Weißandt-Gölzau

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Weißandt-Gölzau
Coat of arms of Weißandt-Gölzau
Coordinates: 51 ° 40 ′ 17 ″  N , 12 ° 4 ′ 7 ″  E
Height : 79 m above sea level NN
Area : 13.32 km²
Residents : 1256  (Apr 13, 2016)
Population density : 94 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : January 1, 2010
Postal code : 06369
Area code : 034978
St Germanus Church
Ruins of Gölzau Castle
Smoldering works Gölzau in an aerial photo from 1928
Partial view of the current industrial facilities
Swan Lake in the Gnetsch district
2005-12 Weißandt-Gölzau 1.jpg
Villa Hoffmeier (administrative office)

Weißandt-Gölzau is a district and seat of the administration of the city of Southern Anhalt in the district of Anhalt-Bitterfeld in Saxony-Anhalt .

Until the formation of the unitary community of Southern Anhalt on January 1, 2010, Weißandt-Gölzau was an independent community in the administrative community of Southern Anhalt with the associated districts of Klein-Weißandt and Gnetsch.

geography

Weißandt-Gölzau is located between Dessau-Roßlau and Halle (Saale) , in the north-west of the Leipzig lowland bay at an altitude of between 79 and 82 meters above sea level.

history

The community Weißandt-Gölzau was created by the merger of the two neighboring communities Großweißandt and Gölzau on April 1, 1937. On July 1, 1950, the previously independent community of Kleinweißandt was incorporated. On January 1, 2005, Weißandt-Gölzau merged with the neighboring municipality of Gnetsch, which has since formed a district. Gnetsch was first mentioned in a document in 981. With effect from January 1, 2010, the municipality of Weißandt-Gölzau became part of the newly formed city of Southern Anhalt, which was formed from 18 municipalities.

The name "Weißandt" has nothing to do with white sand, rather it has Wendish origin and means something like "high enclosure". The Wends were the first residents to settle near the Fuhne . In this water-rich and wooded area they found plenty of food through hunting and fishing. The spelling of the place name has changed several times in the course of history: Wizzand, Wisant, Wizsant, Wyzsant, from the 15th century Weissand and finally via Großweißandt to today's Weißandt-Gölzau. As the first of her family, Oddo the I. de Pohc was named in a document in 1202 as a witness in connection with the "Hohen Gehege" when King Philip took the monastery on the Petersberg under his protection in the presence of the Duke of Saxony. Anno 1259 a certain Burchardus de Wizzand is named as a witness in a document from Prince Siegfried von Anhalt . 6 years later a witness named Dominus Hermanus de Wisant appears recorded. It is unclear whether this was an old noble family of the von Wizzand family or whether the mention of the place was only an indication of the origin of the witnesses. In 1579 Siegfried von Plotho bought these properties from the sovereign.

The knight seat of the goods was in Großweißandt. Siegfried von Plotho had the castle (no longer available today) rebuilt and surrounded with a moat. The tower with a Windelsteig (now a ruin) was built by Plotho around 1680. The von Plotho family were wealthy. They called themselves nobles von Plotho and carried a coat of arms. They were equipped with many regalia (sovereign rights). In 1751 the von Plotho Großweißandt family sold to the von Veltheim family . The manor Großweißandt with its Vorwerk Gahrendorf in the Principality of Anhalt-Köthen was transferred in 1751 from the Harbker line to the Ostrauer line of those of Veltheim. At the end of the 18th century, Weißandt was bankrupt. It was leased to Karl Christian Bieler in 1797. The lease sum was 5600 thalers for agriculture, sheep breeding, meadows, cattle breeding, hunting gardens, fisheries, fruit and logging.

When the Swedish army was standing near Bernburg (Saale) in 1633, during the Thirty Years' War , the future King of Sweden Karl X. Gustav and his entourage took quarters in the castle. Historiography says that the whole Weissandt estate was 'very badly spoiled'.

The region achieved a great agricultural boom through the knowledge that a substance can be extracted from the root of the beetroot that tastes sweet and has a crystalline structure like cane sugar . The sugar industry has shaped economic life since the middle of the 19th century and brought the country an enormous boom. Over 40 percent of all industrial workers were employed in the sugar industry between 1860 and 1870. During this period, lignite mining also began in the region. When the deposits were exposed in 1860, the community turned into a mining village. In 1874 the Minna Anna union was formed and the Hedwig field was completed. In 1876 lignite mining began in the “Our Fritz” mine. 1926 was in the village Gölzau sinking of the shaft of the "Kurt" pit in the freeze shaft procedures carried out to a depth of 90 meters and a Schwelwerk built. The mining fields were to the west and east of the current federal highway 183 between Radegast and Prosigk and south of Gölzau to Löbersdorf. The Cösitzer pond was created by lowering the charred fields. The mining and gravity operation was started in 1927 by the "coal refining and smoldering works Minna Anna AG" founded in 1928. By processing lignite with a high tar content in the smoldering process, gas, gasoline, heating and special oils were obtained.

With the formation of "Coal Refinement and Schwelwerke AG" in 1931 and the incorporation of the company into the armament (gasoline production since 1936), the mine in 1941 with 572 employees achieved a remarkable output of around 560,000 tons. After the end of the war in 1945, the company threatened to be dismantled. However, on the instructions of the Soviet Military Administration ( SMAD ), coal production was resumed and the plant became part of the Soviet joint-stock company RASRES. In June 1952 the company was converted into a state- owned company , the VEB Braunkohlenkombinat Gölzau. Strikes by the miners in connection with the workers' uprising on June 17, 1953 were also stopped in Weißandt-Gölzau by the use of force. The highest output of lignite was achieved between 1950 and 1960 with around 645,000 tons with a workforce of 2,400 in 1959. The construction of a petroleum distillation column in 1955 made it possible to process Soviet, Albanian and Egyptian petroleum into high-quality bitumen. The delivery took place with tank wagons over the railway network.

On August 8, 1963, the GDR Council of Ministers passed the resolution to shut down the “VEB Kombinat Gölzau”. On July 24, 1964 the foundation stone was laid for the new VEB Gölzaplast plant (since 1969 VEB Orbitaplast ) in the immediate vicinity of the old plant. The annual capacity of the company was planned for a production of 10,000 tons of polyethylene film and 5,000 tons of polyethylene pipes. As a second expansion stage, the production of PVC films using the calendering process began in 1966 . A major fire on August 29, 1986 caused millions in damage to the company and brought Weißandt-Gölzau to the brink of catastrophe. In 1989, VEB Orbitaplast employed just under 3,800 workers and employees in its main plant in Weißandt-Gölzau and its parts of operations in Osternienburg , Westeregeln and Karl-Marx-Stadt (today Chemnitz), making it the largest plastics producer in the GDR . All quark, butter and yoghurt pots used in the republic were made from plastic films produced in Weißandt-Gölzau.

After German reunification , the large local companies were privatized or liquidated. Thanks to the joint efforts of the Treuhandanstalt , the municipality and committed state and local politicians, an industrial break was prevented. Many jobs were cut, but new ones were also created. Numerous companies, some with more than 600 employees, have now established themselves in Weißandt-Gölzau. Through the determined use of funds, over 1,300 jobs were created in the village. Among other things, the Polifilm Extrusion company, which was founded in 1991 as a subsidiary of the Polifilm Group under the name Orbita-Film, now produces PE film in Weißandt-Gölzau. Polifilm is one of the largest employers in Saxony-Anhalt.

politics

mayor

The last mayor of the community of Weißandt-Gölzau was Burkhard Bresch, who took over the mayor's office of the receiving community of Southern Anhalt . The incumbent local mayor is Erika Scheller.

coat of arms

Blazon : "Half-split and divided, in front in blue a golden ear, behind in gold a black miner's toughness and a black cogwheel below, in silver a brick red bridge adjoining the division and a blue wave stake in the bridge yoke."

The colors of Weißandt-Gölzau are gold (yellow) - blue.

flag

The flag is yellow - blue (1: 1) striped (longitudinal shape: stripes running vertically) and covered with the horizontally centered, vertically shifted municipal coat of arms towards the flag head. The coat of arms takes up half the width of the flag. The ratio of flag width to flag length is 1: 2.5.

Memorials

  • Graves in the local cemetery for six concentration camp prisoners who were driven through the village during a death march of the Langenstein-Zwieberge subcamp in April 1945 and murdered by SS men . According to the latest findings and interviews with regional contemporary witnesses, however, the prisoners came from the Leau camp near Bernburg.
  • Memorial stone in the center of the village to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig , which was removed in 1955, replaced by a memorial stone to the "unforgettable Ernst Thälmann" and was only rediscovered and erected in 1997.

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

Together with the city of Zörbig , Weißandt-Gölzau forms an industrial center in the Anhalt-Bitterfeld district . In the shadow of the important industrial center of Bitterfeld-Wolfen , numerous companies, primarily from the chemical industry, have settled in Weißandt-Gölzau . Medium-sized companies, some with over 600 employees, have traditionally been producing plastic films and special machines at this location for 40 years. Weißandt-Gölzau is Europe's largest production site for polyethylene plastic films with a sales volume of over 190,000 tons and an annual turnover of 150 million euros.

traffic

Weißandt-Gölzau is on the Magdeburg - Halle railway line . The station is served every hour by a regional express in each direction, which ensures good rail connections to the major cities of the country.

The town is connected by road via short routes via the newly built federal road 183, which runs directly through the former municipal area, to the A9 motorway junction Wolfen. In a comparatively short time of less than 30 minutes, the Leipzig economic area and Leipzig / Halle Airport can be reached with the DHL air transport hub.

Culture and sights

Association

The social life in the place is strongly influenced by associations. The sports club was founded in 1924 and the volunteer fire brigade was formed in 1937. After the political change and the introduction of association rights in the GDR in early 1990, the Carnival Club Gölzau eV and the Kultur- und Heimatverein Weißandt-Gölzau 1990 eV were founded. The shooting club SV Gölzau 1990 eV, also founded in 1990, meanwhile shoots with its juniors at the top of the Regionalliga Ost . The Weißandt-Gölzau location is the state performance center for sport shooters in Saxony-Anhalt.

Buildings

In Weißandt-Gölzau, Klein-Weißandt and Gnetsch there are numerous architectural monuments of regional importance. The St. Germanus Church , built of field stones, dates from the 12th century with its Romanesque foundation walls and was given a new bell storey made of brickwork in 1905. The organ, which was extensively restored in 2008, dates from 1695. Only the foundation walls of the baroque castle with tower are preserved today. The Hoffmeier mansion, built in 1904, contains numerous Art Nouveau elements , as does the church in the Gnetsch district, consecrated in 1910. The Anhalt court architect Gottfried Bandhauer left his mark on the town in the first half of the 19th century when building a cantilevered stable and barn building (demolished), a manor house and a school.

sons and daughters of the town

literature

  • Regina Michel: Stories about time and people: Life in the region between Köthen and Bitterfeld 1900 to 1945. Weißandt-Gölzau: Self-published culture and local history association Weißandt-Gölzau 1990 eV 2006. ISBN 3-00-019476-2
  • Regina Michel: Stories about time and people: Life in the region between Köthen and Bitterfeld 1945 to 2000. Leipzig: horizont projekt gmbh. ISBN 978-3-940380-02-9
  • Kultur- und Heimatverein Weißandt-Gölzau 1990 eV (publisher): Weißandt-Gölzau, business location with tradition (business location by experience). Leipzig: strohsack Verlag 2007. ISBN 978-3-940380-01-2 (German-English edition)

Web links

Commons : Weißandt-Gölzau  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ StBA: Area changes from January 01 to December 31, 2010
  2. ↑ Anhalt State Gazette of December 8, 1936
  3. ↑ Approval of the Ministry of the Interior LSA of June 10, 2009
  4. ^ The Gutsarchiv Ostrau in the state main archive Saxony-Anhalt
  5. ^ W. Hartung: On the history of Großweißandt
  6. ↑ Axel Voigt (ed.): History of Anhalt in data . Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle (Saale) 2014, ISBN 978-3-95462-229-0 , p. 689.
  7. ↑ a b Cultural and Folk Society Weißandt-Gölzau 1990 eV (Editor): Weißandt-Gölzau, traditional industrial location
  8. ^ Nord LB: The 100 largest companies in Saxony-Anhalt
  9. ^ City of Southern Anhalt - Weißandt-Gölzau
  10. ^ Regina Michel: Stories about time and people: Life in the region between Köthen and Bitterfeld 1900 to 1945. Weißandt-Gölzau: Self-published culture and local history association Weißandt-Gölzau 1990 eV 2006. ISBN 3-00-019476-2
  11. ^ Regina Michel: Stories about time and people: Life in the region between Köthen and Bitterfeld 1945 to 2000. Leipzig: horizont projekt gmbh 2008. ISBN 978-3-940380-02-9
  12. ↑ Internet site of the Kultur- und Heimatverein Weißandt-Gölzau 1990 eV
  13. ↑ Website of the city "Südliches Anhalt"
  14. ↑ Dr. Erhard Nestler: Christian Gottfried Heinrich Bandhauer 1790 to 1837. A classicist in Anhalt . Köthen, Micado Verlag, 2001, ISBN 3-931891-01-1