Babylon 5

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Television series
German title Babylon 5
Original title Babylon 5
Babylon 5 1994 logo.svg
Country of production United States
original language English
Year (s) 1993-1998
length 44 minutes
Episodes 110 in 5 seasons ( list )
genre Science fiction
idea J. Michael Straczynski
music Christopher Franke
First broadcast February 22, 1993 (USA) on PTEN
German-language
first broadcast
August 3, 1995 on ProSieben
occupation
synchronization

Babylon 5 is an American science fiction television series that began in 1993 and is set in the fictional Babylon 5 universe . Until 1998 she told in 110 episodes of the events in and around the space station Babylon 5.

The series is of great importance for the development of television series in the USA. There were also some television films and the sequel Crusade produced, which build on the series.

General

Joseph Michael Straczynski ("JMS"), the creator of Babylon 5.

Babylon 5 was developed by Joseph Michael Straczynski , "JMS" for short, who controlled the course of the series as Executive Producer and is her "father". He also wrote the script for 92 of the 110 episodes, with those for the third and fourth seasons written entirely by him. In addition to him, executive producer Douglas Netter and science fiction writer Harlan Ellison accompanied the series as a “Conceptual Consultant”.

Due to the almost exclusive use of computer graphics for the special effects and the recording in 16: 9 format , Babylon 5 differed from comparable series of its time. The story arc, which was planned to run for five years from the start, was also unusual for the time Babylon 5 was made. Originally designed for five seasons, the premature end of the series after four seasons seemed certain due to the breakup of the station. Still, in order to bring the story to a close, Straczynski tightened the season four story arc. Only after the end of production of the fourth season, Straczynski received the approval for the fifth season. So the situation arose that the already completed but not yet aired series final episode Sleeping in Light (The Way into the Light) had to be postponed to the end of the fifth season and a new final episode had to be shot for the fourth season. This episode, The Deconstruction of falling Stars (In a hundred years, in a thousand years), falls out of the usual framework and provides a glimpse of the distant future in the Babylon universe.

Because of its almost simultaneous appearance, the series has often been compared to Star Trek: Deep Space Nine . Similarities were, for example, the war against an overpowering enemy, the spirituality of the characters and a space station as the central location. This led numerous Babylon 5 fans to allege that Paramount Pictures had copied Straczynski's ideas. Straczynski himself saw Deep Space Nine clearly influenced by his concept, but never expressed allegations of plagiarism.

Several main characters dropped out of the series over time. Michael O'Hare, for example, got out for health reasons by mutual agreement with Straczynski after the first season. Even Andrea Thompson went at his own request in season two. Characters like Warren Keffer or Marcus Cole died in the course of the plot. So does John Sheridan, who is revived and dies again 20 years later. Claudia Christian left after a failed contract extension before the fifth season.

action

The plot of the TV series Babylon 5 includes the pilot film, five seasons each with 22 episodes, as well as some additional TV films. The core plot of the series spans a period of around five years around the year 2260. Individual episodes and films also cover events outside of this period.

The name of the pilot film and the names of the individual seasons were partially revised or changed when the series was released on DVD . The name "Spacecenter Babylon 5" (old German name for the pilot film and the series) can only be found in the dubbed version. In the further course of the series, the station was simply called "Babylon 5".

Pilot film "The Gathering"

The pilot was originally called "Spacecenter Babylon 5"

2257: Almost ten years after the Earth-Minbari War, which was devastating for the Earth Alliance, the fifth Babylon station goes into operation. It aims to become a neutral place for meetings, negotiations and trade between the different races of the galaxy. However, the last expected diplomat - Vorlon Ambassador Kosh - is assassinated on his arrival. The prime suspect is unexpectedly Commander Jeffrey Sinclair, who is running the station on behalf of the Earth Alliance. As the situation worsens and the superior Vorlons demand Sinclair's surrender, the truth of the incident must be found and the near-death ambassador saved. In contrast to the original English version, the German dubbing of the pilot film mentions the year 2275 as the time of action.

Season 1 "Signs and Portents"

2258: Due to the incidents related to the assassination attempt on Ambassador Kosh, most of the former command staff of Babylon 5 was replaced. Only Jeffrey Sinclair and Michael Garibaldi kept their posts. Problems are not only caused by repeated attacks by the so-called Raiders, an interstellar pirate organization, but also by the renewed conflict between the Narn and the Centauri, which also causes incidents at the station through the two ambassadors of these peoples. Problems are also caused by the racist militant “Pro Earth!” Group that opposes extraterrestrial influence. Furthermore, some strange things happen and events that raise many questions - for example the station Babylon 4 , which disappeared years ago, reappears , the Great Machine is discovered on the planet Epsilon III near Babylon 5 , a Dilgar war criminal comes to the station and arrives A certain Mr. Morden appears who, together with his "partners", seems to be interested in the goals of the Centauri ambassador Londo Mollari. In addition, the influence of the telepath organization Psi-Corps is increasing, causing further unrest and problems. Forces are forming covertly on earth, apparently aiming to change political course. At the end of the season, the President of the Earth Alliance, Louis Santiago, dies in the explosion of Earth Force One over Io.

Season 2 "The Coming of Shadows"

2259: After Commander Sinclair is transferred to the Minbari homeworld as ambassador, Captain John Sheridan takes command aboard Babylon 5. Minbari ambassador Delenn undergoes a mysterious transformation that partially transforms her into a human. The Centauri-Emperor dies, the hardliners around Lord Reefa put their favorite, Cartagia, on the throne of the Emperor with Londo's help. Vice President Morgan Clark takes the place of the late Earth Alliance President and begins to build totalitarian surveillance structures such as Nightwatch . He is opposed to the policy of his predecessor in terms of understanding and cooperation between peoples. When clues and rumors emerged that portray the death of President Santiago as a political assassination attempt on Clark's behalf, the leadership of Babylon 5 joins a resistance group under General Haigue who want to prove this. Meanwhile, the Narn are plunged into an open war against the Centauri and suffer one defeat after the other, as the Centauri are supported by Mister Morden and his mysterious partners and the Centauri also use banned and forbidden weapons. Meanwhile there are increasing reports of unknown black shadows in hyperspace . It is becoming evident that in the fringes, especially on the planet Z'ha'dum, a threat to all races arises when one of the ancient races awakens again and begins to rally. Sheridan is finally initiated into the events of the distant past by Delenn and Ambassador Kosh, when the "Shadows" last awoke 1000 years ago. He secretly forms an alliance with her to face the shadows.

Season 3 "Martial Law" ("Point of No Return")

This season was originally called "Point of No Return"

2260: As the threat from the Shadows mounts, Delenn gives Sheridan the White Star, a secret, sophisticated battle ship. The unconditionally loyal organization Nightwatch is gaining more and more influence, the earth is increasingly becoming an Orwellian entity in which the government twists the facts, declares all strangers to be enemies and acts arbitrarily. Further evidence - allegedly extraterrestrial intrigues - emerges to hold President Clark responsible for the murder of his predecessor. When the latter also unconstitutionally proclaimed martial law , in fact all earth colonies - including Babylon 5 - break away from the Earth Alliance. General Haigue's coup fails, however, the government troops occupy the colonies, hunt down the rebels, political cleansing of the military and Senate ensues, and Babylon 5 also has to assert itself militarily against the earth forces loyal to the government. Increasing attacks on the part of the shadows lead to the tentative formation of a multi-ethnic alliance. This young alliance is dwarfing itself for the first time with a task force reinforced by the new White Star fleet. The secrets of Babylon 4 and Jeffrey Sinclair are revealed and, contrary to all warnings, Sheridan flies to Z'ha'dum with his once lost and now suddenly returned wife - even if no one has returned from there so far. Once there, the shadows try unsuccessfully to win him over to their cause, giving him deep insights into the fundamental nature of the entire conflict. Finally, Sheridan drops fusion bombs with his ship on the City of Shadows in which he is located and jumps into an abyss shortly before detonation.

Season 4 "The Liberation of Proxima 3" ("No Surrender, No Retreat")

This season was originally called "No Surrender, No Retreat"

2261: Sheridan is saved from certain death on Z'ha'dum by Lorien, an ancient alien. With Lorien's healing, Sheridan can live exactly 20 years. While Babylon 5 continues to be sanctioned by Earth, the returning Sheridan is able to prevent the young alliance from breaking up at the last minute. The missing Garibaldi also returns, but behaves increasingly strange and turns against his old friends. Mollari has to realize that with Cartagia he helped a madman to the top of power who will lead the Centauri into destruction. He assassinated him and then became Prime Minister of the Centauri himself, leaving the power of government to a politically unencumbered regent. In addition to the shadows, the Vorlons now also appear in a warlike manner against many of the "young races", the war between the two races escalates to unimagined dimensions. Sheridan leads the new alliance into a great decisive battle, after which the last of the "old races" - including the Vorlons and the Shadows - leave the galaxy. When the Earth government sets the propaganda machine against Babylon 5 and Sheridan in motion and lets shoot at civilian refugee ships, the latter goes on the offensive: Militarily he liberates several Earth colonies and thus plunges the Earth Alliance into an open civil war. As more and more earth warships join him, Sheridan takes the initiative and attacks Clark's troops at the height of Mars. In order to avoid the impression of an alien invasion, the successful attack on the earth forces is carried out exclusively by human combat troops and the superior White Star ships, but a huge multi-planetary fleet is waiting in hyperspace for an emergency. The forces of the earth are taken by surprise at the height of Mars. In the face of the defeat of his troops and the collapse of his regime, President Clark commits suicide, but first turns the planetary defense satellites against the earth in order to destroy the population of the home planet. Sheridan's alliance, reinforced by the multi-planetary fleet, but also the remnants of the government fleet, recognizing their faults, can prevent the destruction of the earth at the last second. After the end of the conflict, Sheridan is urged by the new President Luchenko to resign from the Earth Forces because he stands in the way of the political and social healing process as a symbol of resistance. Thereupon he is elected by the representatives of the allied peoples as president of the newly founded Interstellar Alliance , which Earth also joins.

Season 5 "Eyes of Fire" ("Wheel of Fire")

This season was originally called "The Wheel of Fire"

2262: Babylon 5 receives a new captain with Elizabeth Lochley and Michael Garibaldi becomes chief intelligence officer of the Interstellar Alliance; however, both distrust each other. After the departure of the shadows and Vorlons, the reorganization of the galaxy, especially the Interstellar Alliance, as well as the processing of the shadow war and its consequences are in the foreground, which has resulted in a large number of parallel series of events. A colony for telepaths who are on the run from the Psi Corps will be set up on the station ; This colony and its leader Byron are a thorn in the side of the Psi-Corps and especially Alfred Bester, which inevitably leads to conflicts. Lyta Alexander joins the renegade telepaths and after Byron's death organizes their resistance against the Psi Corps. In the meantime, seemingly arbitrary attacks by strangers on ships of all members of the alliance occur again and again. Since the death of the Centauri regent was looming at the same time, Londo Mollari went to Centauri Prime; G'Kar accompanies him as his bodyguard. Ultimately, it turns out that the Centauri are apparently behind the attacks, and Narn and Drazi undo all Sheridan's efforts to find a peaceful solution by attacking Centauri Prime directly. Sheridan finds out too late that the truth is that the mysterious Drakh are instrumentalizing the Centauri and preparing for the next war. Londo watches helplessly as his planet is devastated by orbital fire. Shortly afterwards the Drakh reveal themselves to him and force him to take over the office of Emperor of the Centauri and to follow their orders. One of his first acts is to appoint his closest confidante, Vir Cotto, as the new Centauri ambassador. After the unauthorized publication of his secret notes, G'Kar is revered like a god on his return to the station and flees from this new, unpleasant and conflict-laden role by embarking on a research trip through the universe with Lytas. Garibaldi, Sheridan and others also leave the station one after the other to attend to new tasks. 20 years later, Sheridan's life energy, which he received from Lorien, has been used up. He flies off alone with his White Star ship and is already expected by Lorien via Coriana, at the place of the decisive battle, who takes him with him. Sheridan's body disappears without a trace. The space station Babylon 5 has become redundant and unprofitable in the opinion of the Earth Government, since practically all tasks for which the station was intended have been taken over by the Interstellar Alliance. Since the decommissioned, uncontrolled station is a danger to space travel (and could possibly be misused by undesired groups), the station will be blown up in the final episode. A brief overview shows how the life of the main characters continues after Babylon 5 and Sheridan's death.

The universe

Cast and dubbing

The German dubbed version was created by the dubbing company Telesynchron in Berlin . The dialogue books were written by Michael Erdmann and Florian Krüger-Shantin , and the dialogue was directed by Michael Erdmann.

actor role Season Voice actor
P 1 2 3 4th 5
Michael O'Hare Jeffrey Sinclair MR MR GA GA Bernd Vollbrecht
Bruce Boxleitner John J. Sheridan MR MR MR MR Joachim Tennstedt
Jerry Doyle Michael Garibaldi MR MR MR MR MR MR Peter Reinhardt
Claudia Christian Susan Ivanova MR MR MR MR GA Eva Kryll
Richard Biggs Dr. Stephen Franklin MR MR MR MR MR Detlef Bierstedt
Mira Furlan Delenn MR MR MR MR MR MR Joseline Gassen
Bill Mumy Lennier MR MR MR MR MR Klaus-Peter Grap
Andreas Katsulas G'Kar MR MR MR MR MR MR Lothar Blumhagen
Peter Jurasik Londo Mollari MR MR MR MR MR MR Bert Franzke
Stephen Furst Vir Cotto MR MR MR MR MR Stefan Staudinger
Tamlyn Tomita Lt. Cmdr. Laurel Takashima MR Katharina Graefe
Johnny Sekka Dr. Benjamin Kyle MR Frank Glaubrecht
Patricia Tallman Lyta Alexander MR GA NO MR MR Liane Rudolph
Andrea Thompson Talia Winters MR MR Evelyn Marron
Jason Carter Marcus Cole MR MR Thomas Nero Wolff
Tracy Scoggins Elizabeth Lochley MR Silvia Missbach
Joshua Cox Lt. David Corwin NO NO NO NO NO Michael Bauer , Andreas Hof
Robert Rusler Warren Keffer MR Nicolas Boell
Robert Foxworth Gene. William Hague GA Joachim Nottke
David L. Crowley Lou Welch NO NO Hans Nitschke , Peter Neusser
Jeff Conaway Zack Allan NO MR MR MR Gerald Paradise
Walter Koenig Alfred Bester GA GA NO NO NO Till Hagen
Robin Atkin Downes Byron Gordon NO Torsten Sense
Julia Nickson-Soul Catherine Sakai GA Ghadah Al-Akel
Denise Gentile Lise Hampton GA NO NO Diana Borgwardt , Nina Herting , Traudel Haas
Efrem Zimbalist Jr. William Edgars NO Jochen Schröder
Mark Schneider calf NO Klaus-Dieter Klebsch
Marjorie Monaghan Theresa Halloran / Number One NO NO Ulrike Möckel
Maggie Egan ISN news anchor NO NO NO NO NO Franziska Pigulla
John Vickery Neroon GA GA GA NO Michael Christian
Julie Caitlin Brown Na'Toth (I) MR GA Ursula Heyer
Mary Kay Adams Na'Toth (II) MR Rita Engelmann
Marshall R. Teague Ta'Lon GA NO NO Claus Jurichs
Damian London Milo Virini GA GA NO NO Georg Tryphon , Klaus Jepsen , Heinz Fabian
William Forward Lord Refa NO NO Klaus-Dieter Klebsch
Wortham Krimmer Emperor Cartagia NO Stefan Gossler
Jeffrey Willerth (voice)
Ardwright Chamberlain (costume wearer)
Kosh Naranek NO NO NO NO Wolf Rüdiger Reutermann
Michael Erdmann
Raimund Krone
Ardwright Chamberlain (voice)
Jeffrey Willerth (costume wearer)
Ulkesh (Kosh II) NO NO
Ed water Murder NO NO NO NO GA Ingo Albrecht , Benjamin Völz (one episode)
Wayne Alexander Lorien NO GA Friedrich Schoenfelder
Louis Turenne Draal (I) GA Joachim Nottke
John Schuck Draal (II) GA GA Michael Chevalier
Tim Choate Zathras GA GA GA Hermann Ebeling , Gerry Wolff
Jonathan Chapman Ambassador Lethke Zum Bartrado NO NO NO Ingolf Gorges , Norbert Gescher
Kim Strauss Ambassador Vizak NO NO NO Karl-Heinz Grewe , Tom Deininger , Gerd Holtenau
Ron Campbell Ambassador Juphar Trkider NO NO Tilo Schmitz , Karl-Heinz Grewe , Gerd Holtenau
Thomas MacGreevy Minister Cholini NO

Notes: P: pilot film, HR: main role, NR: supporting role, GA: guest appearances

Awards

  • 1993: Emmy (Special Visual Effects) for the pilot film "The Gathering"
  • 1994: Emmy (makeup) for the episode "Attack on G'Kar" ("The Parliament of Dreams")
  • 1996: Hugo Award (Best Dramatic Presentation) for the episode "Schatten am Horizont" ("The Coming of Shadows")
  • 1997: Hugo Award (Best Dramatic Presentation) for the episode "Die Strafaktion" ("Severed Dreams")

useful information

  • There are two different versions of the pilot film “The Gathering” - on the one hand the original version, which was first broadcast in 1993, and a version that was re-edited by J. Michael Straczynski and first broadcast in 1998. This is just as long as the original, but a total of 14 minutes were exchanged. Less fast-paced scenes were streamlined and disturbing scenes such as the “galactic zoo” in the alien quarters were removed in order to accommodate previously unused material, camera settings were changed, the CGIs improved and new music composed.
  • J. Michael Straczynski has a short guest appearance in the last episode “The Path into Light”. He plays the technician who turns off the lights on the station before it is blown up.
  • Delenn was originally supposed to be a male Minbari with a contradicting physique. This idea was rejected during the post-production of the pilot film and text passages affected by this change were exchanged. As a consequence, Delenn's appearance in the pilot is a little different from the one in the series' first season.

TV films and offshoots

Crusade

Originally conceived as a spin-off with five seasons, production was discontinued in 1999 after only 13 episodes before the first episode was broadcast. The series takes place between the last two episodes of Babylon 5. Its plot is directly linked to the film Babylon 5: Brothers in Arms . The focus is on the crew of the spaceship Excalibur on their search for a cure for a disease on earth.

Television films

"Babylon 5: The First Step" ("In the Beginning") mainly deals with the history of the Earth-Minbari War in retrospect and thus ties in with many of the plot elements of the series. "The Gate to the 3rd Dimension" ("Thirdspace") and " The River of Souls" form their own self-contained arcs, the course of which coincides with the time of the series. “Brothers in Arms” (“A Call to Arms”) follows on from the fifth season of the series and forms the transition to the spin-off series Crusade .

The four Babylon 5 television films were first shown in the United States during the broadcast of the fifth and final season of the Babylon 5 television series and after the series ended in the winter of 1998/1999.

In addition to these four films, there is the pilot film The Gathering, first broadcast in 1993 and revised in 1998, and the film Legend of the Ranger from 2002 , which was supposed to be the pilot film for another spin-off series that never went into production.

The Lost Tales

On October 25, 2006, Straczynski announced that originally three mini-films - now known under the production title "Babylon 5: The Lost Tales" (TLT) - were planned. However, due to the complexity of one of the topics, it was postponed. So initially only two "Lost Tales" with stories about the characters John Sheridan , Elizabeth Lochley and Galen were shot. The plot is scheduled after the events in the series Babylon 5. The project was conceived as a " direct-to-DVD ", but was also to be broadcast on US television. Assuming the project would be an economic success, Straczynski held out the prospect of a whole series of further "lost tales".

The first "The Lost Tales" DVD was released in Germany in August 2007 under the name " Forgotten Legends - Voices from the Dark ". The success of the DVD did not justify an increase in the budget (2 million dollars) for the production studio Warner Brothers and so Straczynski announced in mid-July 2008 that there would be no more "Lost Tales" DVDs because the films would be made with these funds would not achieve the quality he wanted.

Computer games

After the series ended in 1998, various efforts were made to create a PC game in this universe. The most promising space shooter development, Babylon 5: Into the Fire by Sierra Entertainment , was discontinued in 1999. Since then, many private developers and fans have tried to create their own games. The main focus is on modifying existing games. Graphics, sounds, texts and, last but not least, the music are adapted to the Babylon 5 universe. An example of this is The Babylon Project, which is based on the Freespace-2 engine .

However, there are also a few standalone games. All projects are available for free.

literature

Works within the canon

The following list includes those works that are part of the canon of Babylon 5 in addition to the main series, the films and the offshoot Crusade . According to J. Michael Straczyinski, however, this does not fully apply to every work. For example, the novel The Shadow within is "about 90%" within the canon.

Novels

Short stories

The first three short stories appeared in Amazing Stories magazine (numbers 597, 599 and 602). The rest in the official Babylon 5 magazine.

  • J. Michael Straczynski: The Shadow of His Thoughts . 2000
  • J. Michael Straczynski: Genius Loci . 2000
  • J. Michael Straczynski: Space, Time, and the Incurable Romantic . 2000
  • J. Michael Straczynski: Hidden Agendas . 2000
  • Fiona Avery: True Seeker . 2000
  • J. Gregory Keyes: The Nautilus Coil . 2000

comics

The majority of the comics were translated into German, with mostly two originals being combined into one work. The English editions were published by DC Comics , only the Lost Tales comic was published on DVD.

  • Mark Moretti, J. Michael Straczynski: Treason . 1996, ISBN 3-89343-818-1 (Original title: In Darkness Find Me , 1994 and Treason , 1995)
  • Mark Moretti, J. Michael Straczynski: The Price of Peace . 1996, ISBN 3-89343-819-X (Original title: In Harm's Way , 1995 and The Price of Peace , 1995)
  • Tim DeHaas, J. Michael Straczynski: Shadows of the Past . 1996, ISBN 3-89343-820-3 (Original title: With Friends Like These , 1995 and Against the Odds , 1995)
  • Tim DeHaas, J. Michael Straczynski: Silent Enemies . 1997, ISBN 3-89343-821-1 (Original title: Survival the Hard Way , 1995 and Silent Enemies , 1995)
  • David Gerrold: The laser mirror . 1997, ISBN 3-89343-822-X (Original title: Duet for Human and Narn in C Sharp , 1995 and Coda for Human and Narn in B Flat , 1995)
  • Tim DeHaas, John Ridgeway: Psi Corps . 1997, ISBN 3-89343-823-8 (Original title: The Psi Corps and You!, 1995)
  • J. Michael Straczynski: In Valen's Name, Part 1 , 1998
  • Peter David: In Valen's Name, Part 2 , 1998
  • Peter David: In Valen's Name, Part 3 , 1998
  • The Lost Tales mini-comic , 2007

Others

  • The Official Babylon 5 Magazine , Titan Magazines, 1997-2000
  • Emerson Briggs-Wallace, Stephen C. Smith: Dining on Babylon 5 . 1998, ISBN 0-7522-1143-9

Novels outside the canon

  • John Vornholt: Deadly Thoughts . 1996, ISBN 3-442-25013-7 (Original title: Voices , 1995)
  • Lois Tilton: In the crossfire . 1996, ISBN 3-442-25014-5 (Original title: Accusations , 1995)
  • John Vornholt: Blood oath . 1997, ISBN 3-442-25015-3 (Original title: Blood Oath , 1995)
  • Jim Mortimore: Shadow of Death . 1997, ISBN 3-442-25027-7 (Original title: Clark's Law , 1995)
  • Neal Barrett Jr.: Black Dreams . 1997, ISBN 3-442-25026-9 (Original title: The Touch of Your Shadow, the Whisper of Your Name , 1995)
  • SM Stirling: War of the Conspirators . 1998, ISBN 3-442-25028-5 (Original title: Betrayals , 1995)

Secondary literature

German

English

  • Jason Davis: Babylon 5 Encyclopedia . 1st edition. Publishing 180, 2017, ISBN 978-0-9821005-9-2 .
  • Jane Killick: Season by Season :
  • Andy Lane:

See also

Web links

Commons : Babylon 5  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. a b 5 THINGS BABYLON 5 DID THAT CHANGED SCIENCE FICTION FOREVER. June 10, 2019, accessed July 14, 2019 .
  2. a b BABYLON 5: A CULT THAT DOES NOT TAKE AN END. June 29, 2018, accessed July 14, 2019 .
  3. ^ Christian Humberg, Andrea Bottlinger: Geek Pray Love . Cross Cult, 2014, ISBN 978-3-86425-461-1 .
  4. J. Michael Straczynski, 2014, DVD booklet for the 5th season
  5. STRACZYNSKI REVEALS MOVING STORY OF WHY MICHAEL O'HARE LEFT BABYLON 5. Accessed May 28, 2013 .
  6. Andrea Thompson: Biography. Retrieved July 14, 2019 .
  7. ^ About the departure of Claudia Christian. April 16, 2000, accessed July 14, 2019 .
  8. ^ Babylon 5. In: synchronkartei.de. German synchronous index , accessed on July 2, 2012 .
  9. Babylon 5. In: synchronkartei.de. German synchronous index , accessed on August 29, 2012 .
  10. JMSNews.com, Further B5: TLT update from jms , October 26, 2006.
  11. fictionBOX :, No more "Lost Tales" , July 14, 2008.
  12. Jason Davis: Babylon 5 Encyclopedia . 1st edition. Publishing 180, 2017, ISBN 978-0-9821005-9-2 .
  13. http://jmsnews.com/msg.aspx?id=1-2953 ( Memento from September 14, 2009 in the Internet Archive )