Timeline for the Lower Elbe region
- see also main article Lower Elbe -
- Timeline:
- 12 BC. The Romans reach the mouth of the Elbe. They named the river Albis and the area on both sides of the Lower Elbe Albingia . How far they drove up the Elbe is not known.
- around 800 Charlemagne penetrates as far as the Elbe in the Saxon Wars ; the Christianization of the north begins
- around 817 Foundation of Hammaburg in the mouth of the Alster , the nucleus of Hamburg
- 845 Vikings attack the settlements along the Lower Elbe up to the Hammaburg
- 915/916 Wends and Danes jointly attack the Hamburger Sprengel
- 983 Wenden under the Christian Abodrite prince Mistewoi devastate Stormarn and Holstein and burn Hamburg down
- 1032 Under their Prince Gottschalk , the Abotrites attack Stormarn and Holstein again
- Around 1060 Archbishop Adalbert fortified the Süllberg in Blankenese
- 1066 Archbishop Adalbert is overthrown - mainly at the urging of the Billungers . Northern Albier destroy his castle on the Süllberg
- 1142 Foundation of the parish of Bishorst
- 1148 start of the embankment of the Haseldorfer march through Dutch
- 1164 The Julian flood devastated the Lower Elbe as far as Wedel , around 20,000 people and many thousands of livestock perished
- 1189 An open letter from Friedrich "Barbarossa" secures the hamburgers staple right to
- 1219 First Marcellus flood , major floods also in the Elbe area
- before 1236 A storm surge separates Finkenwerder and Gorieswerder from Dradenau
- 1248 The Allerkind flood floods the Elbe area and divides the historic Elbe island Gorieswerder into several parts
- 1282 First battle near Uetersen , the Holstein counts defeat Heinrich IV von Barmstede with the support of Hamburg
- 1297 Harburg , subject to the Guelph dukes, receives town charter
- 1306 Second battle near Uetersen, rebellious peasants are defeated by a coalition of the dukes of Lauenburg and Lüneburg and the counts of Holstein .
- around 1311 expansion of the Hatzburg near Wedel by the Counts of Schauenburg
- between 1380 and 1393 The Elbe island Gorieswerder is torn apart by storm surges, Grevenshof, Groß and Klein Dradenau, Niedernfeld, Roß, Rugenbergen and Veddel arise
- 1394 Hamburg acquires a knighthood from the Lappes at the mouth of the Elbe as " Amt Ritzebüttel ", for better control over the mouth of the Elbe and the North Sea ( pirates )
- 1395 Hamburg acquires the inland islands of Ochsenwerder and Moorwerder in order to control the entrance to the Norderelbe
- around 1402 Neustadt an der Elbe is flooded
- before 1460 The Elbe islands Groß and Klein Dradenau as well as Roß and Rugenbergen are sold to Hamburg
- 1460 Grevenhof, Niedernfeld and Veddel are sold to Hamburg
- 1460 (confirmed in 1510) Hamburg becomes a Free Imperial City
- around 1463 downfall of the parish of Bishorst
- after 1500 founding of Altona
- 1543 Beginning of the Cuxhaven complex (1577 "Dikshave") as a small dyke row settlement in the Ritzebüttel office
- 1616 construction of the Hamburg ramparts ; as a result, a new Elbe harbor is being built at the mouth of the Alster , in front of the Baumall
- 1617 Christian IV. , King of Denmark and Duke of Schleswig and Holstein founds Glückstadt in competition with Hamburg
- 1620 Altona is part of the previously Schauenburg Danish rule Pinneberg
- 1627 All Saints Flood (November 7th) floods vast marshland
- 1628 In the Thirty Years' War Stade falls into imperial Catholic hands Tilly , a little later in Swedish for the first time
- 1634 Great Flood (October 11th / 12th)
- 1648–1712 After the Peace of Westphalia , the Elbe-Weser triangle, as the duchies of Bremen and Verden, is Swedish property within the Holy Roman Empire
- 1658 Swedish troops attack the Haseldorfer Marsch and pillage Uetersen
- 1559 The Danish fortress Hetlinger Schanze on the Elbe bank of the Haseldorfer Marsch is built and reinforced in 1672
- 1664 Friedrich III. , King of Denmark and Duke of Schleswig and Holstein, gives Altona city rights
- 1700–1721 Great Northern War
- 1700, 1711 and 1712 naval battles on the Lower Elbe
- 1712/1715 The duchies of Bremen and Verden are conquered by Denmark and three years later sold to the Electorate of Braunschweig-Lüneburg ("Hanover")
- 1713 Altona burned down by the Swedish field marshal Magnus Stenbock
- 1717 Heavy storm surge with flooding of the Uetersen , Haseldorfer- and Seestermüher march to Elmshorn
- 1722–1724 construction of the new wooden harbor in Altona. In the second half of the 18th century, Altona temporarily had more tonnage under sail than Hamburg
- 1726–1736 trade ban between Holstein and Hamburg
- 1731 Great fire in Wedel (May 16), Övelgönne becomes an independent village
- 1751 The village of Bishorst is finally wiped out by a storm surge
- 1756 Great storm surge, several hundred dead
- 1764 The Hetlinger Schanze fortress is demolished
- 1768 All Elbe islands between Billwerder and Finkenwerder are ceded to Hamburg
- 1811–14 Cossack winter and the French period in Hamburg . The Cossacks cross the Elbe near Hamburg, siege Hamburg, Glückstadt and Uetersen. French troops drive over 20,000 Hamburgers out of the city.
- 1816–59 Several trips to Greenland from Elmshorn and Uetersen
- 1837 Great fire in Wedel
- 1842 After the great fire in Hamburg, the Hamburg-Bergedorf Railway goes into operation early
- 1844 Completion of the Danish Christian-VIII.-Ostseebahn from Altona to Kiel with a branch to Glückstadt / Elbe
- 1846 Completion of the Berlin-Hamburg railway
- 1847 Completion of the railway line from Hanover to Harburg . The until then insignificant city becomes the most important port of Hanover
- 1848–1851 Schleswig-Holstein War , arising from a Schleswig-Holstein uprising against Denmark; the Elbe duchies still remained Danish.
- 1852 Customs border between Altona and the rest of Holstein.
- 1864 Schleswig-Holstein becomes German after the German-Danish War , initially administered jointly by Prussia and Austria
- 1866 After the German war between Prussia and Austria, Schleswig-Holstein and the Kingdom of Hanover become Prussian provinces
- 1868 Neumühlen is incorporated into Ottensen
- 1870 Uetersen receives city rights
- 1870/71 Hamburg becomes part of the newly founded German Empire , but initially remains a foreign country
- 1872 The railway connection from Hamburg to Harburg is the first complete bridging of the Elbe near Hamburg
- 1880 In order to win Hamburg over to join the German Customs Union , Bismarck extends the rights of Hamburg to the area between Lauenburg and the mouth of the Elbe. The Speicherstadt on Grasbrook is built; almost 40,000 people are being resettled
- 1883 Construction of the Blankenese - Wedel rail link
- 1888 Abolition of all internal customs borders, Hamburg joins the German Customs Union . Since then, only the free port has been a customs foreign country
- 1899 First fixed road connection over the Elbe from Hamburg to Harburg
- 1907 Cuxhaven receives city rights
- 1909 Schulau is incorporated into Wedel
- 1911 The St. Pauli Elbe Tunnel connects the city center of Hamburg on the north side of the Elbe with Steinwerder
- 1927 The Pinneberg Elbe communities of Othmarschen , Klein- and Groß Flottbek , Blankenese and Rissen are incorporated into Altona
- 1927/28 Construction of the Lower Elbe power plant in Wedel-Schulau, canceled 1957–62
- 1937 Altona, Harburg and Wandsbek become Hamburg (and incorporated into the city of Hamburg in 1938), Cuxhaven and Geesthacht are instead Prussian ( Greater Hamburg Law )
- 1943 Operation Gomorrah in the last week of July : massive bombing raids on Hamburg. Heavy air raid on Wedel in the same year
- 1961–65 Construction of the Wedel power plant
- 1962 Devastating storm surge on the entire German North Sea coast . In Hamburg, large areas of the Wilhelmsburg district are flooded. In the subsequent dike reinforcement, the lower southern Elbe will be sealed off. The Upper Süderelbe flowing since then by the Köhlbrand from
- 1965–68 Construction of the Pinnau and Krückaus barriers
- 1969 Neuwerk and Scharhörn belong again to the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg ( Cuxhaven Treaty - State Treaty with Lower Saxony )
- 1974 The old ferry across the Köhlbrand is the Köhlbrandbrücke replaced
- 1975 Opening of the New Elbe Tunnel along the A7
- 1975–78 Pre-dike Wedeler and Haseldorfer Marsch, creation of the Haseldorfer Inner Elbe nature reserve with Elbe foreland
- 1976 The Elbe dike breaks through a storm surge near Hetlingen and the Haseldorfer Marsch is flooded
- 2002 Opening of the fourth tube of the New Elbe Tunnel
Individual evidence
- ↑ In and title page of: Lichtwark booklet No. 70. Verlag HB-Werbung, Hamburg-Bergedorf, 2005. ISSN 1862-3549
- ↑ Pliny the Elder (23 AD – 25 August 79): NATURALIS HISTORIA (Lat.)
- ↑ Publius Cornelius Tacitus : DE ORIGINE ET SITV GERMANORVM (Lat.)
- ^ Klaudios Ptolemaios : Geographike Hyphegesis [1] (Gr./Lat./Engl.)