Krasnolessye
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Krasnolessje
Rominten (Hardteck) Краснолесье
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Krasnolessje ( Russian Краснолесье , until 1938 (Groß-) Rominten , 1938-1945 Hardteck ) is a place in the Russian Oblast Kaliningrad . It belongs to the local government unit Stadtkreis Nesterov in Nesterovsky District .
Geographical location
The village is located in the historical region of East Prussia , about eleven kilometers north-northeast of Goldap . To the east of the village is the Rominter Heide (Russian Krasny Les ), which used to be the preferred hunting area for Prussian rulers. The river Krasnaja (formerly Rominte ) flows through the Rominter Heath .
Surname
The name Rominten refers to a Prussian sanctuary, because pagan services were held in the wild, in forests and on pagans ( roms, rams : quiet, calm, devout).
history
The village of Rominten was first mentioned in 1539, although it is believed that settlement began a few decades before that date. Rominten should not be confused with the village of Hof Rominten (Kummetschen), which was settled around 1500 and mentioned in a document . It is known that 14 farms were built in Rominten between 1535–65. In 1542 there were 45 farms in the village, the number of which later increased to 51.
In 1735 a school was built in the village.
In 1863, Rominten and Gut Praßberg became a free, non-heritable settlement with 277 houses and an area of 765 hectares. The livestock included 95 horses, 55 cattle, 140 sheep, 131 pigs and 1 goat. In 1862–65 a 30-kilometer-long country road from Kiauten (Russian: Smirnowo) to the border of the Stallupönen district via Rominten and Tollmingkehmen was built, which is important for all villages in the area . In 1874, the rural community of Rominten became the seat of an administrative district in the Stallupönen district . Around 1900 the rural community was renamed Groß-Rominten. In 1901 the Goldap – Stallupönen railway line was opened with a train station in Groß Rominten. This became an important prerequisite for the development of commercial activity and, last but not least, tourism in the village, to which annual stays by the imperial family in Kaiserlich Rominten contributed significantly.
As part of the National Socialist renaming , Groß-Rominten was renamed to the arbitrarily chosen name "Hardteck" in 1938.
As a result of the Second World War, the place came to the Soviet Union. In 1947 it was given the Russian name Krasnolessje and at the same time became the seat of a village soviet in Nesterow Rajon . 1954 came Krasnolessje with the entire village soviet in the Tschistoprudnenski selski Sowet . From 2008 to 2018 the place belonged to the rural municipality Tschistoprudnenskoje selskoe posselenije and since then to the urban district of Nesterow.
Population development
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1780 | 143 | 109 adults, 34 children |
| 1863 | 958 | |
| 1871-74 | 1.110 | Rominten 722, Klein Rominten 363, Praßberg 25 |
| 1885 | 1,118 | |
| 1910 | 1,127 | |
| 1933 | 1,128 | |
| 1939 | 1,191 | |
| 2002 | 454 | |
| 2010 | 415 |
District of (Groß-) Rominten / Hardteck 1874–1945
On June 24, 1874, the Rominten district was formed from nine rural communities and two manor districts in the Stallupönen district (1938–1945 Ebenrode district ) in the Gumbinnen district of the Prussian province of East Prussia . Around 1900 the district was renamed Groß-Rominten. After the dissolution of the manor districts and the amalgamation of rural communities in 1928, the administrative district still consisted of eight rural communities. In 1939 the district was renamed Hardteck.
| Name (until 1938) | Name (1938–1945) | Russian name after 1945 |
Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rural communities : | |||
| Ironworks | until 1928, then to the rural community of Kiauten | ||
| Freiberg | until 1928, then to the rural community Eckertsberg | ||
| Great Trakischken | Hohenrode | Zheleznodorozhnye | |
| Rominten | Hardteck | Krasnolessye | since about 1900 Groß-Rominten |
| Roponatschen | Steinheide | ||
| Szeldkehmen | Schelden | Sosnovka | 1936 to 1938 Scheldkehmen |
| Texels | |||
| Uszuphnen | Basic field | Bulavino | until 1928, then to the rural community Eckertsberg, from 1936 to 1938 as Uschupönen |
| Warkallen | Waiting stone | ||
| Manor districts : | |||
| Eckertsberg | Simonowo | 1928 converted into a rural community with the inclusion of the rural communities Freiberg and Uszupönen | |
| Kiauten , domain | Cell mill | Smirnowo | 1928 converted into the rural community of Kiauten, including the rural community of Eisenhütte |
Krasnolessenski selski Sowet 1947–1954
The village soviet Krasnolessenski selski Sowet (ru. Краснолесенский сельский Совет) was established in June 1947 in Nesterow district . In 1954 the village soviet was dissolved again and attached to the Tschistoprudnenski selski Sowet .
| Place name | Name until 1947/50 | Year of renaming |
|---|---|---|
| Dmitrievka (Дмитриевка) | Iszlaudszen, 1938–1945: Schönheide | 1947 |
| Krasnolessje (Краснолесье) | Groß Rominten, 1938–1945: Hardteck | 1947 |
| Petrovskoye (Петровское) | Klein Jodupp, 1938–1945: Kleinschelden | 1947 |
| Prochladnoje (Прохладное) | Schuiken, 1938–1945: Spechtsboden | 1947 |
| Raduzhnoe (Радужное) | Rominten hunting lodge | 1947 |
| Simonowo (Симоново) | Eckertsberg | 1950 |
| Sosnovka (Сосновка) | Szeldkehmen / Scheldkehmen, 1938–1945: Schelden | 1947 |
| Tokarevka (Токаревка) | Makunischken, 1938–1945: Hohenwaldeck | 1947 |
economy
Krasnolessje is the center of the Nesterov forest enterprise. There is also an open pit gravel and sand mine and a private wood processing company in the village.
Rominten hunting lodge
The village (hunting lodge) Rominten , located in the middle of the heath , with the eponymous chief forester's office, former imperial hunting lodge , "Hirschbrücke" and the Reichsjägerhof Rominten built by Hermann Göring , became the tourist and hunting center of the Rominter Heide .
The village, located directly on the border with Poland, no longer exists, its historical buildings are ruined and overgrown by forest. The place name of the former (hunting lodge) Rominten is Raduschnoje ( Радужноө ).
church
Evangelical
With financial support from Kaiser Wilhelm I , a church was built in Groß Rominten in 1880. However, only the ruins of the burned-out building remind of them. In the meantime the destroyed roof structure (2015) has been restored and the roof covered.
Parish
Before 1945 the population of Rominten / Hardteck was predominantly of Protestant denomination. At that time it was considered the youngest parish in the Goldap district , as it was only founded in 1868. Previously, the places of the parish were assigned to the parish villages Gawaiten (1938-1946 Herzogsrode , today Russian: Gawrilowo) and Tollmingkehmen (1938-1946 Tollmingen , Russian: Tschistyje Prudy). In 1944 16 villages belonged to the parish district Groß Rominten, which was incorporated into the church district Goldap (now Polish: Gołdap) in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union .
All church life was forbidden during the Soviet era . In the 1990s, in the neighboring town of Tschistyje Prudy, a Protestant congregation was established again, which belongs to the Kaliningrad provost in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia .
Parish locations (until 1945)
To the Protestant parish Groß Rominten resp. Before 1945, Hardteck owned 16 places, towns and places of residence:
| German name | Change name from 1938 to 1946 |
Russian name | German name | Change name from 1938 to 1946 |
Russian name | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bromberg | Klein Rominten | Kleinhardteck | ||||
| Eckertsberg | Simonowo | Klein Trakischken | ||||
| Freiberg | Praßberg | |||||
| * Great Rominten | Hardteck | Krasnolessye | Roponatschen | Steinheide | ||
| Great Trakischken | Hohenrode | Zheleznodorozhnye | * Szeldkehmen 1936–38: Scheldkehmen |
Schelden | Sosnovka | |
| * Kew / Domain | Kew | Smirnowo | * Texels | |||
| Kiauten / ironworks | Cell mill | Smirnowo | Uszupönen 1936–38: Uschupönen |
Basic field | Bulavino | |
| Little Jodupp | Kleinschelden | Petrovskoye | Warkallen | Waiting stone |
Pastor 1868–1945
Between 1868 and 1945 seven evangelical clergy were in office in Groß Rominten / Hardteck:
- Otto Friedrich Hermann Krauss, 1868–1873
- August Lange, 1873–1878
- Johannes Huebner, 1878–1885
- Carl Hugo Szczeczka, 1885–1921
- Bruno Franz, 1921–1928
- Georg Teschner, 1928–1930
- Alfred Radtke, 1930–1945
Teacher in Gr. Rominten / Hardteck Fritz Schwetlick before 1945
Russian Orthodox
Most of today's residents in the region are now members of the Russian Orthodox Church , provided they are religiously bound . Krasnolessje is located on the territory of the diocese of Kaliningrad and Baltiysk and belongs to the parish of Nesterow.
Worth seeing
In the center of the village a memorial from the First World War 1914–1918 has been preserved. To the north of this, an honorary grave was built for the Soviet soldiers who fell in World War II.
The Vystiter Ecological-Historical Museum has been located in Krasnolessje since the end of the 20th century .
Picture gallery
Memorial stone to the imperial hunt in the Rominter Heide near Warnen Sept 2010
Advertisement for the district border in the middle of the Rominter Heide forest area Sept 2010
Rominte near the railway bridge over the Rominte of the Tollmingkehmen Goldap line Sept 2010
Rominte near the railway bridge over the Rominte of the Tollmingkehmen Goldap line Sept 2010
Web links
- History of the village (Russian)
- Wystiter Ecological-Historical Museum (Russian)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ See also Romehnen
- ^ A b Rolf Jehke, Hardteck district
- ↑ a b The Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 17 июня 1947 г. "Об образовании сельских советов, городов и рабочих поселков в Калининградской области" (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of 17 June 1947: On the Formation of village Soviets , Cities and workers' settlements in Kaliningrad Oblast)
- ^ Since 1885 census data
- ↑ Through the Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 16 июня 1954 г. № 744/54 «Об объединении сельских советов Калининградской области» (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of June 16, 1954, No. 744/54: About the Kalovradet Oblast Association)
- ↑ Website of the Provosty of Kaliningrad ( Memento of the original dated August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Walther Hubatsch , History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia , Volume 3: Documents , Göttingen, 1968, p. 479
- ↑ The * indicates a school location
- ↑ Friedwald Moeller, Old Prussian Protestant Pastor's Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945 , Hamburg, 1968
