Görzig (southern Anhalt)

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Görzig
Coordinates: 51 ° 40 ′ 0 ″  N , 12 ° 0 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : 84 m above sea level NN
Area : 11.82 km²
Residents : 753  (Apr 13, 2016)
Population density : 64 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : September 1, 2010
Postal code : 06369
Primaries : 034975, 034978
Görzig (Saxony-Anhalt)
Görzig

Location of Görzig in Saxony-Anhalt

Görzig is a district of the city of Southern Anhalt in the Anhalt-Bitterfeld district in Saxony-Anhalt with 753 inhabitants.

Geography and climate

Görzig is located between Köthen (Anhalt) and Halle (Saale) at the transition from the farmland between the Köthen plain and the Fuhneaue . The landscape belongs to the central German dry area of ​​the Halle- Magdeburg Börde , climatically characterized by dry summers and cool winters with an average annual temperature of 8.5 ° C and an average of 480 to 520 mm of precipitation.

Local division

The Minna-Anna and Weißandt-Gölzau stations belong to Görzig . Since July 1, 1950, Reinsdorf, one kilometer away, has been incorporated. The parcel Kumptbusch ( Compan / Kumpan ) connects both locations. The formerly independent municipality of Görzig with the district of Reinsdorf was incorporated into the city of Southern Anhalt on September 1, 2010.

Neighboring places and location

Görzig as a district of
the city of southern Anhalt

The following districts and neighboring communities are located around Görzig:

Maasdorf Koethen (Anhalt)
Baasdorf
Reinsdorf 		Gahrendorf
Fernsdorf
Piethen Neighboring communities Weißandt-Gölzau
Prießdorf
Glauzig
Trebbichau adF 		Fuhneaue
Werderthau, Kösseln ( Saalekreis ) 		Schortewitz

history

Meaning and development of place names

  • Görzig: The old Slavic root word gor indicates a geographical name for a hilly (mountain) village and has been spelled in many different ways over the past thousand years. Gorizka (973) - Gorzeke (1253) - Gorzk (1338) - Gortzig (k) (around 1370) - Jortzk, Goretzka, Gortzke, Gorczk (14th / 15th century) - Gortzig, Görtzigk (16th century) - Görzig (1867).
  • Reinsdorf: The village of Reinhold or Raginwald . This German name appears in the documents as follows: Rein (e) storp (around 1200) - Reinoldesdorp (1275) - Re (y) nstorp (around 1370) - Reinstorff (1476) - Reinstorf, Reinßdorff (16th century) - Reinsdorf ( 1867).
  • Kumpan: The Grimm brothers offer a possible interpretation of the terms Kumpan or Compan : The Kump refers to a deep river, the Kümpel is a depression in which water collects, a water pit or pond.

colonization

The fertile loess soil as well as the nearby swampy foothills as a hunting and fishing area already offered very good settlement conditions in the Paleolithic and prompted people to large-scale deforestation of the original alluvial forests to gain arable land.

Extensive archaeological finds indicate the continuous settlement of Görzig since the Neolithic Age: jugs from the spherical amphora culture , vessels from the Aunjetitz culture . The trepanned skull found in Reinsdorf is evidence of successful surgical interventions as early as the Bronze Age . Particularly interesting finds from the Early Iron Age - dated to the period between 1000 and 500 BC. - are the permanent molds made of limestone , which made it possible to cast sickle-shaped workpieces in larger numbers.

In the first and second centuries the region belonged to the core settlement area of ​​the Hermunduren . They followed the warnings . The grave of a man in the Warnischen skeleton grave field on a field of the former Görzig domain was scientifically researched in 1936 by the state curator of Anhalt, Walter Götze. He found an iron belt buckle, a knife or arrow blade, a knife handle and a cobalt blue glass bead. Likewise, a shepherd's staff needle in a destroyed skeleton pit in the Minna-Anna colony. From the fourth and fifth centuries arrowheads, vessels, decorative pins, glass beads and a three-layer comb were found as grave goods .

In the years from 560 to 568, Avar warriors repeatedly invaded the area; This is evidenced by the discovery of an arrowhead in the holdings of the Prehistoric Collection of the Historical Museum for Mittelanhalt. In the sixth century the Germanic tribes slowly withdrew from the area to the west; Slavic tribes immigrated. Inhabited by the Elbe Slavic Colodici tribe long before the year 600 , the region was increasingly populated by Germans as part of the German expansion to the east from the 10th century onwards, initially forming a borderland loosely attached to the empire, in which Slavic and German farms, villages and saddle yards and goods coexisted relatively dense but scattered. With the consolidation of the Serimunt district , the German claim to power was also politically reinforced. This is proven by a document from Emperor Otto II about the donation of a strip of land around Görzig to Margrave Thietmar von Merseburg in 973.

For centuries Görzig and Reinsdorf were knight villages and as such as fiefdoms were owned by noble families such as von Pfaw ( Pfau ), Heise, von Werder, von Wülcknitz, von Wendhausen , and von Bodenhausen .

Görzig

Population development of Görzig

The place was first mentioned in 973 as Gorizka .

Around 1323 an Ulrich von Görzig was named as councilor of the first mentioned council of the city of Köthen. In 1338 Johann von Gatersleben sold Görzig together with Maasdorf, Rohndorf and Glauzig to the prince brothers Albrecht II and Waldemar I von Anhalt. The purchase price was 150 marks from Brandenburg silver. In 1346 the princely owners let Thile Schultheiss manage their village. Around 1370 Görzig - like many other Anhalt cities and villages - came under the jurisdiction of the Magdeburg Dompropstei.

After the battle of Dessau in July 1626 , Wallenstein assured the safety of the farmers during the harvest, but not only occupied the Dessau Elbe bridge, but also Görzig and other Anhalt villages and set up model sites there. In 1644 troops of the imperial army under General Gallas devastated during a 14-week siege "in the Haber harvest ... the whole country ..."

The two manors in Görzig and Reinsdorf passed into ducal ownership before 1800 and were managed as domains by non-aristocratic tenants.

Soldiers and officers from Görzig and Reinsdorf also fought in the Napoleonic Wars . The Anhalt Battalion as part of the Rhine Confederation Army was stationed in the Spanish campaign in Catalonia in 1810 and was captured by Spanish and later British captives near La Bisbal on September 14th . The survivors did not return until February 1814 - after an odyssey through Spain, England and Scotland.

The Magdeburg-Köthen-Halle railway line was opened in Görzig as early as 1840 . With the completion of this first cross-border train connection in Germany, the region's economic boom began. In the following year the line was expanded to two tracks.

Dr. D. describes a train journey from Petersberg to Köthen in 1841:

“We are now ... in one of the most fertile areas of Germany. The field is ideally suited for the cultivation of wheat, oil and commercial crops, namely caraway. The farmer is happy, wealthy here, and individual farms in some of the villages to the left of the railway look like noble seats. "

In the course of the forced collectivizations in GDR agriculture, the LPG "Karl Marx" was founded in Görzig in 1953 and merged with those in Trebbichau ad F. and Maasdorf to form a large LPG in 1959.

Reinsdorf

Already mentioned in a false document in 964, the market and church are first reliably documented for 1253. In 1307 the Cistercians of the Riddagshausen monastery received seven Hufen land in the district of Heinrich III. , Archbishop of Magdeburg and Prince of Anhalt. Count Günter von Dornburg donated his property in and around Reynoldestorp to the St. Nikolai monastery in Magdeburg. Also Renstorp is 1370 mentioned in the list of Magdeburg Dompropstei.

The feudal letter for Jobst Heise and his male descendants, with which Johann Georg and Christian I , Prince of Anhalt, certified the transfer of ownership as a man fief for two knightly seats in Reinßdorff , entire surrounding villages ( Maßdorf , Rohndirff , Pieten ), has survived . the Hilsdorff desert as well as other lands and jurisdictions between Reupzig and Geuz.

From November 1626 it is reported that Reinsdorf was also "badly damaged" by the incursion of the Colloredo cavalry. In the spring of 1631 imperial cavalry troops marched through the south of Anhalt, plundering. The damage to the princely villages and farms was great, but was not considered for "Reinsdorf ... because lords and subjects had fled."

Reinsdorf was incorporated on July 1, 1950.

Sights and culture

Museum Görzig in the historic building of the old school, Schulstrasse 7.
Evangelical church at the cemetery
Catholic Church in Görzig

Museum in the old school

Since 1579 as the " oldest country school in the Köthen district ", children from Görzig and the surrounding area were taught here until 1975. The voluntarily run museum opened in 1993. Exhibits on the village and school history are on display: agricultural implements, rural household items, furnishings from Reinsdorf Castle, historical coin finds and newspapers, school desks from the early 18th century, equipment for young pioneers .

Churches

  • Protestant church
  • Catholic Church
The first Catholic religious instruction was held in 1909. In 1927 the approximately 230 Catholics from Görzig and the surrounding area mostly worked in agriculture, the Glauzig sugar factory and the Gölzau smoldering plant . From April 1927 they attended two-weekly Sunday services at the Gasthof Glück . Because of the great distance to the nearest Catholic church in Köthen , the community decided to have its own, the Heilig-Geist-Kirche, in Bahnhofstrasse. 15 to erect. A donation from the Glauzig sugar factory - it comprised the property and RM 5,000 building money - enabled construction to begin in the summer of 1929. The first service was celebrated at Christmas, the official consecration of the church in the summer of 1930. A separate vicar was appointed for the new parish vicarie Görzig - it was part of the parish of Köthen. In the thirties a Catholic religion teacher taught at the Görzig school. As an employee of the Free State of Anhalt , he was also an organist. The number of community members rose sharply due to the influx of many war refugees in 1945, but fell in 1965 when the Weißandt-Gölzau shaft was closed. Independent parish from 1948 to the 1990s, the Görziger Heilig-Geist-Gemeinde today belongs to the parish of St. Maria Köthen and thus to the diocese of Magdeburg.
The house of worship , built in neo-baroque style, is a simple hall structure - unique in the Köthen region. The squat west tower with onion dome is striking.
  • Church in Reinsdorf
Today in ruins, the oldest part of the single-nave, very high church, the massive west transverse tower, dates back to the 13th century. The tower was raised in the 17th century and an octagonal lantern was placed on the tail hood. In 1856, the nave and choir were rebuilt in a classical style, while the high windows were retained. The mirror ceiling, three-sided gallery, pulpit and furnishings were lost in the second half of the 20th century. The tail hood was removed in the 1970s because it was dilapidated.
Three bronze bells hung in the church.
The largest with a diameter of 97 cm adorned eight pictures. Among other saints, a representation of St. Gall with the bear; in its form as a bell ornament only in the region. The early 13th century is assumed to be the casting time.
The middle bell (77 cm diameter) was created in 1683 by the Zerbst bell founder Johann Koch on behalf of Leberecht Emanuel von dem Werder. It was dedicated to Princess Anna Eleonore von Anhalt-Köthen (1651–1690). This bell was no longer mentioned in the list of art monuments of the State of Anhalt in 1943 .
The smallest bell (57 cm) - the oldest - had the Latin inscription CAMPANA CONVOCAT HOMINES - the peal calls the people - to be read in mirror writing . The characteristic signature (bilinear capital letters with uncial ) made it possible to associate the bell the early 12th century.. The design of the letter O as a face was noticeable .

  • Reinsdorf Church:
    floor plan

  • Choir to the east

  • Inscription of the smallest bell

Buildings

  • Pigeon house, the oldest of its kind in the Anhalt area.

schools

  • Former secondary school (elementary school since 2004).

Memorials

The gravesite of nine Soviet prisoners of war known by name and five unknown prisoners of war who were victims of forced labor during the Second World War are located in the cemetery .

societies

In 1873 the military association Görzig was founded, which existed until 1938 and was forcibly dissolved by imperial decree.

The citizens of Görzig are currently involved in various associations:

  • Sports club VfB Borussia Görzig
Two soccer teams will play in the Anhalt-Bitterfeld district in the 2013/14 season: Görzig I (district upper league ABI) and Görzig II (first district class West ABI).
  • Boxing club Görzig Fuhneland eV
Mathias Zemski successfully represented the boxing club at the Dessau Boxing Night 2012. As has been the case several times before, the boxing club was appointed to the state performance base in category A in 2013 as well.
  • Culture and Fire Brigade Association Reinsdorf eV
  • Schalmeienkapelle Görzig 1957 eV
The chapel represented Görzig on the Saxony-Anhalt Day 2012 in Dessau and took part in the parade.
  • Volkssolidarität eV local group Görzig
  • Ziergeflügel- und Exotenverein eV
  • Hunting Association - The Hegering Görzig is managed by the Köthen District Hunters' Association.

Economy and Infrastructure

Lignite mining

Indications of the first test drillings for brown coal are documented for 1735, but were not successful. Due to the industrialization of Anhalt, the need for fuels, especially in the sugar industry , increased sharply. From 1843, an exploration on behalf of the ducal government opened up the seam near Görzig and after the sinking of three shafts, the underground mining of brown coal began in 1844 . They were closed and backfilled in 1848 due to water ingress. At the beginning of the 1870s, the Hedwig and Minna-Anna pits were opened up and began producing from 1876. The main buyers were regional sugar and potash factories, brickworks, fuel distilleries and breweries.

traffic

East of Görzig, the federal highway 183 runs from Bitterfeld-Wolfen to Köthen (Anhalt). The K2074 road leads directly through both districts. Görzig is the Weißandt-Gölzau station on the Halle-Köthen railway line.

tourism

The European long-distance hiking trail E11 Den Haag – Russia leads from Petersberg via Görzig to Arensdorf and on via Dessau to Fläming. As a symbol, a white St. Andrew's cross on a black background with the designation E11 shows the way.

Personalities

  • Diederich von dem Werder (born January 17, 1584 at Gut Werdershausen , † December 18, 1657 at Gut Reinsdorf), German officer and Baroque poet, was buried on May 13, 1658 in the Reinsdorf Church.
  • Constantin Christian Dedekind (born April 2, 1628 in Reinsdorf, † 1715 in Dresden ), singer, composer and poet of the Baroque; worked as a singer and concert master at the Electoral Saxon court in Dresden .
  • Christoph Abraham Grotius (born December 19, 1629 in Joachimsthal, † April 20, 1686 in Görzig), clergyman and writer, worked in Görzig from 1652 as a preacher and confessor of the princesses Anna Eleonore and Sophie Eleonore von Anhalt-Köthen.
  • Bodo von Bodenhausen (born September 30, 1633 in Görzig; † February 18, 1700 ibid), Chief Justice of the Electorate of Mainz and assessor of the Eichsfeld Higher Tax Office and manor owner in Niedergandern , Niedertrebra , Görzig and Burgkemnitz as well as senior of the von Bodenhausen family.
  • Wilhelm von Albert (born August 28, 1777 at Gut Reinsdorf, † 1850 in Roßlau ), German agricultural economist and reformer, Anhalt Finance Council. 1822 Founder of the first agricultural society in Anhalt in Meinsdorf near Roßlau.
  • Ludwig von Albert (* 1780 at Gut Reinsdorf, † February 15, 1836 in Koethen), German agricultural economist and co-initiator of the Askania Nova colony . Together with his brother Wilhelm, he developed Albert's economic plan for sustainable agriculture.
  • Marie Dennert (1853-1917), the daughter of the Görzig miller Karl Dennert and his wife Wilhelmine Fuhrmann, was the first wife of the German chemist Georg Krause , the editor of the Allgemeine Chemiker-Zeitung , which is published to this day. As a result, she was also related to the ducal court librarian Gottlieb Krause .

literature

  • Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments. Saxony-Anhalt. 2. Dessau and Halle administrative districts . Modifications made by Bednarz u. a. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-422-03065-4 .
  • Rudolf Joppen: The Archbishop's Commissariat of Magdeburg: History and legal status up to incorporation into the Diocesan Association of Paderborn. Part 11, St. Benno Verlag, Leipzig 1989, ISBN 3-7462-0411-9 , p. 92.
  • Daniel Lorek: Catholics in “Without Wood”. On the history of the Catholic Church in Anhalt. St. Benno Verlag, Leipzig 2012, ISBN 978-3-7462-3506-6 , pp. 150-152.
  • Friedrich Winfrid Schubart: The bells in the Duchy of Anhalt. Paul Baumann publishing house, Dessau 1896.

Web links

Commons : Görzig  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Commons : Reinsdorf (Südliches Anhalt)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Codex Diplomaticus Anhaltinus, 1338 - Sale of Görzig to Albrecht II and Waldemar I von Anhalt  - sources and full texts
Wikisource: Codex Diplomaticus Anhaltinus, 1346 - Thile Schultheiss is named as administrator  - sources and full texts
Wikisource: Codex Diplomaticus Anhaltinus, 1400 - Dietrich von Reinsdorf praises Urfehde  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ State Office for Nature Conservation, Saxony-Anhalt: LSG Fuhneaue ( Memento of the original from July 25, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 61 kB). Retrieved July 25, 2015. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sachsen-anhalt.de
  2. ↑ Changes in the municipalities of Germany, see 2010 StBA
  3. ↑ Gustav Hey, Karl Schulze: The settlements in Anhalt. Verlag der Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses, Halle a. P. 1905, p. 23.
  4. ↑ Inge Bily: Place name book of the Middle Elbe region. (German-Slavic research on onomatology and settlement history, 38). Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-05-002505-0 , p. 181.
  5. ↑ Inge Bily: Place name book of the Middle Elbe region. (German-Slavic research on onomatology and settlement history, 38). Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-05-002505-0 , p. 320.
  6. ^ Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm: German Dictionary. Fifth volume. K. Edited by Rudolf Hildebrand. Verlag von S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1873, column 2613.
  7. ↑ Three-layer comb from the 4th century AD in the Köthen Archaeological Collection. At www.museum-digital.de. Retrieved February 27, 2013.
  8. ^ Andreas Geisler: Settlement history of the Köthener country. Publications of the Bach memorial at Koethen Castle. Historical Museum for Mittelanhalt. Issue XXVIII. Köthen 2004, ISBN 3-910017-07-X .
  9. ↑ Ulla Jablonowski: On the settlement history of the Serimunt and Coledici Gaue in the 10th and 11th centuries. In: Communications from the Association for Anhalt State History. 8th year, Köthen 1999, pp. 55-92.
  10. ↑ a b Otto von Heinemann (Ed.): Codex diplomaticus Anhaltinus , First Part 936–1123, No. 51. A. Desbarats, Dessau 1867.
  11. ^ Hermann Laundry : Anhalt history. First volume. History of Anhalt from the beginning to the end of the Middle Ages . Verlag Otto Schulze, Cöthen 1912, p. 340.
  12. ↑ The Cologne mark , which was also preferred in Anhalt at that time, weighed around 234 g, which results in a total of around 35 kg of silver.
  13. ↑ a b Otto von Heinemann (Ed.): Codex Diplomaticus Anhaltinus. Third part, 1301-1350. Barth, Dessau 1877.
  14. ↑ Otto von Heinemann (Ed.): Codex Diplomaticus Anhaltinus. Fifth Part, 1380-1400. Barth, Dessau 1881.
  15. ^ Hermann Laundry: Anhalt history. Third volume. History of Anhalt from the division to reunification. Verlag Otto Schulze, Cöthen 1913, p. 64.
  16. ↑ F. Krüger: From the Thirty Years' War. In: Serimunt. Messages from the past and present. Supplement to the Köthener Tageblatt. Volume 4, No. 18 of September 19, 1929. Article 107. Paul Dünnhaupt Publishing House, Koethen 1929.
  17. ^ L. Zeidler: The Spanish campaign of the Anhalt Battalion in 1810 . Friedrich Römer, Zerbst 1844, pp. 74, 84, 153 and 180.
  18. ↑ Dr. D: The guide from Leipzig via Halle and Köthen to Dessau, Wörlitz a. Coswig. A contribution to the topography of the Leipzig-Berlin railway . Printed and published by Johann Friedrich Glück, Leipzig 1841, p. 11f.
  19. ↑ Hermann Giesau (ed.); Ernst Haetge, Marie-Luise Harksen (editor): Art monuments of the state of Anhalt . Second volume. First part: The city of Köthen and the district except Wörlitz. August Hopfer Verlag, Burg b. Magdeburg 1943.
  20. ↑ Franz Büttner Pfänner zu Thal (arrangement): The art monuments of the districts Ballenstedt, Bernburg, Köthen Dessau, Zerbst. Reprint of the publications 1879–1943, reprint: Jungskopf-Verlag, Halle, 1998, ISBN 3-910147-85-2 .
  21. ^ Friedrich Kalle: Jobst Heisen loan letter about sine Gut Reinsdorff 1587. In: Serimunt. Announcements ... of the Association of Local History Museum for the City and District of Köthen (appendix), 2nd year 1927, No. 31, Article 129., Dünnhaupt, Köthen 1927.
  22. ^ Hermann Laundry: Anhalt history. Third volume. History of Anhalt from the division to reunification. Verlag Otto Schulze, Cöthen 1913, pp. 70 and 76.
  23. ↑ Helmut Dawal: In the old school, Görzig history comes to life. In: Mitteldeutsche Zeitung (MZ), November 16, 1994.
  24. ^ Georg Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments. Saxony-Anhalt. 2. Dessau and Halle administrative districts . Modifications made by Bednarz u. a., Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-422-03065-4 .
  25. ^ Hermann Giesau (ed.): The art monuments of the state of Anhalt. 2nd volume, 1st part: Dessau-Köthen district. August Hopfer Verlag, Burg b. Magdeburg 1943, p. 308.
  26. ↑ Ludwig Arndt: Military and Warrior Associations in the State of Anhalt. Funk Verlag Bernhard Hein e. K., Dessau 2006, ISBN 3-939197-03-3 , p. 147.
  27. ↑ Frank Harnack: Kitzing gets its third title . In: Mitteldeutsche Zeitung of December 3, 2012, p. 20. Online at www.mz-web.de, accessed on April 27, 2013.
  28. ↑ Eight bases for Anhalt-Bitterfeld . In: Mitteldeutsche Zeitung of March 13, 2013. Online at www.mz-web.de, accessed on April 24, 2013.
  29. ^ Photographer: Festival parade Saxony-Anhalt Day 2012 Dessau . Video, Schalmeienkapelle Görzig from 10:42 min. Online at youtube.com, accessed May 27, 2014.
  30. ↑ Axel Voigt (ed.): History of Anhalt in data . Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle (Saale) 2014, ISBN 978-3-95462-229-0 , p. 689.
  31. ^ Hans Otto Gericke: Brown gold in Anhalt. On the history of brown coal in Anhalt . Funk Verlag, Dessau 2005, pp. 16, 24, 48-60.
  32. ↑ Hans Dach: hiking and home guide. Discoveries between the Elbe and Fläming . Self publication . Engelsdorfer Verlag, Leipzig 2005, ISBN 3-938873-79-5 , p. 410.
  33. ^ Wolfram Steude : 3. Constantin Christian. In: The music in the past and present (MGG) . 2., rework. Edition, Person Part 5, Bärenreiter, Kassel / Metzler, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-7618-1110-1 , column 651 ff.
  34. ^ Holm-Dietmar Schwarz:  Krause, Georg. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 12, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1980, ISBN 3-428-00193-1 , p. 702 ( digitized version ).