The opposite leaves are stalked long at the base of the stem, further up they are stalked or sessile. The leaf blades are simple to pinnate and notched to entire.
The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are fused tubular or bell-tubular. The calyx tube is strongly or slightly curved. The calyx has 15 nerves and is two-lipped. The five calyx teeth are almost the same, sometimes the middle tooth of the upper lip of the calyx is wider than the neighboring teeth. The edge of the incisions between the calyx teeth is thickened. The blue-lilac, pink, violet or, more rarely, white crown is two-lipped. The five petals are fused. The corolla tube is narrowed at the base and widened at the throat. The upper lip is strong or slightly curved. The lower lip is three-lobed, with the middle lobe being the largest. There are four stamens , the two rear ones being longer than the two front ones. The anthers are bald or rarely hairy. The tip of the stylus is evenly divided into two parts.
The four clauses are elongated, smooth and sometimes sticky.
The genus Dracocephalum belongs to the Subertribus Nepetinae from the tribe Mentheae in the subfamily Nepetoideae within the family of the mint family (Lamiaceae). The genus Nepeta L.
The genus Dracocephalum occurs mainly in alpine and semi- arid areas of temperate Asia; in addition, some species are also native to Europe and one each to North America and North Africa. There are about 35 species in China.
The genus Dracocephalum includes about 70 species:
Dracocephalum calophyllum Hand .-- Mazz. (Syn. Dracocephalum forrestii var. Calophyllum ( Hand.-Mazz. ) Kudô ): It thrives on grassy slopes together with Artemisia spec. at altitudes of 3,100 to 3,200 meters in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan.
Forrest scorpionfish ( Dracocephalum forrestii W.W.Sm. ): It thrives in rocky, subalpine thickets and meadows at altitudes of 2300 to 3500 meters in the Yunnan Province.
Dracocephalum fragile Turcz. ex Benth. , (Syn .: Ruyschiana fragilis ( Turcz. Ex Benth. ) House ): There are two subspecies:
Dracocephalum fragile subsp. crenatum Vodop. : It occurs in Siberia.
Dracocephalum fragile Turcz. ex Benth. subsp. fragile : It occurs from Siberia to Mongolia.
Large-flowered scorpionfish ( Dracocephalum grandiflorum L. ): It is common in southern Siberia, Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan), the Chinese autonomous region of Xinjiang and Mongolia.
Dracocephalum heterophyllum Benth. ( Syn.Dracocephalum acanthoides Edgew. Ex Benth. , Dracocephalum kaschgaricum Rupr. , Dracocephalum pamiricum Briqu. , Ruyschiana heterophylla ( Benth. ) House ): There have been two subspecies since 1987:
Dracocephalum heterophyllum Benth. subsp. heterophyllum : It is distributed from northeast Afghanistan across the Himalayan region and Central Asia (Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan), Tibet, Inner Mongolia to the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shanxi and Sichuan.
Dracocephalum heterophyllum subsp. ovalifolium A.L.Budantsev : It was first described in 1987. It occurs in southern Siberia in Mongolia and in the Chinese province of Shanxi.
Dracocephalum hoboksarensis G.J.Liu : This endemic thrives on stony mountain slopes at altitudes of around 1200 meters only in the Mongolian autonomous district of Hoboksar in the Chinese autonomous region of Xinjiang.
Dracocephalum hookeri C.B. Clarke : It thrives on slopes at altitudes of around 4500 meters in Tibet. It is often considered a synonym for Dracocephalum tanguticum var. Tanguticum .
Dracocephalum imberbe Bunge. (Syn .: Dracocephalum albertii Regel , Dracocephalum altaiense Hiltebr. , Nom. Illeg., Dracocephalum altajense L. , nom. Illeg., Dracocephalum crenatifolium Franch. , Dracocephalum laniflorum Rupr. , Ruyschiana imberbis ( Bunge ) House ): It is in Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan), Russia and Xinjiang.
Dracocephalum imbricatum C.Y.Wu & WTWang : This endemic thrives on alpine slopes at altitudes of around 4000 meters only in Zhongdian Xian in the Chinese province of Yunnan.
Dracocephalum integrifolium Bunge (Syn .: Ruyschiana integrifolia ( Bunge ) House ): It is widespread in Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan), Russia and Xinjiang.
Isabell's scorpionfish ( Dracocephalum isabellae Forrest ): This endemic thrives on rocky meadows between forests at altitudes of 3000 to 4000 meters only in Zhongdian Xian in the Chinese province of Yunnan.
Dracocephalum microflorum C.Y.Wu & WTWang : This endemic thrives on alpine mats at altitudes of around 4800 meters only in Muli Xian in the Chinese province of Sichuan.
Turkish scorpionfish ( Dracocephalum moldavica L. ): Its wide range extends from Europe through Central Asia and Russia to most of the northern half of China.
Dracocephalum multicaule Montbret & Aucher ex Benth. (Syn .: Dracocephalum setigerum Boiss. & A.Huet , Dracocephalum multicaule var. Setigerum ( Boiss. & A. Huet ) JREdm. , Stachys odoratissima Nábelek ): The home is eastern Turkey and Iran as well as the Caucasus region.
Dracocephalum nodulosum Rupr. : The home is in the Central Asian states of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan as well as in the Chinese autonomous region of Xinjiang.
Dracocephalum origanoides Stephan (Syn .: Ruyschiana origanoides ( Steph. Ex Willd. ) House ): There are two subspecies:
Dracocephalum origanoides subsp. bungeanum ( Shishk . & Serg.) ALBudantsev (Syn .: Dracocephalum bungeanum Shishk . & Serg. ): It occurs in Altai and Mongolia.
Dracocephalum origanoides Stephan subsp. origanoides (Syn .: Dracocephalum pinnatum var. songaricum Lipsky ): It is widespread in Central Asia, northwestern China, southwestern Siberia and Mongolia.
Dracocephalum palmatoides C.Y.Wu & WTWang : The home is the autonomous region of Xinjiang in northwestern China.
Dracocephalum palmatum Steph. ex Willd. (Syn .: Dracocephalum schelechowii Turcz. Ex Ledeb. , Ruyschiana palmata ( Steph. Ex Willd. ) House ): The home extends from Sakha in eastern Siberia to the Khabarovsk regionand Magadan Oblast in the Russian Far East.
Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt. (Syn .: Moldavica parviflora ( Nutt. ) Britton , Ruyschiana parviflora ( Nutt. ) House ): It is widespread in North America.
Dracocephalum paulsenii Briq. : It is common in Pakistan, Central Asia, and northwest China.
Alien scorpionfish ( Dracocephalum peregrinum L. ): It occurs in southwestern Siberia, Kazakhstan , Mongolia and in the autonomous region of Xinjiang in northwestern China.
Dracocephalum pinnatum L. (Syn .: Dracocephalum pinnatifidum Lam. , Ruyschiana pinnata ( L. ) House ): The home is southern Siberia and Mongolia.
Rock scorpionfish ( Dracocephalum rupestre Hance ): It thrives at altitudes of 700 to 3100 meters in Inner Mongolia and in the Chinese provinces of Hebei, Liaoning, Qinghai and Shanxi.
Nordic scorpionfish ( Dracocephalum ruyschiana L. ): It is widespread in Europe, Central Asia, Russia, Mongolia and northern parts of China.
Dracocephalum stamineum Kar. & Kir. (Syn .: Dracocephalum pulchellum Briquet , Fedtschenkiella staminea ( Kar. & Kir. ) Kudr. ): The distribution area is western China, Central Asia, Pakistan and India.
Dracocephalum stellerianum Hiltebr. (Syn .: Dracocephalum chamaedrifolium Turcz. , Dracocephalum hypopolium ( Kharkev. ) Prob. ): The homeland is the Russian Republic Sakha, the Khabarovsk region in eastern Siberia and the Primorye region in Russia's Far East.
Dracocephalum subcapitatum ( Kuntze ) Lipsky : The home is Iran and Turkmenistan in western to central Asia.
Dracocephalum tanguticum var. Cinereum Hand .-- Mazz. : This endemic occurs only in Dawu Xian in Sichuan.
Dracocephalum tanguticum var. Nanum C.Y.Wu & WTWang : You only occurs in Tibet.
Dracocephalum tanguticum Maxim. var. tanguticum (Syn .: Dracocephalum hookeri C.B. Clarke ex Hook. f. ): The distribution area extends from the western and central Himalayan region to China.
Thymianblütiger scorpionfish ( Dracocephalum thymiflorum L. , syn .: Dracocephalum thymifolium Houtt. ): The original circulation area extends in Europe from the Baltic states and northern Russia south to the north-eastern Bulgaria , the Ukraine and the Caucasus region.
Dracocephalum velutinum var. Intermedium C.Y.Wu & WTWang : It occurs in the Chinese province of Yunnan.
Dracocephalum velutinum C.Y.Wu & WTWang var. Velutinum : It occurs in the Chinese province of Yunnan.
Dracocephalum wallichii Sealy (Syn .: Dracocephalum calanthum C.Y.Wu , Dracocephalum speciosum Wall. Ex Benth. , Ruyschiana wallichii House ): There are three varieties:
Dracocephalum wallichii var. Platyanthum C.Y.Wu & WTWang : It occurs only in Tibet.
Dracocephalum wallichii var. Proliferum C.Y.Wu & WTWang : It occurs only in Sichuan.
Dracocephalum wallichii Sealy var. Wallichii : It occurs from the western Himalayan region to Tibet.
Some species of the scorpion fish are used as ornamental plants.
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Xi-wen Li, Ian C. Hedge: Lamiaceae Lindley . In: Wu Zheng-yi & Peter H. Raven (eds.): Flora of China . Verbenaceae through Solanaceae. tape17 . Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 1994, ISBN 0-915279-24-X , Dracocephalum Linnaeus , pp.124 (English, online with the same text as the printed work - sections description and distribution).
↑ Dracocephalum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed January 16, 2018.
↑ a b c Dracocephalum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
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Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. tape5 : Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Springer, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 .