Fântânele (Arad)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Fântânele
Engelsbrunn
Angyalkút
Coat of arms of Fântânele (Arad)
Fântânele (Arad) (Romania)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Banat
Circle : Arad
Coordinates : 46 ° 7 '  N , 21 ° 23'  E Coordinates: 46 ° 7 '27 "  N , 21 ° 23' 0"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Area : 40.18  km²
Residents : 3,090 (October 20, 2011)
Population density : 77 inhabitants per km²
Postal code : 317120
Telephone code : (+40) 02 57
License plate : AR
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : local community
Structure : Fântânele, Tisa Nouă
Mayor : Emil-Nicolae Otlăcan ( PSD )
Postal address : Str. Principală, no. 115
loc. Fântânele, jud. Arad, RO-317120
Website :
Location of Fântânele in the Arad district
Roman Catholic Church, 2009

Fântânele also Fîntînele ( German  Engelsbrunn , Hungarian Angyalkút or until 1899 Kisfalud ) is a municipality in the Arad district , Banat , Romania . The village of Tisa Nouă (Meadow Haid) also belongs to the municipality of Fântânele .

Geographical location

Fântânele is located in the northern part of the Banat , in the plain on the southern bank of the Marosch . The connecting road Arad - Lipova (Lippa) runs right through the village . The nearest town is Arad, 6 km away. Neighborhoods are Kleinsanktnikolaus in the west , Schöndorf in the east , Glogowatz in the north and Wiesenhaid in the south .

The place is flat and is about 15 meters higher than the water level of the Marosch, so that it is protected from flooding. The areas belonging to Engelsbrunn consist of fields, market gardens, vineyards, orchards and meadows. There is no forest.

Neighboring places

Sânnicolau Mic Arad Vladimirescu
Zădăreni Neighboring communities Sămbăteni
Șagu Tisa Noua Frumușeni

history

Before the Austrian colonization in 1766, there were a few houses in the Wallachian village in the Ried near today's brickworks. The inhabitants are said to have been Romanians, possibly Roma . In the years 1760–1766, they are said to have moved partly to Kleinsanktnikolaus and partly to Lippa . The houses likely collapsed or were demolished. They did not form a closed townscape, but were lined up in a line along the Marosch. The new place was created not far from these houses.

After the transfer of the nationalist village around 1766, the place was rebuilt by Carl Samuel Neumann Edler von Buchholt with 97 houses for 352 Germans. By September 11, 1766, 97 colonist families with 352 people had been assigned to Kisfaluda to settle. Of the people scheduled for settlement, 13 had died by the end of 1766.

The settlers came mainly from Trier (Rhineland), Lorraine , Luxembourg and Saarland . A total of 104 families with around 500–600 people were settled in Engelsbrunn.

Naming

The original name for the place where today's Fântânele is located was probably Kisfalu (da), which means "small village" in Hungarian.

In 1768 a petition was sent to the Banco Hof Deputation to give the place the German name “Englbrunn”. The founder, Carl Samuel Neumann Edler von Buchholt , had an angel placed on the fountain in the middle of the village. He should protect the water. Today, in the park in front of the church, on the former well, there is a pedestal with a sheet metal angel on top.

Between 1867 and 1918 the village bore the Hungarian name Kisfalud in the course of the Magyarization and from 1899 Angyalkút .

After 1918 the name Engelsbrunn was officially used again , from 1948 it was given the name Fântânele (Romanian "fountain").

Population development

The initial number of inhabitants doubled by 1811 and reached a value of 2080 in 1940, whereby the percentage of Germans in the total population of originally 100% leveled off between 88% and 95%.

After the beginning of the Second World War in 1940, the German population began to decline in Engelsbrunn. Many men had to serve in the Romanian army. In 1943 145 men were drafted into the German army for military service. Of the 145 men, 49 fell. Many were captured and released to Germany. In January 1945 161 people were deported to Russia , 42 of whom died. Some of those deported to Russia were released to Germany.

Since the Germans in Romania were expropriated in the spring of 1945 , many saw no future in their homeland and either stayed in Germany or moved to America. So gradually the emigration began. First, those who were born in America and were American citizens tried to emigrate. The next were the teachers. Obviously, they were given preferential exit permits in order to create a reason to thin out German schools and German-language teaching more and more.

In the 1970s, at the Conference for Security and Cooperation in Europe , Romania was one of the signatories of the Helsinki Agreement, which made it possible to leave the country if first-degree relatives lived abroad, including in the West. So the family reunification began . But there were only a few who were allowed to leave.

The great emigration began with the visitors to the Federal Republic, who did not return and the families then caught up with them. Everyone tried to get free in some way. Some bought their way out with money - substantial sums of money were paid to get the passport. In December 1989 , after the fall of Ceaușescu , things quickly went downhill for the German population in Engelsbrunn. Today only very few Germans still live in Engelsbrunn (in 2011 there were 22), as many left their homeland who never intended to emigrate before.

Personalities

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Fântânele  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 2011 census in Romania ( MS Excel ; 1.3 MB)
  2. ↑ uni-heidelberg.de , Swantje Volkmann : The architecture of the 18th century in the Temescher Banat , Heidelberg 2001