Bülkau

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 53 ° 45 '  N , 8 ° 59'  E
Basic data
State :	Lower Saxony
County :	Cuxhaven
Joint municipality :	Land Hadeln
Height :	−1 m above sea level NHN
Area :	23.22 km 2
Residents:	866 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	37 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	21782
Primaries :	04754, 04777
License plate :	CUX
Community key :	03 3 52 008
Address of the municipal administration:	Marktstrasse 21, 21762 Otterndorf
Website :	Joint municipality of Land Hadeln - municipality of Bülkau
Mayor :	Manfred Schmitz ( CDU )
Location of the municipality of Bülkau in the district of Cuxhaven

Bülkau ( Low German Bülkau ) is a municipality in the combined municipality of Land Hadeln in the northeast of the Lower Saxony district of Cuxhaven .

geography

Affected area during a "small" storm surge of only 4.50 m when a dike breached at Glameyer Stack, Otterndorf

Bülkau village from the air

The village street

The village road to the north

The street in the north end

Horses in Bülkau

Horse show in Bülkau

location

The community is located about 20 kilometers east of the district town of Cuxhaven , just below sea ​​level . Bülkau, a downright row village on the L 144, has an area of ​​2322 hectares, has about 850 inhabitants, is about 11 kilometers long and only 3 kilometers wide.

Bülkau advertises to be the longest village in Lower Saxony .

Bülkau lies in the marshland of the Niederelbe region . The proximity to the mouth of the Elbe and the North Sea entails the risk that in the event of a dike breach during a storm surge , large parts of the municipality, which is a maximum of −1 meters below sea ​​level , will be flooded.

→ See also Glameyer Stack

Community structure

The municipality of Bülkau consists of the following districts:

• Aue
• Auestade
• Bog weather
• Blast
• North end
• Church Village
• South end
• Landmark
• Bovenmoor (formerly Baumohr and Boomoor )
• Lichtenpils

Neighboring communities

Easter break	Belum	Neuhaus (Oste)
Ihlienworth		Wingst
Odisheim	Stinstedt	Near center

Waters

The Hadler Canal in Bülkau in a southerly direction

The floodplain in Bülkau

The Neuhaus Bülkauer Canal

The floodplain is the only natural drainage, a creek before reclamation, for the water in the Neuhaus (Oste) , Bülkau and Balksee area with a drainage area of ​​around 5000 hectares. It flows about 20 kilometers long with many meanders through Oppeln, Bülkau, Kedingbruch to Neuhaus (Oste) and from there into the Oste.

Tributaries are:

• The village weather flows from Bovenmoor through the village to the Sprenge
• The Splethauswetter flows from Westercadewisch, Cadenberge-Spleth and Wingst-Altkehdingen near Hein an der Aue to Cadenberge
• The moor weather comes from the floodplain of moor weather and Westermoor
• The Auemühle Stichgraben drains the north end of Opole
• Two bettors in Opole (name not known)

Furthermore, the Hadelner Canal and the Neuhaus-Bülkauer Canal belong to the bodies of water in Bülkau or form the boundaries of the place.

history

Surname

The name Bülkau was written Bulcow / Buklow in 1404, Pilkauw in 1680, Biklau in 1702, the spelling Bolkauw is also known and is said to come from the Bolk / Bulk (stone) in the au (floodplain), i.e. to represent a natural transition over the floodplain. In the high Middle Ages the farmers of the Geest Islands ( Wingst , Westerberg and Hohe Lieth ) drove their animals into the marsh along the priele in summer .

middle Ages

Around 1100 the Geest farmers of the Wingst began to settle on the Auepriel . They built their houses on small hills, so-called Wurten, to protect them from flooding. In 1106 Archbishop Friedrich I of Bremen brought Dutch people into the country so that they could systematically drain the march . They built an elaborate system of ditches and pits to drain the land down to the floodplain. Each field is still around 30 feet today. Until the roads were paved in 1868–1894, boats and barges (also called flutes) were the most important means of transport in the wet seasons. Therefore, all bridges, passages ( called steps ) of the bettors had to be at least 3 feet and 3 inches wide.

Bülkau was mentioned in a document on March 13, 1352, when the squire Marquard Alf referred one of Heye to pay for a horse.

The parish of Bülkau as well as the parishes of Oppeln, Belum and Bülsdorf (today the farmers of Neuhaus) tried to go their own way at times, as it was on the border between the free land of Hadeln in the west and the archbishopric of Bremen in the east in the form of the Neuhaus office . The Bülkauer tried several times to join the Hadeln peasant republic. This republic was under the authority of Saxony Lauenburg, but had much more freedom than the Bremen allowed their areas.

The first castle built by the Bremen near Belum on the estuary to the Oste, called Schlickburg , was grinded by the Bülkauer with the help of the Kehdinger . The same fate befell the second fortification called dat nyge hus , today's Neuhaus, which Archbishop Otto II built in 1404. After both castles were destroyed, Otto had to promise the angry residents of the march never again to build a bulwark to threaten the eastern estuary. But already Archbishop Baldwin II had an important base built to promote the domination of the Archdiocese, this time under the name Schloss Amt Neuhaus .

On the Balksee , well connected to the old Heerstraße, was the Remperburg, which strengthened the power of the Bremen bishops. The castle was protected on three sides by the Balksee and the Remper River. It was built in 1286 under Archbishop Giselbert . In order to secure the knights Erp von Luneberg and Augustin von Osten as helpers against the marshes, he gave them the castle with various goods from the area in 1301. However, it no longer played a role from the 15th century.

Legend is that the castle was conquered and torn down by the Hadler farmers. The so-called Hauswurt , a semicircular arch of the Remper River, could have been the location based on finds.

In 1423, Bülkau concluded a protection treaty with the Kehdinger against their own sovereign. With 100 riflemen they should come to the aid of the Kehdinger. The four parishes of Bülkau felt very free. From the tax register of 1500 it was evident that they paid 900 Luebian marks. Rebellions have been suppressed time and again.

In the battle for the land of Bülkau there was a battle around 1512. Armed with scythes and poles, the peasants lost to a well-trained and equipped army of Archbishop Christoph's Bremen . The following negotiations since 1513 began in Mahrdorf and did not come to an end until the end of 1514 at the Prince's Conference in Buxtehude . In 1516 the four parishes signed the negotiated contract in Neuhaus Castle. The parish of Bülkau committed itself to pay 150 Luebian marks annually and to deliver 50 bushels of barley. The three other parishes had to pay similar taxes.

In 1629 the plague raged in Bülkau and killed 63 people.

Bricks were made in Bülkau early on, first on the floodplain, when the Hadelner Canal was being built, and two brick factories were also built there. The larger brickworks produced until 1974. The most economically important time of the brickworks in the whole Hadler area was the reconstruction of Hamburg after the Hamburg fire of 1842, in which around 1700 town houses were destroyed.

Storm surges and headwaters

The weather in Bülkau and the old bridges 3 feet and 3 inches wide

In 1717 the worst storm surge raged for Bülkau, 41 people died in this Christmas flood . 76 houses and outbuildings were also destroyed. Another storm surge took place on 25./26. February 1718 took place with further material damage. In 1720 only 24 houses were counted.

In November 1824 the dykes stopped, but the water could not drain. The lower parts of Bülkau received upper water: water that otherwise runs off the Geest over the Balksee.

In 1927 large parts of Bülkau and Opole were flooded due to a very rainy summer. In 1951 the Hadler Sietland flooded again because the Otterndorf pumping station had failed. In 1962 the dikes broke in Hamburg and on the Lower Elbe; there were no human lives to complain about. In 1976, due to a snow disaster, the water could not be withdrawn and flooded the lower parts of Bülkau and Opole.

From 1900

In 1932 the Neuhaus office was dissolved . Bülkau was awarded to the Land Hadeln and incorporated into the Landkreis Hadeln .

The municipalities of Bülkau and Oberndorf joined the joint municipality of Am Dobrock with effect from January 1, 1970 . With effect from August 1, 1977, the districts of Hadeln and Wesermünde were merged with the independent city of Cuxhaven to form the district of Cuxhaven.

In 2005, Environment Minister Hans-Heinrich Sander (FDP) inaugurated the first worldwide pyrolysis plant as a pilot plant for the production of bio-oil in Bülkau.

The new "Bürgerhus"

The village has been greatly embellished with new footpaths and bike paths, sidewalk lamps and green spaces. In September 2003 the Bürgerhus was added as a village community center. This is where the volunteer fire brigade and the German Red Cross have their premises. In 2007, the section competitions of the fire section Hadeln of the volunteer fire brigades took place.

Population development

year Residents source 1824 000- 0¹ 1848 00975 square meters 1910 1433 1925 1348 1933 1232 1939 1205 1950 1948 1973 1266 1975 01206 ³ 1987 01064 ³ 1992 01041 ³ 1997 01002 ³

year Residents source 2000 961 ³ 2002 947 ³ 2007 916 ³ 2008 909 ³ 2009 897 ³ 2010 895 ³ 2011 856 ³ 2013 889 ³ 2015 884 ³ 2016 874 ³ 2017 855 ³ 2018 852 ³

¹ 257 fireplaces
² in 198 houses (Bülkau parish as a whole)
³ as of December 31st

politics

Municipal council

The council of the municipality of Bülkau consists of eight councilors. This is the specified number for the member municipality of an integrated municipality with a population between 501 and 1000 inhabitants. The council members are elected for a five-year term by local elections. The current term of office began on November 1, 2016 and ends on October 31, 2021.

The mayor is also entitled to vote in the council.

The last local election on September 11, 2016 resulted in the following:

Political party	Proportional votes	Number of seats
CDU	94.86%	9
SPD	5.13%	-

The turnout in the 2016 local elections was 71.75%, well above the Lower Saxony average of 55.5%.

mayor

The local council elected councilor Manfred Schmitz (CDU) as honorary mayor for the current electoral term. His deputies are Heinz-Wilhelm Woltmann (CDU) and Wolfgang Frey (CDU).

coat of arms

	Blasonierung : " Split , front nine times divided by black and gold , covered with an oblique right-turned green diamond ring , the back of red , a half- silver key at the gap."
	Justification of the coat of arms: The coat of arms reminds of the changing affiliation to the land of Hadeln and the Archdiocese of Bremen .

• On the heraldic right side of the coat of arms are the typical colors of the dukes of Saxony-Lauenburg

Culture and sights

Buildings

Church of St. John the Baptist

The Evangelical Lutheran Church

Postcard from 1910 from the pastorate

→ Main article : Church of St. John the Baptist (Bülkau)

The Evangelical-Lutheran, formerly Gothic, single-nave village church of St. John the Baptist dates from the Middle Ages. It was rebuilt with bricks in 1701 using old parts, but with arched windows. The western bell tower was built around 1600, the bell dates from 1404.

Rectory

Bülkau was considered a rich parish. About 46 hectares of land and about 6 hectares of church land belonged to the parish office for the maintenance of the church. The old rear parsonage (stables) was converted into a community center, and no pastor wanted to live in the spacious pastorate, built before the war. In 1967/68 a single-family house was therefore built for the Bülkau parish.

Architectural monuments

→ See: List of architectural monuments in Bülkau

Regular events

• Shooting festival in the village on the third weekend in June
• Schützenfest in Bovenmoor on the fourth weekend in July
• Horse show, last weekend in May

music

• Immergrün men's choir from 1904
• Trumpet corps Bülkau from 1957; it played 16 times in Cologne at the carnival parade and at the Expo 2000 in Hanover
• Trombone Choir Bülkau from 1962
• Singing circle Bülkau from 1993
• Flute Circle Bülkau from 2007

Culinary specialties

Cows in Bülkau

Some families in Bülkau still know two specialties made from Beestmilch or Bistmilch , also called colostrum or pre-milk :

• Beestmilch mares are baked like a "normal" mares , only with Beestmilch. The taste is somewhat sweet, the mares are eaten with jam or honey.
• Beestmilchkäse is a homemade, flavorful soft cheese. The cow's milk is used for this immediately after the calves are born. This milk is very yellow and contains numerous vitamins, antibodies and other nutrients and active substances that are important for the newborn calf as well as for humans.

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

In the past, the Hadler village was dominated by agriculture and horse breeding, but today there are only a few small, part-time farmers and a few large farms. The largest courtyards were and are mostly in the north end up to Sprenge, as the soil is the driest here. Many residents have found work in cities up to Hamburg or Bremen and commute up to 100 kilometers to them.

Horse breeding

The horse breeders Hadelns as well as Bülkaus are successful. One of the most successful show jumping horses in the world was Deister (Osterbruch). The two winning horses Butts Leon and Butts Abraxxas (both from Bülkau) in the eventing discipline of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing and 2012 in London bear witness to this.

Public facilities

• Bürgerhus: The community center "Bürgerhus" is a general meeting place, especially for celebrations.

education

There were three schools in town:

• A school existed in the north end until the 1960s.
• The school in the village was first mentioned in 1588. The sexton was teaching the children at that time. The building was rebuilt in 1957. In the 1980s the school was converted into a gym.
• The buildings in Bovenmoor were rebuilt in 1957 and closed 30 years later. Today the school in Bovenmoor houses a kindergarten.

Today the primary school is located in Neuhaus and the secondary schools in Cadenberge as a secondary or secondary school or in Otterndorf as a grammar school or special school.

traffic

Bülkau is located southwest of the federal highway B 73 Hamburg - Cuxhaven .

Bus traffic is primarily geared towards school traffic. The first bus, which in addition to the post office also took occasional people, drove in 1924. At Easter 1939 the first school bus was used. Around 1955 buses drove four times a day to Otterndorf, three times to Cadenberge and once to Lamstedt. With the lines 1837, 61 and 62 you can reach Otterndorf , Neuhaus (Oste) , Wingst and Cadenberge once a day .

The next train stations are Otterndorf and Cadenberge on the Niederelbebahn from Hamburg to Cuxhaven.

Personalities

Memorial stone for Heinrich Meyer on the Fat Berta in the Altenbruch district of Cuxhaven

Sons and daughters of the church

• Heinrich Meyer (1878–1948), politician (DHP; NLP; DP)
• Manfred Zöllmer (* 1950), politician (SPD), Member of the Bundestag for Wuppertal from 2002 to 2017

See also

• History of Hadeln and Sausages
• Land Hadeln
• Elbe-Weser triangle

Myths and legends

• The ghost in the bakery

literature

• Lenz / Lembcke: Dat Nygehus.
• Willi Klenck: home book of the former district Neuhaus an der Oste. Verlag A. Pockwitz Nachf. Karl Krause, 1957.
• Benno Eide Siebs: Land of my youth. Nordwestdeutscher Verlag Ditzen & Co, 1961.
• Richard Mader, Günter Bastian: Hadeln and sausages. Hans Christian Verlag, Hamburg 1978, ISBN 3-7672-0516-5 .
• Rudolf Lembcke: Otterndorf, small town on the big river. Hans Christian Verlag, Hamburg 1978, ISBN 3-7672-0551-3 .

Web links

Commons : Bülkau  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

1. ↑ State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019  ( help ).
2. ↑ Roland Ahrendt: Picture from the canal in 1964 with a coaster. (No longer available online.) In: Elbe-Weser-Bahn website. Archived from the original on September 5, 2012 ; Retrieved April 6, 2017 .  
3. ^ CH Jansen: Statistical Handbook of the Kingdom of Hanover (=  Statistical Handbooks for the Kingdom of Hanover ). Helwing'sche Hofbuchhandlung, Celle 1824, p. 98 ( digitized version in Google book search [accessed October 18, 2019]).
4. ↑ Friedrich W. Harseim, C. Schlüter: Statistical Handbook for the Kingdom of Hanover (=  Statistical Handbooks for the Kingdom of Hanover ). Schlüter'sche Hofbuchdruckerei, Hanover 1848, p. 136 ( digitized version in Google Book Search [accessed October 18, 2019]).
5. ^ Ulrich Schubert: Community directory Germany 1900 - Neuhaus an der Oste district. Information from December 1, 1910. In: gemeindeververzeichnis.de. February 3, 2019, accessed October 18, 2019 .  
6. ^ ^{A b c} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Landkreis Land Hadeln ( see under: No. 10 ). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).  
7. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Official municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany . Final results according to the September 13, 1950 census. Volume 33 . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart / Cologne August 1952, p. 49 , col. 1 ( digital version [PDF; 26.4 MB ; accessed on October 18, 2019] Landkreis Land Hadeln, p. 58).
8. ↑ Lower Saxony State Administration Office (ed.): Municipal directory for Lower Saxony . Municipalities and municipality-free areas. Self-published, Hanover January 1, 1973, p. 44 ( digital version [PDF; 21.3 MB ; accessed on October 18, 2019] Land Hadeln).
9. ^ Municipalities in Germany by area and population. (XLSX; 895 kB) See under: No. 1794 . In: Destatis website. Federal Statistical Office, December 31, 1975, accessed on October 18, 2019 .  
10. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} Community directory - archive - regional structure - annual editions. (All politically independent municipalities in EXCEL format). In: Destatis website. Federal Statistical Office, accessed on October 18, 2019 .  
11. ^ Municipalities in Germany by area, inhabitants and postcode. (XLS; 3.1 MB) See under: No. 1824 . In: Destatis website. Federal Statistical Office, December 31, 2000, accessed on October 18, 2019 .  
12. ^ Municipalities in Germany by area, population and postcode. (XLS; 4.9 MB) See under: No. 1990 . In: Destatis website. Federal Statistical Office, December 31, 2013, accessed on October 18, 2019 .  
13. ^ Municipalities in Germany by area, population and postcode. (XLS; 4.4 MB) See under: No. 1981 . In: Destatis website. Federal Statistical Office, December 31, 2015, accessed on October 18, 2019 .  
14. ^ Municipalities in Germany according to area, population and population density. (XLSX; 3.3 MB) See under: No. 1963 . In: Destatis website. Federal Statistical Office, December 31, 2016, accessed on October 18, 2019 .  
15. ↑ ^{a b c} Bülkau municipal council. In: Website of the municipality of Land Hadeln. Retrieved October 18, 2019 .  
16. ^ Lower Saxony Municipal Constitutional Law (NKomVG); Section 46 - Number of Deputies. In: Lower Saxony Regulations Information System (NI-VORIS). December 17, 2010, accessed October 18, 2019 .  
17. ↑ ^{a b} Municipality of Bülkau - overall results of the municipal council election 2016. In: Website Zweckverband Kommunale Datenverarbeitung Oldenburg (KDO). September 11, 2016, accessed February 16, 2017 .  
18. ↑ The CDU gets the most votes nationwide. In: Website Norddeutscher Rundfunk . September 12, 2016, accessed February 16, 2017 .  
19. ^ History and coat of arms of Bülkau. In: Website of the municipality of Land Hadeln. Retrieved May 19, 2017 . 
20. ^ Rudolf Lembcke: Land Hadeln district. Past and present . Ed .: District of Hadeln. Buchdruckerei Günter Hottendorff, Otterndorf 1976, p. 20 (part of the coat of arms).
21. ^ Butt's horses. (No longer available online.) In: Website Deister and Co. March 19, 2016, archived from the original on April 6, 2017 ; Retrieved April 6, 2017 .  
22. ↑ Eberhard Michael Iba (Ed.): Hake Betken siene Duven. The saga of the Elbe and Weser estuaries (=  special publications by the men from Morgenstern , Heimatbund at the Elbe and Weser estuaries . Volume 16 ). 3. Edition. Men from Morgenstern Verlag, Bremerhaven 1999, ISBN 3-931771-16-4 .