strangled in Çamurlu near Sofia on behalf of his brother Mehmet I ), secondary education of Bayezid I ; ⚭ 2. after 1413 Hamza Pascha, brother of Bayezid Pascha, Grand Wisir of Sultan Mehmet I.
            • Son (name unknown)
          • Leonardo II (between May 28, 1374 and August 25, 1377 in Kefalonia (?); † 1418 in Zakynthos), Neapolitan patrician
        • Riccardo († after 1324/1335), knight
        • Francesco († after 1335)
        • Margherita († after August 25, 1377), Basilian nun in the monastery of San Gregorio Armeno in Naples; was mentioned in the agreement of her brother Pietro II of August 25, 1377.
        • Caterina († after 1340), Basilian nun in the monastery of San Gregorio Armeno in Naples; together with her sister Zapartilla, she declared in an act dated February 9th (unknown year, perhaps 1383) that she had received two ounces from the executors of her brother Pietro.
        • Zappartilla, Basilian nun in the monastery of San Gregorio Armeno in Naples; together with her sister Caterina, she declared in an act dated February 9 (unknown year, perhaps 1383) that she had received two ounces from the executors of her brother Pietro.
        • Ciczula (probable daughter † August 18, 1353); ⚭ Matteo Tortello, Neapolitan patrician of the Seggio di Capuana, soldier.
      • Giovanni († after March 13, 1336), Neapolitan patrician
      • Francesco († March 13, 1336), Neapolitan patrician
      • Riccardo ( p . 1324/13 March 1336), Neapolitan patrician, knight
      • Roberto (p. 1335/1353), Neapolitan patrician, abbot

literature

  • Archivio di Stato di Napoli, Antonio Allocati (a cura di): Archivio privato di Tocco di Montemiletto . Rome 1978.
  • Blasius Altimarus: Memorie historiche di various famiglie nobili, cosí napoletane come forastiere . Giacomo Raillárd, Naples 1691 ( full text in the Google book search).
  • Carlo Borrelli: Vindex Neapolitanae Nobilitatis . Naples 1653, p. 94–95 ( full text in Google Book Search).
  • Romolo Caggese: Italia, 1313-1414 . Declino dell'impero e del papato e sviluppo degli stati nazionali. Garzanti, Milano 1980, p. 297-331 .
  • D. Cesare D'Engenio Caracciolo: Napoli Sacra . Ottavio Beltrano, Naples 1623 ( full text in the Google book search).
  • Carlo de Lellis: Discorsi delle famiglie nobili del Regno di Napoli . tape 2 . Gio. Francesco Paci, Naples 1663 ( full text in the google book search).
  • Johann Samuelersch , Johann Gottfried Gruber : General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts . 58th Part, First Section. AG. Hermann Brockhaus, Leipzig 1867 ( online version in the Google book search).
  • Johann Samuelersch, Johann Gottfried Gruber: General encyclopedia of the sciences and arts . First Section AG. Hermann Brockhaus, Leipzig 1868 ( online version in the Google book search).
  • William Miller : The Latins in the Levant : A History of Frankish Greece (1204-1566) . John Murray, London 1908.
  • Erasmo Ricca: Istoria de 'feudi dell'Italia . tape III . Stamperia di Agostino De Pascale, Naples 1865 ( online version in Google book search).
  • Paolo Petta: Despoti d'Epiro e principi di Macedonia. Esuli albanesi nell'Italia del Rinascimento . Argo, Lecce 2000, ISBN 88-8234-028-7 .
  • Davide Shamà: I di Tocco, Sovrani dell'Epiro e di Leucade. Studio storico-genealogico . In: Notiario dell'Associazione Nobiliare Regionale Veneta, anno V, n.5 . La Musa Talìa, Venice 2013, p. 45–118 (here 1–74) ( academia.edu ).
  • Antonio Summonte: Historia della città e Regno di Napoli . III, Libro IV. Stamperia Giuseppe Raimondi e Domenico Vivenzio, Naples 1748 ( online version in the Google book search).
  • Peter Topping: The Morea, 1311-1364 . In: Harry W. Hazard, A History of the Crusades . tape III . University Press, Wisconsin 1975, ISBN 0-299-06670-3 , pp. 104-140 ( wisc.edu ).

Web links

  • Tocci family. Middle Ages genealogy. Manfred-hiebl.de, accessed on May 21, 2020 . (The article reproduced in the lexicon of the Middle Ages is called "Tocco" and comes from Nicol)
  • Famiglia di Tocco. Nobili-napoletani.it, accessed on May 18, 2020 .
  • Tocco, Counts of Kefalonia. Latin Lordships in Greece. Foundation of Medieval Genealogy, accessed May 21, 2020 .
  • Tocco family. Malta Genealogy. Maltagenealogy.com, accessed May 21, 2020 .

Remarks

  1. ↑ Seggi were administrative institutions of the city of Naples.
  2. ↑ The name Carlo, which occurs in Giovanni Antonio Summonte, is certainly wrong.
  3. ↑ Pietra di Tocco is a huge limestone rock that served as a sighting point in ancient times.
  4. ^ Partial heiress of the island of Zakynthos , daughter of Giovanni I. Orsini , Signore (Lord) of Lefkada, and Maria Angela (daughter of Nikephoros I. Komnenos Dukas Angelos , 4th Despot of Epirus and Anna Paleologa Cantacuzena (niece or granddaughter of Emperor Michael VIII ))
  5. ↑ The grave inscription reads: “ Hic iacent corpus magnifici militis Domini Ludonici Tocco Iunioris Senescalli hospicij claræ memoriæ Domini Roberti Imperat. Constant. Achaiæ, & Tarenti Principis, qui obijt Anno Domini 1360. the 11 mens. Decemb. "
  6. ↑ The memorial plaque “Magnifico Petro de Tocco Neapoli milite Comite Martinae 1370” in front of the Tocco chapel dedicated to St. Aspreno in the cathedral of Naples (right of the apse ) commemorates Pietro
  7. ↑ Perhaps he can be identified with a Roberto di Tocco, chamberlain and royal " famiglio " (Latin: famĭlia, famŭlus = servant) who lived in 1402.
  8. ↑ Casale (plural casali) is the Italian name for a house or a group of houses in the country.
  9. ↑ The order of knights "Ordine del Nodo" (Order of the Knot or of the Holy Spirit) was a curial order that was associated with the dynasty ruling in Naples and followed the religious rules of Basil the Great . The statute was adopted on the occasion of the first annual meeting of its members on Pentecost in 1353.
  10. ↑ When his father, 1st Lord of Montemileto, was suspected in 1404 of having made secret agreements with Raimondo Orsini del Balzo , the 14th Prince of Taranto , he and his three sons Algiasi, Pietro III. and Leonardo imprisoned at Castel Capuano in Naples and released in 1408 with a promise to sell his fiefdom. (Davide Shamà, I di Tocco, Sovrani dell'Epiro e di Leucade, p. 12) Between 1404 and 1408 he was imprisoned with his brothers in Capuana Castle. After 1408 Leonardo went to the service of his cousin Carlo I in Greece and on April 28, 1418 he handed over half of his houses in Naples to his brother Algiasi I. Around 1435 he was in the service of the Aragonese. (Davide Shamà, I di Tocco, Sovrani dell'Epiro e di Leucade, p. 23)
  11. ^ Acciaioli of the Dukes of Athens, Counts of Melfi and patrician lines and Florentine marquis
  12. ↑ Carlo I. occupied in 1405 Natolico, Angelokastro and Dragomeste, 1418 Jannina and Arta ; from 1421 to 1428 he occupied Glarentza
  13. ↑ as a youth he lived as a hostage at the court of Sultan Muhammad I ; In 1413/1414 he ruled Angelokastron, Naupaktos and Acheloos in the name of his father and defeated Ottoman gangs on the Ofidari River. On the occasion of his wedding, his father gave him control of the areas that already belonged to his father-in-law Sguros Bua Spata. In 1422 he took part in the war against the Byzantines in Morea. In 1427/1428 he had a dispute with the Foscari family over the property of Dragamesto. After the death of his father (1429) he was one of the authors of the dismemberment of the father's state. As a prisoner of the Ottomans, he was reconciled with Carlo II in 1430, who confirmed that he owned Angelokastron.
  14. ↑ as a youth he lived as a hostage at the court of Sultan Muhammad I; In 1413 Torno was at the court of Muhammad I and tried to stand up for his father; In 1422 he took part in the war against the Byzantines in Morea. He later commanded his father's fleet, which was defeated by the Echinaden in 1428. Torno had good relations with his cousin Carlo II and was considered a skilled warrior.
  15. ↑ as a youth he lived as a hostage at the court of Sultan Muhammad I; On the occasion of the wedding, his father gave him the fortress of Aetos (Peloponneso) and confirmed the areas of his father-in-law Muriki Bua as his wife's dowry. His father, along with his brothers Ercolo and Torno, had left him acarnania and various allodial goods. In 1429 there were succession disputes, so Ercolo and Menuno asked the Ottomans to intervene. In 1430, the Beylerbey Šinān invaded Epirus in her name and, after a brief siege, occupied Ioannina. Torno was captured by the Ottomans in the fall of Ioannina, but obtained his liberation by paying a ransom and then went to Hungary . King Sigismund of Hungary welcomed him at court as part of his anti-Islamic Balkan policy and invested him in Turkish rule in December 1433 with Arta (at the time in the hands of his cousin Carlo II and Ioannina). In 1436 he ruled the castle of Charpigny in Morea on behalf of Carlos II, with whom he had reconciled. After his defeat in the Battle of Kosovo in 1448, the Ottomans confiscated the few possessions that were still in Akarnania.
  16. ↑ as a youth he lived as a vassal / hostage at the court of Sultan Muhammad I; his father bequeathed him the city of Riniasa, which was later conquered by the Turks.
  17. ↑ Her father married her to the Ottoman prince Mūsā in order to strengthen the alliance between the Tocco family and the Ottomans in an anti-Venetian and anti-Serbian coalition. On this occasion Carlo I received a company of Muslim soldiers against the Albanians from his son-in-law.
  18. ↑ With a notarial deed dated August 18, 1353, she sold some of her houses in Naples to her brother Pietro for 30 ounces.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Tocco delle Onde. Retrieved May 18, 2020 (Italian).
  2. ↑ Tocco delle Gang. Retrieved May 18, 2020 (Italian).
  3. ↑ a b c d e Famiglia di Tocco. Nobili-napoletani.it, accessed on May 19, 2020 (Italian).
  4. ↑ Blasius Altomare, p. 488
  5. ↑ Il seggio di Capuana. Retrieved May 20, 2020 (Italian).
  6. ↑ Il Seggio di Nilo o Nido. Retrieved May 20, 2020 (Italian).
  7. ↑ a b COUNTS of KEFALONIA (TOCCO). Foundation of Medieval Genealogy, accessed May 19, 2020 .
  8. ↑ Paolo Petta: Despoti d'Epiro e principi di Macedonia, p. 19
  9. ↑ Walter Koch: Cancelleria dell'Impero. Retrieved May 19, 2020 (Italian).
  10. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Di Tocco. Genetic enostrum, accessed May 19, 2020 (Italian).
  11. ^ A b Carlo Borrelli: Vindex Neapolitanae Nobilitatis . Naples 1653, p. 95 (Latin).
  12. ^ Peter Topping, The Morea, 1311-1364, p. 106
  13. ↑ General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts, 1867, p. 337
  14. ↑ Davide Shamà, I di Tocco, Sovrani dell'Epiro e di Leucade, p. 5
  15. ↑ Romolo Caggese, Italia, 1313-1414, cap. VII, vol. VI, p. 314
  16. ^ Archivio privato di Tocco di Montemiletto, p. 167
  17. ^ Roberto di Taranto. Foundation of Medieval Genealogy, accessed May 23, 2020 .
  18. ↑ a b Erasmo Ricca, Istoria de 'feudi dell'Italia, p. 274
  19. ↑ Pietra di TOCC. Camministorici.it, accessed on May 24, 2020 .
  20. ^ A b c Antonio Summonte, Historia della città e Regno di Napoli, p. 390
  21. ^ William Miller, The Latins in the Levant, p. 332
  22. ^ William Miller, The Latins in the Levant, p. 307
  23. ↑ a b c d Davide Shamà, I di Tocco, Sovrani dell'Epiro e di Leucade, p. 12
  24. ^ A b Carlo de Lellis: Discorsi delle famiglie nobili del Regno di Napoli, p. 299
  25. ↑ a b c Di Tocco - Linea di Montemileto. Genetic enostrum, accessed July 15, 2020 .
  26. ↑ a b Margarita Orsini. Middle Ages genealogy. Manfred-hiebl.de, accessed on August 12, 2020 .
  27. ↑ a b Orsini-Angelo-Comneno. Genetic enostrum, accessed May 19, 2020 .
  28. ↑ General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts, 1868, p. 32
  29. ↑ Davide Shamà, I di Tocco, Sovrani dell'Epiro e di Leucade, p. 15
  30. ↑ The Paragium is often confused with the Apanage , as legal dissertations often regretted. Paragium was translated as "inheritance or inheritance portion" (accordingly the beneficiaries were "divided gentlemen"), while "Apanagium" was translated as "compensation" ( Jo. Schilteri De paragio et apanagio Succincta Expositio. Itemque de feudis iuris Francici dissertatio , Strasbourg 1701, P. 4 ( digitized version ).
  31. ↑ Savvas Kyriakidis: The Wars and the Army of the Duke of Cephalonia Carlo I Tocco (c. 1375-1429) . In: Journal of Medieval Military History 11 . The Boy doll Press, Woodbridge 2013, ISBN 978-1-84383-860-9 , pp. 168 .
  32. ^ Allan Brooks: Castles of Northwest Greece. From the early Byzantine Period to the eve of the First World War, Aetos Press, Huddersfield 2013, p. 288
  33. ↑ Donald M. Nicol: The Despotate of Epiros. 1267-1479. A Contribution to the History of Greece in the Middle Ages. University Press, Cambridge 1984, p. 181
  34. ↑ a b Davide Shamà: I di Tocco, Sovrani dell'Epiro e di Leucade. Studio storico-genealogico, in: Notiario dell'Associazione Nobiliare Regionale Veneta V, Venice 2013, p. 20
  35. ↑ Orsini-Angelo-Comneno. Genetic enostrum, accessed May 19, 2020 .
  36. ↑ Davide Shamà: I di Tocco, Sovrani dell'Epiro e di Leucade. Studio storico-genealogico, in: Notiario dell'Associazione Nobiliare Regionale Veneta V, Venice 2013, p. 27
  37. ^ Dentice del Pesce. Genetic enostrum, accessed May 19, 2020 (Italian).
  38. ^ Guglielmo Tocco. Middle Ages genealogy. Manfred-hiebl.de, accessed on May 21, 2020 .
  39. ^ Della Marra in: Libro d'Oro della Nobiltà Mediterranea
  40. ↑ a b c D. Cesare D'Engenio Caracciolo, Napoli Sacra, p. 23
  41. ↑ a b c d e f g Tocco family in: Malta Genealogy
  42. ↑ Davide Shamà, I di Tocco, Sovrani dell'Epiro e di Leucade, p. 7
  43. ↑ Davide Shamà, I di Tocco, Sovrani dell'Epiro e di Leucade, p. 11
  44. ↑ Davide Shamà, I di Tocco, Sovrani dell'Epiro e di Leucade, p. 12 f.
  45. ↑ Davide Shamà, I di Tocco, Sovrani dell'Epiro e di Leucade, p. 21
  46. ↑ a b Davide Shamà, I di Tocco, Sovrani dell'Epiro e di Leucade, p. 23
  47. ↑ Carafa della Stadera. Genetic enostrum, accessed August 3, 2020 (Italian).
  48. ^ Saraceno. Nobili Napoletani. Nobili-napoletani.it, accessed on July 15, 2020 .
  49. ^ Tocco family in: Malta Genealogy
  50. ^ Del Balzo (De Baux). Genetic enostrum, accessed June 19, 2020 (Italian).
  51. ↑ a b c d e Davide Shamà, I di Tocco, Sovrani dell'Epiro e di Leucade, p. 24
  52. ↑ a b Davide Shamà, I di Tocco, Sovrani dell'Epiro e di Leucade, p. 13
  53. ↑ General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts, 1868, p. 32
  54. ^ Anthony Luttrell, Niccolò dalle Carceri in Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 32, 1986
  55. ↑ a b Davide Shamà, I di Tocco, Sovrani dell'Epiro e di Leucade, p. 14
  56. ↑ a b c Davide Shamà, I di Tocco, Sovrani dell'Epiro e di Leucade, p. 30
  57. ↑ a b Davide Shamà, I di Tocco, Sovrani dell'Epiro e di Leucade, p. 24
  58. ↑ a b Davide Shamà, I di Tocco, Sovrani dell'Epiro e di Leucade, p. 25
  59. ↑ a b Davide Shamà, I di Tocco, Sovrani dell'Epiro e di Leucade, p. 26
  60. ↑ Davide Shamà, I di Tocco, Sovrani dell'Epiro e di Leucade, p. 20
  61. ↑ Davide Shamà, I di Tocco, Sovrani dell'Epiro e di Leucade, p. 27
  62. ↑ a b Davide Shamà, I di Tocco, Sovrani dell'Epiro e di Leucade, p. 28
  63. ↑ a b Davide Shamà, I di Tocco, Sovrani dell'Epiro e di Leucade, p. 9
  64. ↑ a b Davide Shamà, I di Tocco, Sovrani dell'Epiro e di Leucade, p. 10
  65. ↑ a b c d Davide Shamà, I di Tocco, Sovrani dell'Epiro e di Leucade, p. 6