Bezławki

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Bezławki
Bezławki does not have a coat of arms
Bezławki (Poland)
Bezławki
Bezławki
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Warmia-Masuria
Powiat : Kętrzyn
Gmina : Reszel
Geographic location : 54 ° 1 '  N , 21 ° 16'  E Coordinates: 54 ° 1 '0 "  N , 21 ° 16' 17"  E
Residents : 136 (2011)
Postal code : 11-440
Telephone code : (+48) 89
License plate : NKE
Economy and Transport
Street : Święta Lipka / ext. 594 ↔ Stachowizna - Wilkowo / ext. 591
Muławki - Grabno - Wanguty → Bezławki
Bezławecki Dwór - Bertyny → Bezławki
Rail route : no rail connection
Next international airport : Danzig



Bezławki ( German  Bäslack , Lithuanian Baisalaukiai ) is a village in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in the powiat Kętrzyński (Rastenburg district ) belonging to Gmina Reszel ( urban and rural community Rößel ) .

Geographical location

The village is located on the your ( Polish Dajna ) in the historic East Prussia , about ten kilometers southeast of Reszel (Rößel) eleven kilometers southwest of the county seat Kętrzyn (Rastenburg) and 58 kilometers northeast of the voivodship Olsztyn (Allenstein) .

history

View of the castle or church hill of Bezławki

Place name

The former Bäslack was mentioned in 1365 as Paistlauken and in 1402 as Bayselawken . Before the village was called Beeslack and Bäslack in the 19th century , it was called Beslack and Beyslack in the 18th century . The name is derived from the Prussian “bais” (terrible) and “lauks” (field).

Local history

Bäslack received his Handfeste on 9 August 1371 by the Commander of Balga . The place was then part of a chain of fortified places of the Teutonic Order on the border with Lithuania . The castle Bäslack was surrounded by marsh and accessible only from the north. As a further protection, the place was surrounded by a city ​​wall made of field stones , the existence of which is proven from 1402.

In 1540 the Beeslack estate was owned by the Kannacher aristocratic family , who came into their possession again in 1720. In the 17th and 18th centuries the manor district with the village belonged to a branch of the Gröben family . At the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries, Albrecht Sigismund von der Gröben (1660–1715), a Prussian military man, was the heir to Beeslack.

1874 Bäslack was in the newly built office district Pötschendorf ( Polish Pieckowo incorporated). Until 1945 he belonged to the district of Rastenburg in the administrative district of Königsberg in the province of East Prussia of the German Empire . On September 30, 1928, the rural community Bäslack which Gutsbezirk closed Wangotten (Polish Wanguty and in the district Rehstall () Stachowizna located) Gutsbezirke nobleman Stump paint ( Stąpławki ) and Rehstall ( Stachowizna ) to the new rural community Bäslack together. On May 23, 1929, the two places in the Rehstall district were reclassified to the Pötschendorf district.

In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . In the summer of 1945, Bäslack, along with the southern half of East Prussia and all of West Prussia, was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . As a result, the influx of Polish migrants began in the district, some from areas east of the Curzon Line . Had not fled as far as the German villagers, they were mostly in the aftermath of Bäslack sold . Bäslack received the Polish form of the name "Bezławki" and today with the seat of a Schulzenamt ( Polish Sołectwo ), a place within the urban and rural community of Reszel (Rößel) in the powiat Kętrzyński ( Rastenburg district ), until 1998 the Olsztyn Voivodeship , since then the Warmia Voivodeship Masuria belonging.

Population numbers

In 1710, a plague epidemic raged in Bäslack, killing 149 people. In 1785 there were 37 households in the village, in 1816 there were 17 fewer, in which 305 people lived at that time. In 1905 there were 47 residential and 99 farm buildings with 354 residents. The population rose in 1925 to 689 with 68 houses.

Population development until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1816 311
1820 305
1831 247
1852 380
1858 379 350 Protestant
and 29 Catholic
1864 501 on December 3rd
1885 586
1905 469
1910 451 on December 1st
1933 708
1939 686
1970 99
2011 136

Bäslack Castle

church

The first reference to a wooden church in Bäslack comes from 1402. In 1480 Johannes Tolk was mentioned as a pastor who looked after a parish with the places Wilkendorf , Laxdoyen , Wangotten , Pastern and Adlig Stumplack .

The once Protestant now Catholic church in Bezławki

Evangelical

With the introduction of the Reformation in 1525, the Bäslack church became Protestant . The Bäslack Castle, no longer required as a defensive structure, was converted into a Protestant church. The gable-like structure of the courtyard gate probably dates from this time. The half-timbered tower on the south side was added between 1726 and 1730. In 1884 the interior of the church was changed, with the beam ceiling being replaced by a barrel vault . A vestibule on the courtyard side and the sacristy on the southwest side were added at this time.

Until 1945 the church was the central church for the parish of Bäslack. Preaching in Polish was also held here, as in 1867 there were over a hundred Poles among the 2,945 parishioners. In 1925 there were still around 2,000 people in the community. The parish belonged to the church district of Rastenburg in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . Flight and expulsion of the local population put an end to the Protestant community in the parish called "Bezławki" after 1945. Protestant church members living here today orientate themselves towards the Johanneskirche Kętrzyn in the diocese of Masuria of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .

Catholic

Today the church in Bezławki is used by the Catholic community . It is looked after by the parish in Wilkowo . This belongs to the deanery Kętrzyn I in the Archdiocese of Warmia . Until 1937 Bäslack was incorporated in the Catholic parish Heiligelinde ( Polish Święta Lipka ), then in the parish Wilkendorf ( Wilkowo ) in the then diocese of Warmia . In the 1970s, the Catholic Church took over the former Protestant church and in 1988 subjected it to a thorough renovation. The organ of the church was handed over to the Evangelical St. John's Church in Kętrzyn in 2004.

school

Bezławki is a school location. Even before the war, Bäslack had an eight-grade school.

traffic

Bezławki is located on a side street that connects the 594 Voivodeship in Święta Lipka (Heiligelinde) with the 591 Voivodeship in Wilkowo (Wilkendorf) . In Bezławki there also end two side streets that connect neighboring towns with the village. There is no connection to rail traffic .

Personalities

Native of the place

Connected to the place

  • Adam Krolczyk (1826–1872), Protestant theologian, China missionary, worked from 1852 to 1853 as an assistant preacher at the church in Bäslack

Web links

Commons : Bezławki  - collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

  • Daniel Heinrich Arnoldt : Brief messages from all preachers who have admitted to the Lutheran churches in East Prussia since the Reformation . Königsberg 1777, pp. 271-272.
  • Leopold Krug : The Prussian Monarchy - represented topographically, statistically and economically . Part 1: Province of East Prussia , Berlin 1833, pp. 459–460, item 13.
  • Tadeusz Swat: Dzieje wsi. In: Aniela Bałanda and others: Kętrzyn. Z dziejów miasta i okolic (= Seria monografii miast Warmii i Mazur ). Pojezierze, Olsztyn 1978, pp. 163-165.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Polish Postal Code Directory 2013, p. 18
  2. ↑ Dietrich Lange, Geographical Location Register East Prussia (2005): Bäslack
  3. ↑ a b Daniel Heinrich Arnoldt : Brief messages from all preachers who have admitted to the Lutheran churches in East Prussia since the Reformation . Königsberg 1777, pp. 271-272.
  4. ↑ Erich Weise (ed.): Handbook of historical sites . Volume: East and West Prussia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 317). Unchanged reprint of the 1st edition 1966. Kröner, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-520-31701-X , pp. 14-15.
  5. ^ Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : New General German Adels Lexicon . Volume 5, Leipzig 1864, p. 19.
  6. ↑ General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts . Volume 32, Leipzig 1872, p. 7.
  7. ^ Rolf Jehke, Pötschendorf district
  8. ↑ a b c d Bäslack at GenWiki
  9. ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I: Topography of East Prussia . Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, Complete Topography of the East Prussian Cammer Department, p. 15.
  10. ↑ Alexander August Mützell, Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 1: A – F , Halle 1821 ( p. 77, item 169. )
  11. ^ Leopold Krug : The Prussian Monarchy - represented topographically, statistically and economically . Part 1: Province of East Prussia , Berlin 1833, pp. 459–460, item 13.
  12. ^ Kraatz: Topographical-statistical manual of the Prussian state . Berlin 1856, p. 31.
  13. ↑ Adolf Schlott: Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Königsberg, based on official sources . Hartung, Königsberg 1861, p. 204, point 8.
  14. ^ Prussian Ministry of Finance: The results of the property and building tax assessment in the administrative district of Königsberg. Berlin 1966, Rastenburg district, page 2, item 5.
  15. ^ Municipal directory Germany 1900 - Rastenburg district .
  16. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. rastenburg.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  17. ^ Kętrzyn Z dziejów miasta i okolic. Olsztyn 1978, pp. 164-165.
  18. ^ Wieś Bezławki w liczbach
  19. ↑ a b Bezławki - Bäslack at ostpreussen.net
  20. ↑ Walther Hubatsch , History of the Evangelical Church of East Prussia , Volume 3 Documents , Göttingen 19678, p. 472